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Lockwood DeWitt: Geologist extraordinaire, educator nonpareil, and short order cook in a pinch. His thorough understanding of the topic at hand and unique ways of presenting the ideas so that the kids can grab hold and hang on has been invaluable B.K. Hixson: Adds humorous asides, the occasional cartoon, and somewhat irreverently classified fossil wall mounts

Dedication

3

(1)

Acknowledgments

4

(1)

Repro Rights

5

(7)

Who Are You? And ... How to Use This Book

12

(6)

Lab Safety

18

(3)

Recommended Materials Suppliers

21

(3)

The National Content Standards (Grades K--4)

The National Content Standards (Grades 5--8)

The 10 Big Ideas About Geology & Corresponding Labs

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids made of a single kind of material. These compounds are all crystalline, and their atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern that is as much a part of the mineral's properties as its composition

Mineral Q & A

24

(2)

Sugar or Salt?

26

(3)

Geodes on the Halfshell

29

(4)

Geo Profile: Geodes

32

(1)

Crystal Patterns

33

(10)

Minerals are the building blocks of all rocks. Every rock is made of at least one mineral, but more often two or more that have combined under conditions that allow for rock formation

Dissecting Granite

43

(3)

Ms. Stewart's Crystal Garden

46

(5)

Minerals can form from gases (sublimation), liquids (precipitation), and solids (recrystallization)

Caffeine Cathedrals

51

(3)

Test Tube Snowstorm

54

(3)

Silica Crystal Garden

57

(3)

Pickled Jewelry

60

(2)

Popcorn Rock Crystals

62

(8)

Each mineral has a unique set of properties and can be identified using a series of standardized tests

Mineral Color

70

(4)

Mineral Profile: Quartz

72

(2)

Streak Test

74

(4)

Mineral Profile: Pyrite

76

(2)

Luster

78

(4)

Mineral Profile: Talc

80

(2)

Mohs' Hardness Test

82

(4)

Mineral Profile: Feldspar

85

(1)

Specific Gravity

86

(5)

Mineral Profile: Galena

90

(1)

Cleavage & Fracture

91

(5)

Mineral Profile: Mica

95

(1)

Acid Test

96

(3)

Mineral Profile: Calcite

98

(1)

Magnetism Tests

99

(7)

Mineral Profile: Lodestone

101

(3)

Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when molten rock, called lava, erupts from a volcano onto the surface of the Earth and solidifies. One way that this happens is that volcanos erupt and expel molten lava. There are also cracks in the crust of the Earth that open up and ooze lava over hundreds of square miles

Volcano Q & A

104

(2)

Oozeology 101

106

(4)

Rock Profile: Obsidian

108

(2)

Rusty Rocks

110

(4)

Rock Profile: Volcanic Cinder

112

(2)

Styrofoam Rock

114

(5)

Rock Profile: Pumice

117

(2)

Volcanic Popcorn

119

(5)

Rock Profile: Popcorn Rhyolite Bomb

122

(2)

Elephant Skin Sorbet

124

(4)

Rock Profile: Andesite

126

(2)

Dome Explosions

128

(3)

Rock Profile: Volcanic Breccia

129

(2)

Burnt Sugar Snakes

131

(6)

Rock Profile: Basalt

134

(3)

Dry Ice Ash Flows

137

(4)

Rock Profile: Tuff, a.k.a. Welded Ash

140

(1)

Test Tube Ash Storm

141

(4)

Rock Profile: Volcanic Ash

143

(2)

Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when molten rock, called magma, cools and solidifies slowly under the Earth's surface

The Original Lava Lamp

145

(5)

Rock Profile: Quartz Monzonite

148

(2)

Igneous Fudge

150

(5)

Rock Profile: Granite

153

(2)

Globs of Gabbro

155

(4)

Rock Profile: Gabbro

158

(1)

Igneous Rock Review

159

(6)

Organic sedimentary rocks are formed when living matter dies, piles up, and then is compressed into rock

Macaroni Coquina

165

(4)

Rock Profile: Coquina

168

(1)

Distilled Fossils

169

(6)

Rock Profile: Coal

172

(3)

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when minerals dissolved in water crystallize out, or precipitate, from solution

Instant Salt Flats

175

(6)

Rock Profile: Halite

177

(1)

Rock Profile: Gypsum

178

(3)

Bottle Geyser

181

(5)

Rock Profile: Geyserite

184

(2)

Making Limestone

186

(6)

Rock Profile: Limestone

189

(3)

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from weathered and eroded pieces of previously existing rocks that got deposited together and smooshed and cemented into rock

Conglomerate Stew

192

(9)

Rock Profile: Mudstone

195

(1)

Rock Profile: Siltstone

196

(1)

Rock Profile: Sandstone

197

(2)

Rock Profile: Conglomerate

199

(2)

Sedimentary Rock Review

201

(5)

Metamorphic rocks started out as one kind of rock---igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic---but got squished, heated, and changed into new rocks

Dissolving Statues

206

(4)

Rock Profile: Quartzite

208

(1)

Rock Profile: Marble

209

(1)

Sediment to Schist

210

(8)

Rock Profile: Slate

213

(1)

Rock Profile: Phyllite

214

(1)

Rock Profile: Schist

215

(3)

Foliated Clay Cakes

218

(4)

Rock Profile: Gneiss

220

(2)

Metamorphic Rock Review

222

(8)

The Rock Cycle

228

(2)

Science Fair Planner

A Step-by-Step Guide: From Idea to Presentation

230

(37)

The Hypothesis

238

(9)

Gather Information

247

(5)

Design Your Experiment

252

(5)

Conduct the Experiment

257

(2)

Collect and Display Data

259

(4)

Present Your Ideas

263

(4)

Index

267

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