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Biosecurity and Bioterrorism is the first book to take a holistic approach to biosecurity with coverage of pathogens, prevention and response methodology. The book is organized into four thematic sections: Part I provides a conceptual understanding of biowarfare, bioterrorism and the laws we have to counteract this; Part II investigates known bioagents and the threat from emerging diseases; Part III focuses on agricultural terrorism and food security; Part IV outlines international, US, and local initiatives for biodefense and biosecurity. Case studies illustrate biodefense against both intentional terrorism and natural outbreaks. The authors bring an extraordinary combination of experience in academia and the clinical world, as well as real-world experience in technical and practical matters, to their writing. They make technical material clear and fascinating for readers with a basic knowledge of biology. Ryan and Glarum address the hazards in the context of vulnerability assessments and the planning strategies government and industry can take to prepare for and respond to such events. * How are these agents used in biowarfare? * How likely are we to face either a natural outbreak or intentional human/animal infection? * How can we prepare for this effectively?

Jeffrey R. Ryan, PhD is a retired US Army officer, and currently teaches in the Department of Emergency Management at Jacksonville State University Jan F. Glarum is currently working with the US Department of Justice, the US Department of Homeland Security, and the US Navy

Foreword	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Biosecurity, Biodefense, and the Reason for Them	p. 1
Seeds of Destruction	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
The Reality versus the Potential	p. 5
The History of Biowarfare	p. 7
Modern-Day Bioterrorism	p. 15
Weaponization	p. 16
A Question of Scale	p. 18
The Genesis of Biosecurity and Biodefense	p. 18
Essential Terminology	p. 19
Discussion Questions	p. 20
Web Sites	p. 20
References	p. 20
Recognition of Biological Threat	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Bacterial Pathogens	p. 25
Rickettsial Pathogens	p. 27
Viral Pathogens	p. 27
Prions	p. 29
Fungal Pathogens	p. 29
Biological Toxins	p. 30
Disease	p. 30
Tiered Diagnosis	p. 32
Probability of Use	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 36
Essential Terminology	p. 36
Discussion Questions	p. 37
Web Sites	p. 37
References	p. 38
The Threat to Human Health	p. 39
Category A Diseases and Agents	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Anthrax	p. 42
Plague	p. 47
Tularemia	p. 51
Smallpox	p. 55
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers	p. 59
Botulism	p. 65
Essential Terminology	p. 69
Discussion Questions	p. 69
Web Site	p. 69
References	p. 70
Category B Diseases and Agents	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Brucellosis	p. 74
Glanders and Melioidosis	p. 79
Q Fever	p. 82
Psittacosis	p. 87
Viral Encephalitis	p. 90
Ricin Poisoning	p. 94
Conclusion	p. 96
Essential Terminology	p. 96
Discussion Questions	p. 97
Web Sites	p. 97
References	p. 98
Category C Diseases and Agents	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Nipah Virus	p. 103
Hantavirus	p. 105
West Nile Virus	p. 110
SARS Virus	p. 113
Conclusion	p. 115
Essential Terminology	p. 115
Web Sites	p. 116
References	p. 116
Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, and Notify	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Community Response Organizations	p. 120
The Concept of RAIN	p. 122
Recognition	p. 122
Sampling and Detection Methods	p. 124
Avoidance	p. 130
Isolation	p. 131
Notification	p. 133
Conclusion	p. 133
Essential Terminology	p. 133
Discussion Questions	p. 134
Web Sites	p. 134
References	p. 135
Case Studies	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Anthrax, Sverdlovsk, USSR, 1979: Accidental Release of Weaponized Material	p. 138
Salmonellosis and the Rajneesh, the Dalles, Oregon, USA, 1984: Intentional Food-Borne Outbreak	p. 140
Pneumonic Plague, Surat, India, 1994: Natural Outbreak	p. 142
Amerithrax, USA, 2001: Intentional Release of a Formulated Agent	p. 144
Ricin and the Amateur Bioterrorist, USA, 2004: Intentional Release	p. 147
Norwalk Virus, Queen of the West Cruise Ship, Coastal Oregon, USA, 2002: Accidental Exposure	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 150
Essential Terminology	p. 151
Web Sites	p. 151
Discussion Questions	p. 151
References	p. 152
The Threat to Agriculture	p. 153
Biological Threat to Agriculture	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
The Importance of Agriculture	p. 156
Foreign Animal Diseases	p. 157
Agroterrorism	p. 162
Biosecurity from Field to Fork	p. 168
Animal Disease Outbreak Response	p. 171
Food Safety	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 181
Essential Terminology	p. 182
Discussion Questions	p. 182
Web Sites	p. 182
References	p. 183
Recent Animal Disease Outbreaks and Lessons Learned	p. 185
Introduction	p. 185
Foot-and-Mouth Disease	p. 187
Avian Influenza	p. 190
Classical Swine Fever	p. 192
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy	p. 192
Case Studies	p. 194
Protecting the Food Chain from BSE	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 201
Essential Terminology	p. 202
Discussion Questions	p. 203
Suggested Reading	p. 203
Web Sites	p. 203
References	p. 204
Initiatives, Issues, Assets, and Programs	p. 207
Legal Aspects of Biosecurity	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Legislation and Presidential Directives	p. 213
Public Health and the Application of Law	p. 218
Transporting Biohazardous Materials	p. 224
Conclusion	p. 224
Essential Terminology	p. 224
Discussion Questions	p. 226
Web Sites	p. 226
References on HIPAA	p. 226
References	p. 226
Response at the State and Local Level	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Recognition: Surveillance	p. 231
Command and Coordination	p. 233
Response: Safety	p. 239
Response: Biosampling	p. 242
Response: Containment	p. 246
Conclusion	p. 249
Web Sites	p. 251
References	p. 251
Biosecurity Programs and Assets	p. 253
Introduction	p. 254
Mitigation: Establishing Policy and Oversight	p. 255
Preparedness	p. 260
Response and Recovery	p. 268
Conclusion	p. 275
Essential Terminology	p. 276
Discussion Questions	p. 278
Web Sites	p. 278
References	p. 278
Consequence Management and a Model Program	p. 281
Introduction	p. 281
Consequence Management	p. 284
Autonomous Detection Systems	p. 285
The Biohazard Detection System	p. 287
United States Postal Service CONOPS	p. 294
Conclusion	p. 297
Essential Terminology	p. 297
Discussion Questions	p. 298
Web Site	p. 298
References	p. 298
Future Directions for Biosecurity	p. 299
Introduction	p. 299
The Dark Specter of Terrorism	p. 304
New Strategies for Prevention, Preparedness, and Containment	p. 306
The Future of Biodefense Research	p. 309
Conclusion	p. 311
Essential Terminology	p. 312
Discussion Questions	p. 312
Web Sites	p. 313
References	p. 313
Index	p. 315
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