Bookmarks A Guide to Research and Writing

by Ruszkiewicz, John J.; Walker, Janice R.; Pemberton, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780321271341
• ISBN10: 0321271343
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-06
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Preparing students for the ever-changing demands of conducting research in today's world, Bookmarks: A Guide to Research and Writing establishes a new benchmark for college research guides, serving as a bridge between old and new traditions for researchers who expect to work regularly in both print and electronic environments. Written in a lively, conversational tone, Bookmarks: A Guide to Writing and Research, offers concrete strategies and models to help students select a topic, refine it, and develop it into a full-fledged research hypothesis; find and position sources; use sources in appropriate and responsible ways to further their projects; and document and complete their final projects for print or electronic publication. In addition to offering such practical advice, the text also asks students to consider important rhetorical issues, such as how to most effectively address an audience and how to craft a considered, balanced argument. Bookmarks encourages students to use new technologies to find reliable information and to use the technologies to locate sources that are most appropriate for their topics and purposes.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
To the Writer	xx
PART I BEGINNING RESEARCH	2	(42)
Starting Your Research Project	4	(10)
Think of yourself as a researcher and writer	5	(1)
Size up your assignment carefully	5	(2)
Focus On . . . Collaboration	8
Establish the hard points of your project	7	(2)
Define the stages of your project	9	(1)
Assess your strengths and weaknesses	10	(1)
Create a schedule for your project	11	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	12	(1)
Managing Your Project	12	(2)
Finding a Topic	14	(9)
Find a topic in your world	15	(1)
Connect your topic to a wider community	16	(1)
Browse the library in your topic area	17	(3)
Focus On . . . Finding a Topic	18	(2)
Browse the Internet	20	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	22	(1)
Managing Your Project	22	(1)
Establishing a Purpose	23	(8)
Focus On . . . Audience	24	(1)
Consider the topic as a question of fact	24	(1)
Consider the topic as a question of definition	25	(1)
Consider the topic as a question of value	26	(1)
Consider the topic as a question of cause and effect	27	(1)
Consider the topic as a question of consequence	28	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	30	(1)
Managing Your Project	30	(1)
Planning Your Research Strategy	31	(13)
Pose questions	32	(1)
Focus your topic choice carefully	33	(1)
Identify the information your project requires	33	(4)
Focus On . . . Ethics	37	(1)
Determine where to locate the information your project requires	37	(1)
Review library catalogs, databases, and Web directories	37	(1)
Talk to other people	38	(1)
Prepare a research proposal or prospectus	39	(5)
Sample Research Proposal	40	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	43	(1)
Managing Your Project	43	(1)
PART II GATHERING IDEAS AND INFORMATION	44	(54)
Using Library Resources	46	(18)
Learn about your library	47	(1)
Use library catalogs efficiently	47	(1)
Locate the reference room	48	(1)
Locate suitable bibliographies	49	(2)
Locate suitable periodical databases or indexes	51	(4)
Focus On . . . Electronic Databases	56
Consult biographical resources	55	(1)
Consult guides to reference works	56	(2)
Locate statistics	58	(1)
Check news sources	59	(2)
Check special collections	61	(1)
Consult government documents	61	(1)
Check book and film reviews	62	(2)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	62	(1)
Managing Your Project	62	(2)
Locating Online Resources	64	(15)
Find the most useful search engines	64	(1)
Understand how a simple keyword search works	65	(2)
Refine your search with Boolean operators	67	(1)
Truncate terms to extend your search	68	(1)
Refine your search with exact phrases	69	(2)
Use more than one search engine or database	71	(2)
Evaluate your electronic search	73	(1)
Keep a record of your search	74	(1)
Join in electronic conversations	74	(2)
Focus On . . . Listserv Etiquette	77
Write or email professional organizations	76	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	78	(1)
Managing Your Project	78	(1)
Conducting Field Research	79	(9)
Conduct interviews	80	(1)
Focus On . . . Ethics in Field Research	80	(1)
Conduct surveys	81	(3)
Make systematic observations	84	(4)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	86	(1)
Managing Your Project	86	(2)
Keeping Track of Information	88	(10)
Organize and safeguard your materials	88	(1)
Prepare a working bibliography	89	(3)
Focus On . . . Citing Databases Correctly	91	(1)
Prepare an annotated bibliography	92	(3)
Sample Annotated Bibliography	93	(2)
Make copies of important sources	95	(1)
Back up your work frequently	95	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	96	(1)
Managing Your Project	96	(2)
PART III WORKING WITH SOURCES	98	(54)
Understanding Academic Responsibility and Avoiding Plagiarism	100	(8)
Understand the ethics of research	100	(1)
Avoid intentional and unintentional plagiarism	101	(2)
Focus On . . . Avoiding Plagiarism	103	(1)
Understand the special nature of collaborative projects	103	(1)
Understand intellectual property rights	104	(1)
Understand the special nature of online resources	104	(1)
Using graphics or audio or video files	105	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	107	(1)
Managing Your Project	107	(1)
Evaluating Sources	108	(10)
Consider the relevance of your sources	108	(2)
Consider the purpose and bias of a source	110	(1)
Consider the authority and reputation of a source	110	(2)
Focus On . . . Evaluating Web Sites	114
Consider the credentials of experts, authors, and sponsoring agencies	112	(2)
Consider the timeliness and stability of a source	114	(1)
Consider how well a source presents key information	115	(1)
Consider commercial intrusions into a source	115	(1)
Consult librarians and instructors	116	(1)
Conduct interviews	116	(1)
Consult listservs and Usenet groups	116	(2)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	117	(1)
Managing Your Project	117	(1)
Reading and Annotating Sources	118	(5)
Highlight key information	119	(1)
Use marginal comments to start a dialogue with your sources	119	(4)
Sample Annotated Article	120	(1)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	121	(1)
Managing Your Project	122	(1)
Reviewing and Positioning Sources	123	(7)
Review data and resources critically	123	(1)
Position your research materials	124	(6)
Focus On . . . Balanced Arguments	125	(2)
Sample Article with Positioning Information and Sample Quotations	127	(2)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	129	(1)
Managing Your Project	129	(1)
Summarizing and Paraphrasing Sources	130	(8)
Choose whether to summarize or paraphrase a source	130	(1)
Focus On . . . Summaries and Paraphrases	131	(1)
Summarize sources effectively	131	(2)
Paraphrase sources effectively	133	(2)
Acknowledge all borrowings	135	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	136	(1)
Managing Your Project	137	(1)
Quoting Sources	138	(14)
Select direct quotations strategically	138	(2)
Introduce all direct and indirect borrowings	140	(3)
Focus On . . . Quoting from Interviews	142	(1)
Integrate graphical elements correctly	143	(1)
Handle quotation marks correctly	144	(2)
Tailor your quotations to fit your sentences	146	(1)
Use ellipses to indicate omissions	146	(2)
Use square brackets to add necessary information to a quotation	148	(1)
Use [sic] to acknowledge errors in sources	148	(1)
Present quotations correctly	149	(1)
Document the source of all quotations	150	(2)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	151	(1)
Managing Your Project	151	(1)
PART IV DEVELOPING THE PROJECT	152	(50)
Reflecting On . . . What You Have	154	(5)
Consider whether you need to do more research	154	(2)
Focus On . . . Logic	155	(1)
Consider whether you have a fair balance of sources and opinions	156	(1)
Consider whether you need to revise your purpose	156	(1)
Consider whether you need to narrow your focus	157	(2)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	157	(1)
Managing Your Project	158	(1)
Refining Your Claim	159	(7)
Be sure you have a point to make	159	(1)
Grab your reader's attention	160	(1)
Limit your claim	161	(5)
Focus On . . . Refining Your Topic Using Indexes and Tables of Contents	162	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	165	(1)
Managing Your Project	165	(1)
Organizing and Outlining	166	(12)
Create a blueprint for your project	167	(1)
Consider general patterns of organization	168	(6)
Focus On . . . Low-Tech Cutting and Pasting	174	(1)
Accommodate dissenting voices	174	(1)
Follow professional templates	175	(1)
Create a formal outline	176	(2)
Sample Formal Outline	176	(1)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	177	(1)
Managing Your Project	177	(1)
Drafting Your Project	178	(13)
Prepare a version of your project early	178	(1)
Draft your project for an audience	178	(1)
Present your material thoroughly	179	(2)
Write a strong introduction and conclusion	181	(4)
Sample Introduction and Conclusion for a Research Project	182	(3)
Make connections and use transitions	185	(1)
Write stylishly	186	(5)
Focus On . . . Writing Centers	187	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	190	(1)
Managing Your Project	190	(1)
Revising Your Project and Reviewing Documentation	191	(11)
Review your project's content and focus	191	(2)
Evaluate the organization of your project	193	(1)
Provide a source for every direct quotation	194	(1)
Provide a source for all paraphrased material	194	(2)
Focus On . . . Citing Sources Responsibly	195	(1)
Document all ideas not from common knowledge	196	(1)
Document information from field research	196	(1)
Document all material that might be questioned	197	(1)
Furnish source information for all graphics, audio files, and other borrowings	197	(1)
Furnish dates and other useful information	198	(1)
Use links to document electronic sources	198	(1)
Include all the parts your project requires	199	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	199	(1)
Managing Your Project	200	(2)
PART V PRESENTING YOUR RESEARCH	202	(56)
Designing Documents	204	(17)
Consider the formats your project might take	204	(1)
Understand the principles of document design	205	(3)
Apply design principles	208	(9)
Focus On . . . Creating Graphics and Visuals	215	(2)
Organize Web projects logically	217	(1)
Submit your project professionally	217	(4)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	220	(1)
Managing Your Project	220	(1)
Preparing Oral and Visual Presentations	221	(10)
Designing oral and visual presentations	221	(3)
Drafting oral and visual presentations	224	(3)
Delivering oral and visual presentations	227	(1)
Focus On . . . Mastering Oral Communication	228	(1)
Considering special situations	228	(3)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	230	(1)
Managing Your Project	230	(1)
Presenting Research in Many Genres	231	(27)
Presenting your research in different genres	231	(1)
Reports	232	(8)
Sample Technical Report	235	(5)
Newsletters and brochures	240	(3)
Sample Newsletter	242	(2)
Sample Brochure	244
Web sites	243	(15)
Sample Web Site	245	(11)
Web Sites Worth Knowing	256	(1)
Managing Your Project	257	(1)
PART VI DOCUMENTATION	258	(145)
COS Documentation	260	(36)
How do you use COS documentation?	260	(4)
COS form directory---Humanities (MLA)	264	(14)
Sample COS pages---Humanities (MLA)	278	(3)
COS form directory---Sciences (APA)	281	(12)
Sample COS pages---Sciences (APA)	293	(3)
MLA Documentation	296	(39)
How do you use MLA documentation?	296	(5)
MLA form directory	301	(21)
Sample MLA paper	322	(13)
APA Documentation	335	(38)
How do you use APA documentation?	335	(7)
APA form directory	342	(12)
Sample APA paper	354	(19)
CMS Documentation	373	(22)
CMS notes	373	(3)
CMS bibliographies	376	(3)
CMS form directory	379	(8)
Sample CMS paper	387	(8)
CSE Documentation	395	(8)
Provide in-text citations	396	(1)
List sources used	397	(6)
Credits	403	(4)
Index	407	(21)
Glossary of Computer Terms	428