Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 8th Edition

by Wayne W. Daniel (Georgia State University, USA)

• ISBN13: 9780471456544
• ISBN10: 0471456543
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

This classic text takes an applied and computer-oriented approach to its topical coverage. The book is intended for one or two semester courses in biostatistics at the undergraduate or graduate level offered by departments of biostatistics, statistics, mathematics, nursing and other allied health disciplines, and is also used in some departments of forestry and animal husbandry. Nearly all the examples and exercises make use of real data from actual research projects and reports from health sciences literature. Where appropriate, Minitab, SPSS and SAS commands and printouts are included as part of the examples and solutions to exercises.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Biostatistics	1	(14)
Introduction	1	(1)
Some Basic Concepts	2	(3)
Measurement and Measurement Scales	5	(2)
The Simple Random Sample	7	(4)
Computers and Biostatistical Analysis	11	(1)
Summary	12	(3)
Review Questions and Exercises	12	(1)
References	13	(2)
Descriptive Statistics	15	(44)
Introduction	15	(1)
The Ordered Array	16	(1)
Grouped Data---The Frequency Distribution	17	(18)
Descriptive Statistics---Measures of Central Tendency	35	(4)
Descriptive Statistics---Measures of Dispersion	39	(11)
Summary	50	(9)
Review Questions and Exercises	50	(7)
References	57	(2)
Some Basic Probability Concepts	59	(28)
Introduction	59	(1)
Two Views of Probability---Objective and Subjective	60	(2)
Elementary Properties of Probability	62	(1)
Calculating the Probability of an Event	63	(10)
Bayes's Theorem, Screening Tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value Positive and Negative	73	(5)
Summary	78	(9)
Review Questions and Exercises	79	(6)
References	85	(2)
Probability Distributions	87	(42)
Introduction	87	(1)
Probability Distributions of Discrete Variables	87	(6)
The Binomial Distribution	93	(10)
The Poisson Distribution	103	(6)
Continuous Probability Distributions	109	(2)
The Normal Distribution	111	(7)
Normal Distribution Applications	118	(6)
Summary	124	(5)
Review Questions and Exercises	124	(3)
References	127	(2)
Some Important Sampling Distributions	129	(27)
Introduction	129	(1)
Sampling Distributions	129	(2)
Distribution of the Sample Mean	131	(9)
Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Means	140	(5)
Distribution of the Sample Proportion	145	(4)
Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Proportions	149	(3)
Summary	152	(4)
Review Questions and Exercises	152	(2)
References	154	(2)
Estimation	156	(55)
Introduction	156	(4)
Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	160	(7)
The t Distribution	167	(6)
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means	173	(9)
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	182	(2)
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions	184	(2)
Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Means	186	(3)
Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Proportions	189	(2)
Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Normally Distributed Population	191	(5)
Confidence Interval for the Ratio of the Variances of Two Normally Distributed Populations	196	(4)
Summary	200	(11)
Review Questions and Exercises	201	(6)
References	207	(4)
Hypothesis Testing	211	(92)
Introduction	211	(7)
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Mean	218	(17)
Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Means	235	(14)
Paired Comparisons	249	(9)
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Proportion	258	(2)
Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Proportions	260	(3)
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Variance	263	(3)
Hypothesis Testing: The Ratio of Two Population Variances	266	(4)
The Type II Error and the Power of a Test	270	(5)
Determining Sample Size to Control Type II Errors	275	(3)
Summary	278	(25)
Review Questions and Exercises	278	(19)
References	297	(6)
Analysis of Variance	303	(107)
Introduction	303	(3)
The Completely Randomized Design	306	(26)
The Randomized Complete Block Design	332	(13)
The Repeated Measures Design	345	(7)
The Factorial Experiment	352	(16)
Summary	368	(42)
Review Questions and Exercises	368	(36)
References	404	(6)
Simple Linear Regression and Correlation	410	(77)
Introduction	410	(1)
The Regression Model	411	(3)
The Sample Regression Equation	414	(10)
Evaluating the Regression Equation	424	(13)
Using the Regression Equation	437	(3)
The Correlation Model	440	(3)
The Correlation Coefficient	443	(13)
Some Precautions	456	(2)
Summary	458	(29)
Review Questions and Exercises	459	(24)
References	483	(4)
Multiple Regression and Correlation	487	(50)
Introduction	487	(1)
The Multiple Linear Regression Model	488	(2)
Obtaining the Multiple Regression Equation	490	(10)
Evaluating the Multiple Regression Equation	500	(6)
Using the Multiple Regression Equation	506	(2)
The Multiple Correlation Model	508	(14)
Summary	522	(15)
Review Questions and Exercises	522	(13)
References	535	(2)
Regression Analysis---Some Additional Techniques	537	(56)
Introduction	537	(1)
Qualitative Independent Variables	538	(17)
Variable Selection Procedures	555	(11)
Logistic Regression	566	(8)
Summary	574	(19)
Review Questions and Exercises	575	(15)
References	590	(3)
The Chi-Square Distribution and the Analysis of Frequencies	593	(87)
Introduction	593	(1)
The Mathematical Properties of the Chi-Square Distribution	594	(3)
Tests of Goodness-of-Fit	597	(14)
Tests of Independence	611	(11)
Tests of Homogeneity	622	(7)
The Fisher Exact Test	629	(5)
Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic	634	(13)
Survival Analysis	647	(15)
Summary	662	(18)
Review Questions and Exercises	662	(12)
References	674	(6)
Nonparametric and Distribution-Free Statistics	680	(83)
Introduction	680	(1)
Measurement Scales	681	(1)
The Sign Test	682	(10)
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Location	692	(5)
The Median Test	697	(4)
The Mann--Whitney Test	701	(7)
The Kolmogorov--Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test	708	(7)
The Kruskal--Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks	715	(9)
The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks	724	(6)
The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient	730	(10)
Nonparametric Regression Analysis	740	(3)
Summary	743	(20)
Review Questions and Exercises	743	(16)
References	759	(4)
Vital Statistics	763
Introduction	763	(1)
Death Rates and Ratios	764	(8)
Measures of Fertility	772	(3)
Measures of Morbidity	775	(2)
Summary	777
Review Questions and Exercises	777	(4)
References	781
Appendix: Statistical Tables	1	(105)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	106
Index	1