1The Nature of Probability and Statistics

1-1 Introduction
1-2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
1-3 Variables and Types of Data
1-4 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
1-5 Observational and Experimental Studies
1-6 Uses and Misuses of Statistics
1-7 Computers and Calculators
1-8 Summary

2Frequency Distributions and Graphs

2-1 Introduction
2-2 Organizing Data
2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
2-4 Other Types of Graphs
2-5 Summary

3Data Description

3-1 Introduction
3-2 Measures of Central Tendency
3-3 Measures of Variation
3-4 Measures of Position
3-5 Exploratory Data Analysis
3-6 Summary

4Probability and Counting Rules

4-1 Introduction
4-2 Sample Spaces and Probability
4-3 The Addition Rules for Probability
4-4 The Multiplication Rules and Conditional Probability
4-5 Counting Rules
4-6 Probability and Counting Rules
4-7 Summary

5Discrete Probability Distributions

5-1 Introduction
5-2 Probability Distributions
5-3 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation
5-4 The Binomial Distribution
5-5 Other Types of Distributions (Optional)
5-6 Summary

6The Normal Distribution

6-1 Introduction
6-2 Properties of the Normal Distribution
6-3 The Standard Normal Distribution
6-4 Applications of the Normal Distribution
6-5 The Central Limit Theorem
6-6 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
6-7 Summary

7 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

7-1 Introduction
7-2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (s Known or n³30) and Sample Size
7-3 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (s Unknown or n<30)
7-4 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions
7-5 Confidence Intervals for Variances and Standard Deviations
7-6 Summary

8Hypothesis Testing

8-1 Introduction
8-2 Steps in Hypothesis Testing - Traditional Method
8-3 z Test for a Mean
8-4 t Test for a Mean
8-5 z Test for a Proportion
8-6 Chi Square test for a Variance or Standard Deviation
8-7 Additional Topics Regarding Hypothesis Testing
8-8 Summary

9Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances, and Two Proportions

9-1 Introduction
9-2 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Large Samples
9-3 Testing the Difference Between Two Variances
9-4 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Independent Samples
9-5 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Dependent Samples
9-6 Testing the Difference Between Proportions
9-7 Summary

10Correlation and Regression

10-1 Introduction
10-2 Scatter Plots
10-3 Correlation
10-4 Regression
10-5 Coefficient of Determination and Standard Error of the Estimate
10-6 Multiple Regression (Optional)
10-7 Summary

11Other Chi-Square Tests

11-1 Introduction
11-2 Test for Goodness of Fit
11-3 Tests Using Contingency Tables
11-4 Summary

12 Analysis of Variance

12-1 Introduction
12-2 One-Way Analysis of Variance
12-3 The Scheffé Test and the Tukey Test
12-4 Two-Way Analysis of Variance
12-5 Summary

13Nonparametric Statistics

13-1 Introduction
13-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric Methods
13-3 The Sign Test
13-4 The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
13-5 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
13-6 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
13-7 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient and the Runs Test
13-8 Summary

14Sampling and Simulation

14-1 Introduction
14-2 Common Sampling Techniques
14-3 Surveys and Questionnaire Design
14-4 Simulation Techniques
14-5 The Monte Carlo Method
14-6 Summary

Appendix A: Algebra Review
Appendix B-1: Writing the Research Report
Appendix B-2: Bayes's Theorem
Appendix B-3: Alternate Method for the Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix C: Tables
Appendix D: Data Bank
Appendix E: Glossary
Appendix F: Bibliography
Appendix G: Photo Credits
Appendix H: Selected Answers