Following the structure of the first edition, this carefully revised and updated new edition is of vital importance to those working in the fisheries and aquaculture industries. As well as the inclusion of a new chapter covering the emerging fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, this exciting new edition provides new and enhanced information on all major areas of importance in this field, including the following: conservation genetics, forensic applications, identification of animals to family level, genome mapping, disease identification, the use of triploidy in reducing the genetic impact of escapees, and the use of GMOs in the industry.

Author Biography

About the Authors: Andy Beaumont and Kathrin Hoare are at the School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK. Pierre Boudry is at IFREMER, Plouzane, France.

Preface to the second edition	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
What is genetic variation?	p. 1
Deoxyribose nucleic acid	p. 1
Ribose nucleic acid	p. 5
What is the genetic code?	p. 7
Protein structure	p. 7
So what about chromosomes?	p. 9
How does sexual reproduction produce variation?	p. 11
Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA	p. 16
How can genetic variation be measured?	p. 19
DNA sequence variation	p. 19
DNA fragment size variation	p. 36
Protein variation	p. 44
Phenotypic variation	p. 47
Genetic structure in natural populations	p. 49
What is a population?	p. 49
How are allele frequencies estimated?	p. 51
What is the relationship between alleles and genotypes?	p. 51
How do allele frequencies change over time?	p. 53
How does population structure arise?	p. 54
How are genetic markers used to study population structure?	p. 55
Levels of genetic differentiation in aquatic organisms	p. 60
Potential problems with allozymes and coding markers	p. 61
mtDNA variation	p. 63
Microsatellite variation	p. 66
Population structure in the flat oyster	p. 68
Mixed stock analysis (MSA)	p. 73
Genetics of population size in conservation and aquaculture	p. 77
Genetics of small population size in the wild	p. 78
Genetic markers in conservation	p. 82
Genetics of small population size in the hatchery	p. 85
Is there evidence of loss of genetic variation in the hatchery?	p. 87
How does hatchery propagation affect heterozygosity?	p. 89
Genetic markers for identification of hatchery product	p. 93
Genetic markers for pathogen identification	p. 94
Genetic variation of traits	p. 99
Qualitative traits	p. 99
Quantitative traits	p. 105
What kinds of traits are important?	p. 106
Variation of a quantitative trait	p. 106
How can we estimate narrow-sense heritability?	p. 109
Realised heritability	p. 115
Correlated traits	p. 118
What types of artificial selections are there?	p. 118
Setting up a breeding programme	p. 122
Inbreeding, cross-breeding and hybridisation	p. 123
Current status of selective breeding programmes in aquaculture	p. 126
From genetics to genomics	p. 129
What is the genome?	p. 129
Genome mapping	p. 130
Whole genome sequencing: the 'big picture'	p. 137
QTL mapping	p. 137
Application of QTLs in aquaculture and fisheries management	p. 138
Marker-assisted selection (MAS): from QTLs to genomic selection	p. 139
Transcriptomics	p. 139
Triploids and beyond: why manipulate ploidy?	p. 145
How is it done?	p. 146
Production of gynogens and androgens	p. 148
Identification of ploidy change	p. 149
Value of Triploids	p. 151
Tetraploids	p. 155
Gynogens and androgens	p. 157
Genetic engineering in aquaculture	p. 161
The DNA construct	p. 162
Transgene delivery	p. 164
Transgene integration	p. 168
Detecting integration and expression of the transgene	p. 169
Results of transgenesis efforts in fish	p. 171
So much for transgenics-what about cloning?	p. 176
Genethics	p. 176
Glossary	p. 181
Index	p. 193
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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