Biophysics

by Dillon, Patrick F.

• ISBN13: 9781107001442
• ISBN10: 1107001447
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781139211062
• Additional ISBN(s): 9781139209540
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-02-27
• Publisher: Cambridge Univ Pr
• More Book Details

Summary

Specifically tailored to life science students, this textbook explains quantitative aspects of human biophysics with examples drawn from contemporary physiology, genetics and nanobiology. It outlines important physical ideas, equations and examples at the heart of contemporary physiology, along with the organization necessary to understand that knowledge. The wide range of biophysical topics covered include energetics, bond formation and dissociation, diffusion and directed transport, muscle and connective tissue physics, fluid flow, membrane structure, electrical properties and transport, pharmacokinetics and system dynamics and stability. Enabling students to understand the uses of quantitation in modern biology, equations are presented in the context of their application, rather than derivation. They are each directed toward the understanding of a biological principle, with a particular emphasis on human biology. Supplementary resources, including a range of test questions, are available at www.cambridge.org/9781107001442.

Author Biography

Patrick F. Dillon is Professor in the Department of Physiology at Michigan State University. He has taught physiology for more than 30 years, ranging from high school to medical school level. He was awarded the Outstanding Faculty Award from Michigan State University in recognition of his teaching achievements.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction	p. xiii
The energy around us	p. 1
Forms of energy	p. 1
Ambient energy	p. 3
Molecular energy	p. 5
Molecular energy absorbance	p. 6
Molecular transduction	p. 7
Ionizing radiation	p. 9
Magnetic resonance	p. 11
Sound	p. 16
Molecular contacts	p. 21
Dissociation constants	p. 21
Promotor sites and autoimmune diseases	p. 24
Methods of measuring dissociation constants	p. 30
Metal-molecular coordination bonds	p. 33
Hydrogen bonds	p. 37
Non-bonded molecular interactions	p. 43
Diffusion and directed transport	p. 50
Forces and flows	p. 50
Fick's laws of diffusion	p. 55
Brownian motion	p. 58
Physiological diffusion of ions and molecules	p. 60
Molecular motors	p. 68
Intracellular cargo transport	p. 76
Energy production	p. 80
Energetics of human performance	p. 80
ATP, ADP and Pi	p. 82
Phosphocreatine	p. 86
Glycolysis	p. 90
Mitochondria	p. 92
Force and movement	p. 97
The skeletal length-tension relation	p. 97
Muscle contractions after windup	p. 100
Cardiac and smooth muscle length-tension relations	p. 101
The Hill formalism of the crossbridge cycle	p. 103
Muscle shortening, lengthening and power	p. 105
Calcium dependence of muscle velocity	p. 110
Smooth muscle latch	p. 113
Muscle tension transients	p. 114
The Law of Laplace for hollow organs	p. 116
Non-muscle motility	p. 119
Load bearing	p. 123
Stress and strain	p. 123
Teeth and bone	p. 125
Blood vessels	p. 130
Tendons, ligaments and cartilage	p. 138
Fluid and air flow	p. 144
Fluid properties	p. 144
Synovial fluid flow	p. 150
Arterial blood flow	p. 151
Arteriole blood flow	p. 154
Viscosity and hematocrit	p. 157
Arterial stenosis	p. 160
Arterial asymmetry: atherosclerosis and buckling	p. 162
Lung air flow	p. 165
Biophysical interfaces: surface tension and membrane structural properties	p. 169
Surface tension	p. 169
Action of surfactant on lung surface tension	p. 174
Membrane lipids	p. 175
Membrane curvature	p. 177
Membrane protein and carbohydrate environment	p. 179
Membrane protein transporters	p. 182
Membrane organization	p. 187
Ultrasonic pore formation	p. 191
Membrane diffusion and viscoelasticity	p. 192
Membrane ethanol effects	p. 195
Membrane electrical properties	p. 199
Membrane potential	p. 199
Goldman and Nernst equations	p. 203
The dielectric constant of water and water surface binding	p. 206
Induced dipole orientation in solution	p. 208
Membrane electric field complex dissociation	p. 211
Membrane electrical conductance	p. 217
The electrocardiogram	p. 221
Channel ion selectivity	p. 223
Agonist activation and analysis	p. 230
Membrane receptor proteins	p. 230
Pharmacokinetics	p. 233
The dose-response curve and the Hill equation	p. 239
Intracellular molecular diffusion and elimination	p. 240
Statistical analysis	p. 245
Drug development and orphan diseases	p. 251
Stability, complexity and non-linear systems	p. 256
System control	p. 257
Negative feedback and metabolic control	p. 260
Positive feedback	p. 264
Models of state stability	p. 267
State transitions	p. 269
Non-linear systems: fractals and chaos	p. 274
Apoptosis	p. 281
Concluding remarks	p. 285
Index	p. 286
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