Boilers and Burners

by Basu, Prabir; Cen, Kefa; Jestin, Louis

• ISBN13: 9780387987033
• ISBN10: 0387987037
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-03-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

A joint effort of three continents, this book is about rational utilization of the fossil fuels for generation of heat or power. It provides a synthesis of two scientific traditions: the high-performance, but often proprietary, Western designs, and the elaborate national standards based on less advanced Eastern designs; it presents both in the same Western format. It is intended for engineers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in steam power plants, burners, or furnaces. The text uses a format of practice based on theory: each chapter begins with an explanation of a process, with basic theory developed from first principles; then empirical relationships are presented and, finally, design methods are explained by worked out examples. It will thus provide researchers with a resource for applications of theory to practice. Plant operators will find solutions to and explanations of many of their daily operational problems. Designers will find this book ready with required data, design methods and equations. Finally, consultants will find it very useful for design evaluation.

Table of Contents

Series Preface	v
Preface	vii
Introduction	1	(14)
Principles of Boiler Operation	1	(5)
Classification of Boilers	6	(1)
Description of Boilers	6	(9)
References	14	(1)
General Design Considerations	15	(6)
Boiler Specifications	15	(2)
Design Steps	17	(4)
References	20	(1)
Fuel and Combustion Calculations	21	(31)
Features of Fuel	21	(7)
Stoichiometric Calculations	28	(8)
Enthalpy Calculation of Air and Combustion Products	36	(1)
Heat Balance	37	(9)
Generation of SO2 and NOx	46	(6)
Nomenclature	48	(3)
References	51	(1)
Coal Preparation Systems for Boilers	52	(28)
Coal Preparation Systems	52	(4)
Pulverizing Properties of Coal	56	(3)
Pulverizing Air System	59	(4)
Size-Reducing Machines	63	(7)
Other Components for Coal Preparation Systems	70	(3)
Design of Coal Preparation System for Pulverized Coal Boilers	73	(3)
Fuel Feeding in Fluidized Bed Boilers	76	(4)
Nomenclature	78	(1)
References	79	(1)
Design of Oil Burners	80	(48)
Design of Oil Supply System	80	(2)
Oil Atomizers	82	(26)
Air Registers	108	(10)
Design Principles of Oil Fired Boilers	118	(10)
Nomenclature	125	(2)
References	127	(1)
Boiler Furnace Design Methods	128	(33)
General Design Principles	128	(7)
Flame Emissivity	135	(5)
Heat Transfer Calculations for the PC Boiler Furnace	140	(6)
Water Wall Arrangement	146	(1)
Fouling and Thermal Efficiency Factors for Water Wall Tubes	147	(2)
Temperature Field Coefficient, M	149	(1)
Furnace Emissivity	150	(1)
Distribution of Heat Load in Furnace	151	(10)
Nomenclature	157	(2)
References	159	(2)
Convective Heating Surfaces	161	(51)
Design of Superheater and Reheater	161	(6)
Temperature Control in Superheater and Reheater	167	(5)
Adjustment of Heat Absorption in Superheater and Reheater	172	(6)
Economizer	178	(2)
Air Heater	180	(5)
Arrangement of Back-Pass Heating Surfaces	185	(2)
Heat Transfer Calculations for Convective Heating Surfaces	187	(19)
Design Methods of Convection Heating Surfaces	206	(6)
Nomenclature	207	(4)
References	211	(1)
Swirl Burners	212	(30)
Design of a Swirl Burner	212	(13)
Flow Resistance in Swirl Burners	225	(1)
Examples of Swirl Burners	226	(4)
Arrangement of Multiple Swirl Burners	230	(3)
Design Procedure of Swirl Burners	233	(9)
Nomenclature	239	(2)
References	241	(1)
Design of Novel Burners	242	(27)
Types of PC Burners	242	(1)
PC Burner With Blunt Body	243	(3)
Precombustion Chamber Burner	246	(2)
Boat Burner	248	(1)
Co-Flow Jet Burner With High Differential Velocity	249	(1)
Counter-Flow Jet Burner	250	(3)
Dense and Lean Phase PC Burner	253	(4)
Down-Shot Flame Combustion Technique	257	(2)
Low NOx Burner	259	(10)
Nomenclature	266	(1)
References	267	(2)
Tangentially Fired Burners	269	(33)
General Descriptions	269	(10)
Design of Burners With Peripheral Air	279	(2)
Design of Tilting Burners	281	(3)
Burners for Bituminous Coal	284	(2)
Anthracite and Lean Coal Fired PC Burner	286	(5)
Brown Coal Fired Direct Burner	291	(2)
Multifuel Burner	293	(1)
Design Methods for Tangentially Fired Boilers	294	(3)
Example of Burner Design	297	(5)
Nomenclature	300	(1)
References	301	(1)
Fluidized Bed Boilers	302	(45)
Fluidized Bed Boiler	302	(2)
Major Features of Fluidized Bed Boilers	304	(5)
Basics of Fluidized Beds	309	(5)
Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boilers	314	(5)
Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers	319	(8)
Distributor Plates	327	(4)
Loop Seals	331	(3)
Gas--Solid Separators	334	(13)
Nomenclature	340	(4)
References	344	(3)
Steam--Water Circulation in Boiler	347	(25)
Natural Circulation System	346	(13)
Calculations for Simple and Complex Tube Circuits	359	(1)
Two-Phase Flow Resistance	360	(2)
Height of Economizer Section in the Riser	362	(2)
Worked-Out Example	364	(8)
Nomenclature	369	(2)
References	371	(1)
Forced Circulation for Supercritical or Subcritical Boilers	372	(13)
General Description	373	(1)
Design Principle of Forced Circulation Boiler	374	(1)
Features of Forced Circulation Boilers	375	(6)
Supercritical Boilers	381	(4)
Corrosion and Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces	385	(41)
High-Temperature Corrosion of External Surfaces	386	(6)
Prevention of High-Temperature Corrosion	392	(5)
Low-Temperature Corrosion on External Surfaces	397	(5)
Corrosion and Scaling of Internal Surfaces	402	(4)
Fouling and Slagging	406	(6)
Calculation of Soot and Ash Deposition	412	(4)
Prediction of Slagging Potential	416	(5)
Design Measure for Reduction of Fouling and Slagging	421	(5)
Nomenclature	423	(1)
References	424	(2)
Erosion Prevention in Boilers	426	(31)
Theory of Erosion of Heating Surfaces	426	(5)
Worked-Out Example	431	(2)
Factors Influencing Tube Erosion	433	(3)
Analyses of Erosion of Tube Banks in Cross-Flow	436	(3)
Permissible Gas Velocity for Safe Operation	439	(5)
Erosion Protection for the Economizer, Reheater, and Superheater	444	(4)
Erosion in Tubular Air Heaters	448	(2)
Erosion in Fluidized Bed Boilers	450	(7)
Nomenclature	454	(2)
References	456	(1)
Pressure Drop in Gas and Air Ducts	457	(28)
Draft Systems	457	(2)
Pressure Drop in Air and Gas Duct Systems	459	(7)
Pressure Drop Across Heating Surfaces	466	(5)
Pressure Drop in Natural Draft Gas Path	471	(4)
Pressure Drop Through Air Ducts	475	(4)
Selection of Fans	479	(1)
Pressure Drop Through Water or Steam Tubes	480	(5)
Nomenclature	481	(2)
References	483	(2)
Mechanical Design of Pressure Parts	485	(39)
Selection of Materials	485	(2)
Important Mechanical Properties of Various Materials	487	(3)
Fundamental Metallurgical Concepts to Improve Steel Properties	490	(5)
Design Methods	495	(14)
Thickness (Scantling) Calculations	509	(15)
Nomenclature	523	(1)
References	523	(1)
Tables of Design Data	524	(29)
Specific heat of air, flue gas and ash at atmospheric pressure	525	(1)
Some physical properties of iron, metal, and selected steels	526	(1)
Linear thermal expansion of steel	526	(1)
Specific heat capacity of steel	526	(1)
Electrical resistivity of steel	527	(1)
Thermal conductivity of steel	527	(1)
Density, heat capacity, and heat conductivity for metals	528	(2)
Thermal properties of the saturated water and steam (arranged by temperature)	530	(2)
Thermal properties of the saturated water and steam (arranged by pressure)	532	(2)
Thermal properties of unsaturated water and superheated steam at different pressures	534	(7)
Conversion factors	541	(12)
Index	553