Biomass Burning and Global Change

by Levine, Joel S.

• ISBN13: 9780262122023
• ISBN10: 0262122022
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-12-20
• Publisher: Mit Pr

Summary

The 1989 report of the National Research Council, Global Change and Our Common Future states: "Our planet and global environment are witnessing the most profound changes in the brief history of the human species. Human activity is the major agent of those changes- depletion of stratospheric ozone, the threat of global warming, deforestation, acid precipitation, the extinction of species, and others that have not become apparent." One human activity that leads to all of these global changes is the burning of the world's living and dead vegetation. And human-initiated biomass burning has increased significantly over the last century. Biomass Burning and Global Changeassesses the impact of biomass burning as a driver for global change. The two volumes bring together the most recent results of a massive climatic research project in over 80 contributions by more than 200 scientists representing a dozen different countries. The contributions are divided into the tropical, temperate, and boreal regions of the world, and many of the contributors are from countries where burning is widespread. All aspects of biomass burning are covered-from fire ecology to atmospheric chemistry and climate. Topics include the remote sensing of fires from space, the characteristics and ecology of fire, gaseous and particulate emissions from burning, and the impact of these emissions on the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere and on global climate. There are also results of recent national and international experiments on biomass burning, including the international South African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI) and Bor Forest Island Experiment in Siberia, part of the Fire Research Campaign Asia-North (FIRESCAN), and the U.S. Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation (SCAR) Experiment. Several chapters deal with the Kuwaiti oil fires and their environmental impacts.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxxv
Joel S. Levine
IV Biomass Burning in South America	555	(108)
53 Mapping Fire Scars in the Brazilian Cerrado Using AVHRR Imagery	555	(6)
Christine A. Hlavka
Vincent G. Ambrosia
James A. Brass
Aaron R. Rezendez
Liane S. Guild
54 Characterizing Brazilian Fires and Estimating Areas Burned by Using the Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System	561	(8)
James A. Brass
Liane S. Guild
Philip J. Riggan
Vincent G. Ambrosia
Robert N. Lockwood
Joao A. Pereira
Robert G. Higgins
55 Types of Grassland Fires and Nitrogen Volatilization in Tropical Savannas of Calabozo, Venezuela	569	(6)
Bibiana Bilbao
E. Medina
56 Biomass Burning Emissions of Atmospheric Methyl Halide and Hydrocarbon Gases in the South Atlantic Region	575	(20)
Nicola J. Blake
Donald R. Blake
James E. Collins Jr.
Glen W. Sachse
Bruce E. Anderson
James A. Brass
Philip J. Riggan
F. Sherwood Rowland
57 Biomass Burning Effects on the Distribution of Atmospheric Methane in Brazil	595	(4)
Volker W. J. H. Kirchhoff
Maria A. de Oliveira
Plinio C. Alvala
58 The Biomass Burning Sequence of the Brazilian Cerrado and Observations of Atmospheric Ozone	599	(7)
Volker W. J. H. Kirchhoff
Hamilton G. Pavao
59 Amazonia and Global Warming: Annual Balance of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Land-Use Change in Brazil's Amazon Region	606	(12)
Philip M. Fearnside
60 Temporal and Spatial Variability of Aerosol Loading and Properties during the Amazon, North American Temperate, and Boreal Forest Burning Seasons	618	(19)
Brent N. Holben
Thomas F. Eck
Alberto Setzer
Ilya Slutsker
Alfredo Pereira
Brian Markham
John Vande Castle
61 Long-Term Atmospheric Aerosol Study in Cuiaba, Brazil: Multielemental Composition, Sources, and Impact of Biomass Burning	637	(16)
Willy Maenhaut
Gudrun Koppen
Paulo Artaxo
62 One Thousand Years of Fire History of Andino-Patagonian Forests Recovered from Sediments of the Rio Epuyen River, Chubut Province, Argentina	653	(10)
Johann G. Goldammer
Paul Cwielong
Norberto Rodriguez
Josef Goergen
V Biomass Burning in Southeast Asia	663	(22)
63 Survey of Fires in Southeast Asia and India during 1987	663	(8)
Christopher D. Elvidge
Kimberly E. Baugh
64 Biomass Fuel Utilization in Tropical Asia	671	(14)
Terrence G. Bensel
Robert C. Harriss
VI Biomass Burning in Temperate Ecosystems	685	(110)
65 Relationship between Remotely Sensed Fire Intensity and Rate of Emission of Smoke: SCAR-C Experiment	685	(12)
Yoram J. Kaufman
Lorraine A. Remer
Roger D. Ottmar
Darold E. Ward
Rong R. Li
Richard Kleidman
Robert S. Fraser
Luke Flynn
David McDougal
Gary Shelton
66 Particle and Trace-Gas Measurements in the Smoke from Prescribed Burns of Forest Products in the Pacific Northwest	697	(19)
Peter V. Hobbs
Jeffrey S. Reid
John A. Herring
J. David Nance
Ray E. Weiss
John L. Ross
Dean A. Hegg
Roger D. Ottmar
Catherine Liousse
67 Particle-Size Distributions, Elemental Compositions, Carbon Measurements, and Optical Properties of Smoke from Biomass Burning in the Pacific Northwest of the United States	716	(17)
J. Vanderlei Martins
Paulo Artaxo
Peter V. Hobbs
Catherine Liousse
Helene Cachier
Yoram Kaufman
Artemio Plana-Fattori
68 Emissions from Forest Burning in the Southeastern United States: Application of a Model Determining Spatial and Temporal Fire Variation	733	(17)
James M. Vose
Wayne T. Swank
Chris D. Geron
Amy E. Major
69 Baseline Biomass Burning Emissions of Eastern North America	750	(8)
James S. Clark
70 Impact of Deforestation on Ecosystem Disasters in Yunnan Province, China	758	(6)
Chungcheng Li
Cong Lai
71 Spatial Distribution of Trace-Gas Emissions from Burning Crop Residue in China	764	(7)
Ya-hui Zhuang
Meiqiu Cao
Xiaoke Wang
Heng Yao
72 Forest Fires in China: Carbon Dioxide Emissions to the Atmosphere	771	(9)
Xiaoke Wang
Zongwei Feng
Ya-hui Zhuang
73 Atmospheric Impact of Cereal Waste-Burning in Spain	780	(7)
Agustin T. Ezcurra
I. Ortiz de Zarate
Jean-Pierre Lacaux
Pham-Van-Dinh
74 Trace-Gas Emissions from Biomass Burning in Australia	787	(8)
Dale F. Hurst
David W. T. Griffith
Garry D. Cook
VII Biomass Burning in the Boreal Ecosystem	795	(82)
75 Monitoring the 1992 Forest Fires in the Boreal Ecosystem Using NOAA AVHRR Satellite Imagery	795	(7)
Donald R. Cahoon, Jr.
Brian J. Stocks
Joel S. Levine
Wesley R. Cofer III
James A. Barber
76 Monitoring Large-Scale Forest Fire Behavior in Northeastern Siberia Using NOAA-AVHRR Satellite Imagery	802	(6)
Brian J. Stocks
Donald R. Cahoon, Jr.
Wesley R. Cofer III
Joel S. Levine
77 Estimating Fire-Related Carbon Flux in Alaskan Boreal Forests Using Multisensor Remote-Sensing Data	808	(19)
Nancy H. F. French
Eric S. Kasischke
Russell D. Johnson
Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez
Amanda L. Frick
Susan Ustin
78 Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in Alaskan Boreal Forests	827	(7)
Eric S. Kasischke
79 Emissions from Boreal Forest Fires: Are the Atmospheric Impacts Understimated?	834	(6)
Wesley R. Cofer III
Edward L. Winstead
Brian J. Stocks
Loyd W. Overbay
Johann G. Goldammer
Donald R. Cahoon
Joel S. Levine
80 Composition of Carbonaceous Smoke Particles from Prescribed Burning of a Canadian Boreal Forest: Organic Aerosol Characterization by Gas Chromatography	840	(8)
Monica Mazurek
Carl Laterza
Leonard Newman
Peter Daum
Wesley R. Cofer III
Joel S. Levine
Edward L. Winstead
81 Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia: The Bor Forest Island Fire Experiment Fire Research Campaign Asia-North (FIRESCAN)	848	(29)
FIRESCAN Science Team
VIII Oil Fires in Kuwait	877
82 Composition and Evolution of Aerosols in the Smoke Plumes from the 1991 Kuwait Oil Fires	877	(12)
Catherine F. Cahill
John A. Herring
Ronald J. Ferek
Peter V. Hobbs
83 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Radiative Characteristics of the Plume from the Kuwait Oil Fires	889	(5)
Irina Sokolik
Francisco P. J. Valero
Peter Pilewskie
84 Meteorological Effects of the Kuwait Oil Fires at Dhahran Air Base, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	894
Patrick K. Dowling
Joel S. Levine
Index	i1