Boundary-Scan Interconnect Diagnosis

by De Sousa, Jose T.; Cheung, Peter Y. K.

• ISBN13: 9780792373148
• ISBN10: 0792373146
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Boundary-Scan Interconnect Diagnosis explains how to synthesize digital diagnostic sequences for wire interconnects using boundary-scan, and how to assess the quality of those sequences. Its importance has to do with designing complex electronic systems using pre-designed intellectual property (IP) cores, which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays. Since tests for pre-designed cores can be supplied with the cores themselves, the only additional tests that need to be developed to test and diagnose the entire system are those for wire interconnects between the cores. Besides the trivial solutions that are often used to solve this problem, there are many more methods that enable significant optimizations of test vector length and/or diagnostic resolution. The book surveys all existing methods of this kind and proposes new ones. In the new approach circuit and interconnect faults are carefully modeled, and graph techniques are applied to solve the problem. The original feature of the new method is the fact that it can be adjusted to provide shorter test sequences and/or greater diagnostic resolution. The effectiveness of existing and proposed methods is then evaluated using real electronic assemblies and published statistical data for an actual manufacturing process from HP.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xxi
Introduction	1	(20)
Who this book is written for	2	(1)
Electronic assemblies and defects	2	(2)
The test, diagnosis and repair process	4	(3)
Automatic repair	7	(1)
In-circuit testing	7	(1)
Boundary-scan testing	8	(5)
Boundary-scan architecture	8	(1)
Boundary-scan operation	9	(1)
Test data serialization	10	(1)
Applying power to shorts	11	(1)
Adaptive test and diagnosis	11	(1)
Testing digital clusters	12	(1)
Other standards of the 1149 family	13	(3)
IEEE 1149.4	13	(2)
IEEE 1149.5	15	(1)
The problem of interconnect faults	16	(3)
Brief background	17	(1)
The contributions of this research	18	(1)
Summary	19	(2)
Interconnect Circuit and Fault Models	21	(12)
Interconnect circuit model	22	(2)
Interconnect fault models	24	(6)
Faults, defects and failures	24	(2)
Synthetic versus analytic fault models	26	(1)
Short fault models	26	(3)
Open fault models	29	(1)
Summary	30	(3)
Behavioral Interconnect Diagnosis	33	(28)
Diagnostic analysis	34	(2)
Fault isolation	36	(2)
Diagnostic synthesis	38	(19)
Modified counting sequence	41	(2)
Counting sequence plus complement	43	(3)
Walking sequences	46	(3)
Min-weight sequence	49	(1)
Self-diagnosis sequence	50	(1)
Global-diagnosis sequence	51	(3)
N+1 sequence	54	(2)
N sequence	56	(1)
Summary	57	(4)
Structural Interconnect Diagnosis	61	(30)
Extraction of faults	62	(4)
Single opens	62	(1)
Single shorts	63	(1)
Implementation	64	(2)
Diagnostic analysis	66	(3)
Fault isolation	69	(1)
Diagnostic synthesis	69	(20)
Behavioral vectors	72	(1)
Graph coloring vectors	73	(7)
Color mixing vectors	80	(5)
Statistical color mixing vectors	85	(4)
Summary	89	(2)
Diagnostic Resolution Assessment	91	(20)
Background	92	(2)
Actual assessment	92	(1)
Empirical facts	93	(1)
Aliasing and confounding	94	(1)
Stain-based assessment	94	(2)
Fault-based assessment	96	(12)
Probabilistic resolution	96	(2)
Fault probabilities	98	(3)
Fault sampling	101	(3)
Overall DR estimate	104	(1)
Individual diagnosabilities	105	(1)
Diagnosis simulation	106	(2)
Summary	108	(3)
Experimental Results	111	(18)
Experimental setup	111	(2)
Fault extraction	113	(1)
Diagnosis	114	(11)
Statistical process characterization	114	(2)
Behavioral methods	116	(2)
Structural methods	118	(5)
Diagnosability versus short multiplicity	123	(2)
Summary	125	(4)
Conclusion	129	(16)
Technology context	130	(1)
Modeling the interconnect circuit and faults	130	(1)
Behavioral interconnect diagnosis	131	(1)
Structural interconnect diagnosis	132	(1)
Diagnostic resolution assessment	133	(1)
Experimental results	134	(1)
Future work	135	(2)
Appendices
A- Layout file format	137	(2)
A.1 Format description	137	(1)
A.2 File example	138	(1)
B- Graph coloring	139	(2)
C- Graph enhancing	141	(4)
References	145	(6)
Acronyms and abbreviations	151	(4)
Notation	155	(6)
About the authors	161	(2)
Index	163