Biomolecular Free Radical Toxicity Causes and Prevention

by Wiseman, Helen; Goldfarb, Peter; Ridgway, Tim; Wiseman, Alan

• ISBN13: 9780471490760
• ISBN10: 0471490768
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-11-17
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Biomolecular Free Radical Toxicity: Causes and Prevention provides a comprehensive overview of biomolecular injury. By discussing recent research and providing interpretations of the available data, this unique and timely book explores the causes of biomolecular injury and the possible routes to its prevention. Split into three sections, the book covers: * macromolecular mechanisms of injury and the role of antioxidants; * gene expression and cell mediated mechanisms of toxicity expression; and, * human and environmental health effects. Written by experts in the field, Biomolecular Free Radical Toxicity: Causes and Prevention will be invaluable to researchers specialising in food and nutrition-based toxicology, biomolecular sciences, biochemistry, genetics, environmental biomonitoring, drug metabolism and carcinogenesis.

Author Biography

Helen Wiseman is Lecturer in Nutritional Sciences in the Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division at King's College London.

Peter Goldfarb is professor of molecular biology at the School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey. His research interests include Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics.

Tim Ridgway is the author of Biomolecular Free Radical Toxicity: Causes and Prevention, published by Wiley.

Alan Wiseman is the author of Biomolecular Free Radical Toxicity: Causes and Prevention, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
MACROMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS	1	(100)
Membrane Lipid and Lipoprotein Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants	3	(44)
Helen Wiseman
Tim Ridgway
Membrane structural and functional features	3	(1)
Oxidative biomolecular injury to membrane lipids	4	(2)
Membrane fatty acids in oxidative biomolecular injury	6	(1)
Prevention of oxidative biomolecular injury by antioxidants in the diet	7	(15)
Dietary modulation of membrane fluidity and of enzyme and receptor activity	22	(2)
Dietary modulation of membranes in disease treatment and prevention?	24	(5)
Lipoprotein particle injury in atherogenesis	29	(6)
Future prospects for antioxidant protection against membrane lipid and lipoprotein injury and for dietary modulation of membrane function in disease prevention	35	(1)
References	36	(11)
DNA Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants	47	(26)
Richard J. Hambly
Oxidative DNA damage	47	(3)
Endogenous cellular antioxidant defences	50	(1)
Oxidative DNA damage and cancer	51	(2)
Dietary antioxidants	53	(2)
Specific antioxidants	55	(3)
Vitamins	58	(5)
References	63	(10)
Protein Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants	73	(28)
Barbara R. Evans
Jonathan Woodward
Oxidative damage to proteins: causes and mechanism	73	(7)
Antioxidants and their application	80	(8)
Two case studies of effects of oxidants	88	(4)
References	92	(9)
GENE EXPRESSION AND CELL MEDIATED MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY EXPRESSION	101	(68)
Xenobiotic Metabolism and Bioactivation by Cytochromes P-450	103	(42)
Costas Ioannides
Metabolism of xenobiotics	104	(1)
Bioactivation of xenobiotics	104	(7)
Chemical carcinogenesis	111	(2)
Cytochromes P-450	113	(3)
Induction and inhibition of cytochromes P-450	116	(3)
Genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P-450 expression	119	(1)
Cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of drugs and bioactivation of chemical carcinogens	119	(12)
Cytochrome P-450 induction and chemical carcinogenesis: the Ah receptor	131	(3)
Conclusions	134	(1)
References	135	(10)
Apoptosis Triggered by Free Radicals: Role in Human Diseases	145	(24)
George E.N. Kass
Sek C. Chow
Sten Orrenius
Introduction	145	(1)
Cell death in tissues: apoptosis and programmed cell death	146	(2)
Apoptosis: morphological and biochemical considerations	148	(2)
Free radicals and apoptosis	150	(2)
Free radicals and cell death: apoptosis versus necrosis	152	(1)
Mechanisms of free radical-induced apoptosis	153	(3)
Mitochondria as molecular convergence point for free radical-induced cell death: apoptosis versus necrosis	156	(2)
Caspases as targets for free radicals in necrosis	158	(1)
Conclusions and perspectives	159	(1)
References	160	(9)
HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS	169	(64)
Dietary Phytoestrogens, Oestrogens and Tamoxifen: Mechanisms of Action in Modulation of Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention of Heart Disease	171	(38)
Helen Wiseman
Dietary phytoestrogens, oestrogens and tamoxifen: role in modulation of breast cancer risk and in heart disease prevention	171	(1)
Oestrogens and risk of breast cancer	172	(4)
Oestrogens in cardioprotection	176	(1)
The anticancer drug tamoxifen	177	(2)
Tamoxifen metabolism in humans	179	(1)
Tamoxifen as a protective agent against heart disease	180	(5)
Dietary phytoestrogens	185	(1)
Dietary sources, metabolism and bioactivity of isoflavone and lignan phytoestrogens	185	(5)
Health protection by phytoestrogens	190	(5)
Protection by phytoestrogens against cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis	195	(2)
Phytoestrogens: the dangers versus future dietary benefits and use in nutraceutical supplements	197	(2)
References	199	(10)
Strategies for the Removal of Ecotoxicants: Environmental Oestrogens and Oestrogen-Mimics	209	(24)
Tim Ridgway
Helen Wiseman
Oestrogen mimicry in the environment	209	(5)
Development of replacement materials for xenoestrogen avoidance	214	(1)
Activated-carbon filtration of water in the removal of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	215	(1)
Use of charged suspended-particles to remove environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	215	(1)
Chemical catalysis for the removal of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	216	(1)
Use of enzymic catalysis in the removal of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	217	(5)
Microbial bioremediation of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	222	(1)
The use of plants for bioremediation of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	223	(1)
A healthy biosphere: progress towards `Techno-Gaia'	224	(1)
Biomonitoring of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics: leading to ecorestoration?	225	(1)
Prediction of oestrogen-mimicry by biomolecular modelling techniques	225	(2)
Conclusions on ecorestoration after biomonitoring of environmental oestrogens and oestrogen-mimics	227	(6)
Index	233