Biomaterials Science : An Introduction to Materials in Medicine

by Ratner; Hoffman; Schoen; Lemons

• ISBN13: 9780125824613
• ISBN10: 0125824610
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-05-09
• Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology

Summary

This book introduces a subject that has profound impact on human health and considerable economic importance. The issues addressed include the biology, medical applications, markets, regulation, and ethical issues involved in biomaterials science. This spectrum of issues reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the field.

Table of Contents

Contributors	ix	(2)
Preface	xi
Biomaterials Science: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor	1	(10)
BUDDY D. RATNER
PART I MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	11	(122)
CHAPTER 1 Properties of Materials	11	(26)
1.1 Introduction	11	(1)
JACK E. LEMONS
1.2 Bulk Properties of Materials	11	(10)
FRANCIS W. COOKE
1.3 Surface Properties of Materials	21	(16)
BUDDY D. RATNER
CHAPTER 2 Classes of Materials Used in Medicine	37	(96)
2.1 Introduction	37	(1)
ALLAN S. HOFFMAN
2.2 Metals	37	(13)
JOHN B. BRUNSKI
2.3 Polymers	50	(10)
SUSAN A. VISSER
ROBERT W. HERGENROTHER
STUART L. COOPER
2.4 Hydrogels	60	(4)
NIKOLAOS A. PEPPAS
2.5 Bioresorbable and Bioerodible Materials	64	(9)
JOACHIM KOHN
ROBERT LANGER
2.6 Ceramics, Glasses, and Glass-Ceramics	73	(11)
LARRY L. HENCH
2.7 Natural Materials	84	(10)
IOANNIS V. YANNAS
2.8 Composites	94	(11)
HAROLD ALEXANDER
2.9 Thin Films, Grafts, and Coatings	105	(13)
BUDDY D. RATNER
ALLAN S. HOFFMAN
2.10 Fabrics	118	(6)
SHALABY W. SHALABY
2.11 Biologically Functional Materials	124	(9)
ALLAN S. HOFFMAN
PART II BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE	133	(282)
CHAPTER 3 Some Background Concepts	133	(32)
3.1 Introduction	133	(1)
BUDDY D. RATNER
3.2 Proteins: Structure, Properties, and Adsorption to Surfaces	133	(8)
THOMAS A. HORBETT
3.3 Cells: Their Surfaces and Interactions with Materials	141	(6)
JEFF M. SCHAKENRAAD
3.4 Tissues	147	(18)
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
CHAPTER 4 Host Reactions to Biomaterials and Their Evaluation	165	(50)
4.1 Introduction	165	(1)
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
4.2 Inflammation, Wound Healing, and the Foreign Body Response	165	(8)
JAMES M. ANDERSON
4.3 Immunology and the Complement System	173	(15)
RICHARD J. JOHNSON
4.4 Systemic Toxicity and Hypersensitivity	188	(5)
KATHARINE MERRITT
4.5 Blood Coagulation and Blood-Materials Interactions	193	(7)
STEPHEN R. HANSON
LAURENCE A. HARKER
4.6 Tumorigenesis and Biomaterials	200	(5)
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
4.7 Implant-Associated Infection	205	(10)
ANTHONY G. GRISTINA
PAUL T. NAYLOR
CHAPTER 5 Testing Biomaterials	215	(28)
5.1 Introduction	215	(1)
BUDDY D. RATNER
5.2 In Vitro Assessment of Tissue Compatibility	215	(5)
SHARON J. NORTHUP
5.3 In Vivo Assessment of Tissue Compatibility	220	(8)
MYRON SPECTOR
PEGGY A. LALOR
5.4 Testing of Blood-Materials Interactions	228	(10)
STEPHEN HANSON
BUDDY D. RATNER
5.5 Animal Models	238	(5)
BRAD H. VALE
JOHN E. WILLSON
STEVEN M. NIEMI
CHAPTER 6 Degradation of Materials in the Biological Environment	243	(40)
6.1 Introduction	243	(1)
BUDDY D. RATNER
6.2 Chemical and Biochemical Degradation of Polymers	243	(17)
ARTHUR J. COURY
6.3 Degradative Effects of the Biological Environment on Metals and Ceramics	260	(7)
DAVID F. WILLIAMS
RACHEL L. WILLIAMS
6.4 Mechanical Breakdown in the Biological Environment	267	(5)
CARL R. McMILLIN
6.5 Pathologic Calcification of Biomaterials	272	(11)
YASHWANT PATHAK
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
ROBERT J. LEVY
CHAPTER 7 Application of Materials in Medicine and Dentistry	283	(106)
7.1 Introduction	283	(1)
JACK E. LEMONS
7.2 Cardiovascular Applications	283	(14)
PAUL DIDISHEIM
JOHN T. WATSON
7.3 Nonthrombogenic Treatments and Strategies	297	(11)
SUNG WAN KIM
7.4 Dental Implants	308	(11)
JACK E. LEMONS
7.5 Adhesives and Sealants	319	(9)
DENNIS C. SMITH
7.6 Ophthalmologic Applications	328	(7)
MIGUEL F. REFOJO
7.7 Orthopedic Applications	335	(11)
J. LAWRENCE KATZ
7.8 Drug Delivery Systems	346	(10)
JORGE HELLER
7.9 Sutures	356	(4)
DENNIS GOUPIL
7.10 Burn Dressings	360	(11)
JEFFREY B. KANE
RONALD G. TOMPKINS
MARTIN L. YARMUSH
JOHN F. BURKE
7.11 Bioelectrodes	371	(4)
LOIS S. ROBBLEE
JAMES D. SWEENEY
7.12 Biomedical Sensors and Biosensors	375	(14)
PAUL YAGER
CHAPTER 8 Artificial Organs	389	(26)
8.1 Introduction	389	(1)
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
8.2 Implantable Pneumatic Artificial Hearts	389	(11)
KEVIN D. MURRAY
DON B. OLSEN
8.3 Extracorporeal Artificial Organs	400	(15)
PAUL S. MALCHESKY
PART III PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF BIOMATERIALS	415	(54)
CHAPTER 9 Implants and Devices	415	(42)
9.1 Introduction	415	(1)
FREDERICK J. SCHOEN
9.2 Sterilization of Implants	415	(5)
JOHN B. KOWALSKI
ROBERT F. MORRISSEY
9.3 Cardiovascular Implantation	420	(6)
LINDA M. GRAHAM
DIANA WHITTLESEY
BRIAN BEVACQUA
9.4 Dental Implantation	426	(9)
A. NORMAN CRANIN
ARAM SIRAKIAN
MICHAEL KLEIN
9.5 Ophthalmic Implantation	435	(8)
STEPHEN A. OBSTBAUM
9.6 Implant and Device Failure	443	(2)
ALLAN S. HOFFMAN
9.7 Correlations of Material Surface Properties with Biological Responses	445	(6)
BUDDY D. RATNER
9.8 Implant Retrieval and Evaluation	451	(6)
JAMES M. ANDERSON
CHAPTER 10 New Products and Standards	457	(8)
10.1 Introduction	457	(1)
JACK E. LEMONS
10.2 Voluntary Consensus Standards	457	(4)
STANLEY A. BROWN
10.3 Product Development and Regulation	461	(4)
NANCY B. MATEO
CHAPTER 11 Perspectives and Possibilities in Biomaterials Science	465	(4)
BUDDY D. RATNER
APPENDIX Properties of Biological Fluids	469	(4)
STEVEN M. SLACK
Index	473