Blueprints and Plans for Hvac

by Moravek,Joseph

• ISBN13: 9781401818173
• ISBN10: 140181817X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-08-14
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Learn how to read and use blueprints like a pro! Air conditioning drawings and hands-on exercises are the main focus of this new book, designed to help readers master the basics of blueprint reading and apply their new skills to work in the HVAC trade. Ideal for both technical students and entry-level HVAC field technicians alike, Blueprints and Plans for HVAC, 2E begins by reviewing basic mathematic procedures and safety considerations. Chapters that follow provide opportunities to gain first-hand experience in key areas, such as: using the architect's and engineer's scale, creating and using working and construction drawings, freehand sketching and drafting with instruments, and more! The final section of this all-inclusive book goes beyond basic concepts, enabling users to gain valuable skills in reading and interpreting architectural, ductwork, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing plans.

Author Biography

Joseph P. Moravek earned his Masters Degree in Education, and is currently an HVAC instructor at Lee College in Baytown, Texas

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
New to this Edition	xii
Acknowledgments	xiii
PART I---BLUEPRINT READING
Review of Basic Mathematical Procedures	3	(10)
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Whole Numbers	4	(1)
Fractions	5	(1)
Determining the Perimeter of a Square or Rectangle	6	(1)
Determining the Area of a Square or Rectangle	6	(1)
Determining the Area of a Triangle	6	(1)
Determining the Area of a Circle	7	(1)
Determining the Circumference of a Circle	7	(1)
Determining Volume	7	(1)
Equations	7	(1)
Additional Problems	8	(1)
Applied Math	8	(5)
Answers to Self-test Questions	10	(3)
Safety	13	(4)
Objectives	13	(1)
Introduction	13	(1)
Safety Rules for the Blueprint Room and Drafting Room	13	(1)
Safety Rules for Technicians on the Job Site	14	(1)
Safety---Federal Law	15	(2)
Summary	16	(1)
Review Questions	16	(1)
Linear Measurement	17	(6)
Objectives	17	(1)
Introduction	17	(1)
The English System and the Metric System	18	(1)
Reduced Scales	18	(1)
The One-inch Graduation	18	(1)
The One-foot Graduation	19	(1)
The One-yard Graduation	19	(1)
Linear Measurement Instruments	20	(1)
Decimals and Fractions	20	(3)
Summary	21	(1)
Review Questions	21	(2)
Angular Measurement	23	(8)
Objectives	23	(1)
Introduction	23	(1)
Angular Measurements in a Circle	24	(1)
Four Kinds of Angles	25	(1)
Angles of a Triangle	26	(1)
Using the Protractor	27	(1)
Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds	27	(4)
Summary	28	(1)
Review Questions	28	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Measuring Angles	29	(2)
Learning to Use the Architect's Scale	31	(6)
Objectives	31	(1)
Introduction	31	(1)
The Architect's Scale Rule	31	(1)
Understanding the Architect's Scale Rule	32	(1)
Practicing with the One-inch Scale	33	(1)
Using the One-half Inch Scale	33	(1)
Using Other Scales	34	(1)
The Most Commonly Used Scales on the Architect's Scale Rule	34	(3)
Summary	35	(1)
Review Questions	36	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Using the Architect's Scale	36	(1)
Learning to Use the Engineer's Scale	37	(6)
Objectives	37	(1)
Introduction	37	(1)
The Engineer's Scale Rule	37	(1)
What Makes the Engineer's Scale Unique	38	(1)
Using the Engineer's Scale Rule	38	(1)
Commonly Used Scales on the Engineer's Scale Rule	39	(4)
Summary	40	(1)
Review Questions	41	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Using the Engineer's Scale	41	(2)
Symbols and Abbreviations	43	(6)
Objectives	43	(1)
Introduction	43	(1)
Standardized Abbreviations and Symbols	43	(1)
Variations in Abbreviations	44	(1)
Variations in Symbol	44	(1)
Legend and Symbol Schedules	45	(1)
Abbreviations and Symbols Used Together	45	(1)
Examples of Abbreviations and Symbols	46	(3)
Summary	46	(1)
Review Questions	47	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Freehand Drawing of Symbols	48	(1)
How Working Drawings are Created	49	(8)
Objectives	49	(1)
Introduction	49	(1)
What are Working Drawings?	49	(1)
How are Working Drawings Manually Created?	50	(1)
How are Working Drawings Created with a Computer?	51	(3)
Drawing Paper or Film Used for Working Drawings	54	(1)
Sepia Drawings	54	(1)
Who Makes Working Drawings?	54	(3)
Summary	55	(1)
Review Questions	55	(2)
Categories of Working Drawings	57	(8)
Objectives	57	(1)
Introduction	57	(1)
Major Categories of Working Drawings	57	(1)
Site Work Section	58	(1)
General Construction Section	58	(1)
Structural Section	59	(1)
Plumbing Section	60	(1)
The Mechanical Plan Section	61	(1)
Electrical Section	61	(4)
Summary	62	(1)
Review Questions	62	(3)
Sections, Elevations, and Details	65	(10)
Objectives	65	(1)
Introduction	65	(1)
Sections	65	(2)
Elevations	67	(1)
Details	68	(7)
Summary	70	(1)
Review Questions	70	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Extra Chapter 10 Review	71	(4)
Creating Construction Drawings	75	(8)
Objectives	75	(1)
Introduction	75	(1)
How Construction Drawings Got the Name ``Blueprint''	75	(2)
The Diazo Process for Making Construction Drawings	77	(2)
The Electrostatic Printing Process	79	(1)
Other Methods of Printing Construction Drawings	80	(1)
Microfilm and Computer Disk Storage of Drawings	81	(2)
Summary	81	(1)
Review Questions	81	(2)
Who Uses Construction Drawings	83	(4)
Objectives	83	(1)
Introduction	83	(1)
Plan Review and Approval by the Owner	83	(1)
Review and Approval by Building Construction Agencies	84	(1)
Contractors for Bidding (pricing)	84	(1)
Equipment Suppliers	84	(1)
Construction Plans for Construction Contractors	84	(1)
As-built Drawings and Record Drawings Made From Construction Drawings	85	(2)
Summary	85	(1)
Review Questions	85	(2)
Specifications	87	(6)
Objectives	87	(1)
Introduction	87	(1)
Division 1---General Requirements	88	(1)
Division 2---Site Work	88	(1)
Division 3---Concrete	88	(1)
Division 4---Masonry	88	(1)
Division 5---Metals	88	(1)
Division 6---Wood and Plastics	89	(1)
Division 7---Thermal and Moisture Protection	89	(1)
Division 8---Doors and Windows	89	(1)
Division 9---Finishes	89	(1)
Division 10---Specialties	89	(1)
Division 11---Equipment	89	(1)
Division 12---Furnishings	89	(1)
Division 13---Special Construction	90	(1)
Division 14---Conveying Systems	90	(1)
Division 15---Mechanical	90	(1)
Division 16---Plumbing	90	(1)
Division 17---Electrical	90	(3)
Responsibility and Liability	90	(1)
Summary	91	(1)
Review Questions	91	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Matching Specifications	92	(1)
Title Blocks	93	(8)
Objectives	93	(1)
Introduction	93	(2)
The Name of the Job	95	(1)
The Architect's And/or Engineer's Name	95	(1)
Sheet Title	95	(1)
Numbering the Sheets in a Set of Drawings	95	(1)
Revisions	96	(1)
Dates on Working Drawings (Construction Drawings)	96	(1)
Names or Initials Found in the Title Block	96	(1)
The Scale Used for the Drawing	96	(1)
The Architect's and Engineer's Seal	96	(1)
The Liability Note	97	(4)
Summary	98	(1)
Review Questions	98	(3)
PART II---FREEHAND SKETCHING AND DRAFTING
Types and Weights of Lines	101	(8)
Objectives	101	(1)
Introduction	101	(1)
Schedule of Lines Used in Drafting and Freehand Sketching	101	(1)
Lines Drawn with Pencils	102	(1)
Object Lines	102	(2)
Hidden Lines	104	(1)
Extension and Dimension Lines	104	(1)
Construction Lines	104	(1)
Projection Lines	104	(1)
Center Lines	104	(1)
Cutting Plane Lines	104	(2)
Break Lines	106	(1)
Border Lines	107	(1)
Schedule of Lines Used in Offices	107	(2)
Summary	107	(1)
Review Questions	107	(2)
Orthographic Projection	109	(14)
Objectives	109	(1)
Introduction	109	(1)
The Viewing Plane	109	(1)
Combining Viewing Planes	110	(1)
Types of Lines Used in Orthographic Projection	111	(1)
Using Orthographic Projection to Construct the Three Basic Views	112	(1)
Selecting the Proper Views	113	(1)
Working Drawings and Orthographic Projection	114	(9)
Summary	118	(1)
Review Questions	118	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Completing Orthographic Projection Views	119	(4)
Oblique Drawings	123	(8)
Objectives	123	(1)
Introduction	123	(1)
How Oblique Drawings are Created	123	(2)
Using the Architect's Scale for Oblique Drawings	125	(1)
Lines Drawn on Oblique Drawings	126	(2)
Variations in Oblique Drawings	128	(3)
Summary	128	(1)
Review Questions	128	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Constructing Oblique Drawings	128	(3)
Isometric Drawings	131	(16)
Objectives	131	(1)
Introduction	131	(1)
How Isometric Drawings are Drawn	132	(3)
A Variation of Isometric Drawings	135	(2)
Isometric Piping Diagram	137	(3)
Where Isometric Drawings are Used	140	(7)
Summary	140	(1)
Review Questions	141	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Freehand Sketching Isometric Views	141	(6)
Lettering and Notations	147	(10)
Objectives	147	(1)
Introduction	147	(1)
Uppercase Lettering	147	(1)
Lowercase Lettering	148	(1)
Lettering Numerals	149	(2)
Size and Spacing of Letters and Numerals	151	(1)
Wording Notations for Blueprints	152	(5)
Summary	153	(1)
Review Questions	154	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Practice Forming Letters	154	(3)
Organizing a Drawing Sheet	157	(4)
Objectives	157	(1)
Introduction	157	(1)
Creating a Basic Schedule of Plans	157	(1)
A System for Organizing a Job	158	(1)
Organizing Individual Drawing Sheets	158	(3)
Summary	159	(1)
Review Questions	159	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Constructing Project Plan Booklets	159	(2)
Shading and Crosshatching	161	(8)
Objectives	161	(1)
Introduction	161	(1)
Crosshatching	161	(1)
Poche	162	(1)
Combination of Crosshatching and Poche	163	(1)
Shading Drawings	164	(1)
Procedures for Shading Oblique and Isometric Drawings	164	(5)
Summary	165	(1)
Review Questions	166	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Shading and Crosshatching	166	(3)
Drawing Construction Elevations	169	(4)
Objectives	169	(1)
Introduction	169	(1)
Exterior Elevations	169	(1)
Interior Elevations	170	(1)
Mechanical Elevations	171	(1)
Electrical Elevations	171	(1)
Plumbing Elevations	171	(2)
Summary	172	(1)
Review Questions	172	(1)
Drawing Construction Details	173	(6)
Objectives	173	(1)
Introduction	173	(1)
What Details Should Be Drawn	174	(1)
Site Details	174	(1)
Structural Details	174	(1)
Architectural Details	174	(1)
Mechanical Details	175	(1)
Plumbing Details	175	(1)
Electrical Details	176	(1)
Locating Details on the Sheet	176	(1)
Drawing Details	176	(3)
Summary	176	(1)
Review Questions	177	(2)
Freehand Sketching	179	(8)
Objectives	179	(1)
Introduction	179	(1)
Types of Drawings Created by Freehand Sketching	179	(1)
Freehand Sketches are Not Drawn to Scale	180	(1)
Lines Used for Freehand Sketching	180	(1)
Lettering for Freehand Sketching	180	(1)
Locating Notes on Freehand Sketches	181	(1)
Locating Drawings on a Page	181	(1)
Dimension and Extension Lines	181	(1)
Shading and Crosshatching Freehand Drawings	181	(6)
Summary	184	(1)
Review Questions	184	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Freehand Sketching	185	(2)
Drafting with Instruments	187	(16)
Objectives	187	(1)
Introduction	187	(1)
Commonly Used Manual Drafting Instruments	187	(1)
Drawing Lines on Working Drawings	188	(1)
Time-saving Drafting Procedures	189	(2)
Drawing Heating and Air-conditioning Components	191	(2)
Equipment Room Plan	193	(10)
Summary	195	(1)
Review Questions	195	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Drafting with Instruments	196	(7)
PART III: READING AND INTERPRETING ARCHITECTURAL PLANS
Reading Architectural Plans	203	(8)
Objectives	203	(1)
Introduction	203	(1)
Site Plan and Location Plan	203	(1)
Foundation Plan	204	(1)
Architectural Floor Plan	204	(1)
Wall Sections	204	(1)
Roof Framing Plan	204	(1)
Transverse and Longitudinal Sections	204	(1)
Wall Sections and Details	204	(1)
Enlarged Floor Plans and Interior Elevations	205	(1)
Schedules, Sections, and Elevations	205	(6)
Summary	205	(1)
Review Questions	205	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Reading Architectural Plans	206	(5)
Ductwork Plans	211	(14)
Objectives	211	(1)
Introduction	211	(2)
What Kind of Ductwork is Shown on the Plans	213	(1)
Shop-fabricated Sheet Metal Ductwork	213	(1)
Using the Duct Factor Chart	213	(1)
Measuring the Linear Feet of Ductwork Required	214	(1)
Measuring Linear Feet for Duct Fittings	214	(2)
Ductwork Take-off Form	216	(1)
Determining the Total Weight of Metal Required for Ductwork	217	(2)
Cost for Materials for Shop-fabricated Ductwork	219	(1)
Labor Costs for Shop-fabricated Ductwork	219	(1)
Ductwork Insulation	219	(1)
Method for Taking Off Ductwork Insulation	219	(1)
Reading the Insulation Chart	219	(2)
Insulation Take-off Form	221	(1)
Cost for Insulation Materials	221	(1)
Costs for Labor for Installing Insulation	221	(4)
Summary	221	(2)
Review Questions	223	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Take-off Practice	224	(1)
Reading Mechanical Plans	225	(6)
Objectives	225	(1)
Introduction	225	(1)
Reading the Mechanical Plans	226	(1)
Looking for Specific Systems	226	(1)
Following the Ductwork	226	(1)
The Supply and Return Air Outlets	226	(1)
Written Notes and Instructions	226	(1)
Other Information Shown on the Mechanical Plan	227	(1)
Mechanical Specifications	227	(4)
Summary	227	(1)
Review Questions	227	(1)
Additional Student Exercises: Reading Mechanical Plans	228	(3)
Reading Electrical Plans	231	(4)
Objectives	231	(1)
Introduction	231	(1)
Reading the Electrical Plans	231	(1)
The Electrical Wiring	232	(1)
Additional Information Shown on Electrical Plan	232	(1)
Electrical Specifications	232	(1)
Understanding the Plans	232	(3)
Summary	232	(1)
Review Questions	233	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Reading Electrical Plans	233	(2)
Reading Plumbing Plans	235	(4)
Objectives	235	(1)
Introduction	235	(1)
Looking for Specific Systems	235	(1)
Reading the Plumbing Plans	236	(3)
Summary	236	(1)
Review Questions	237	(1)
Additional Student Exercise: Reading Plumbing Plans	237	(2)
Introduction to Load Calculations	239	(44)
Objectives	239	(1)
Introduction	239	(1)
Heat Transfer Basics	240	(3)
What You Will Need to Do a Load Calculation	243	(1)
Design Conditions	243	(1)
Building Orientation	244	(1)
Floor Area	244	(1)
Foundation Type	244	(2)
Floor Insulation	246	(1)
Ceiling Area	246	(1)
Ceiling Insulation	246	(3)
Net Wall Area	249	(1)
Wall Insulation	249	(1)
Window Area	250	(1)
Window Construction	250	(1)
Shading Factor	251	(1)
Door Area	251	(2)
Door Construction	253	(1)
Duct Design	254	(1)
Number of Occupants	254	(1)
Infiltration Rate	254	(1)
Ventilation Rate	255	(2)
Miscellaneous Loads	257	(2)
Zoning	259	(4)
Summary	260	(1)
Review Questions	260	(1)
Additional Student Exercises	261	(2)
Appendices
Appendix A: Geometric Figures and Formulas	263	(2)
Appendix B: Conversion Tables	265	(4)
Appendix C: Abbreviations	269	(4)
Appendix D: Symbols	273	(10)
Glossary	283	(8)
Index	291