Brain Edema XII

by Kuroiwa, T.; Baethmann, A.; Czernicki, Z.; Hoff, J. T.; Lto, U.; Katayama, Y.; Marmarou, A.

• ISBN13: 9783211009192
• ISBN10: 3211009191
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Brain edema is a simple phenomenon ''‚¬" an abnormal increase of brain tissue volume by the increase of brain tissue water content. However the etiology is not simple and relating to a wide variety of neurological disorders including ischemia, trauma, tumor, hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. It is still a major cause of death in the neurological/neurosurgical ward. This volume is an up-to-date report on progress in brain edema research, diagnosis and treatment, including papers presented at the 12th International Symposium on Brain Edema and Brain Tissue Injury in 2002. Major topics include molecular biology and blood-brain barrier disorders, ischemic and traumatic brain edema, imaging and diagnosis of brain edema, treatment and radiation effect. Various papers in the rapidly growing fields of neuroimaging and molecular medicine are also included.

Table of Contents

General review
Concept and pathogenesis of ``hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy''	3	(4)
Okeda, R.
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain edema: current concepts	7	(4)
Marmarou, A.
Brain edema from intracerebral hemorrhage	11	(6)
Hoff, J. T.
Xi, G.
Hydrostatic brain edema: basic mechanisms and clinical aspect	17	(4)
Shima, K.
Non-invasive imaging methods for the characterization of the pathophysiology of brain ischemia	21	(8)
Hossmann, K.-A.
Cecile & Oskar Vogt: The significance of their contributions in modern neuroscience	29	(6)
Klatzo, I.
Imaging
Estimating blood-brain barrier opening in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation with Patlak plots of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI	35	(4)
Fenstermacher, J. D.
Knight, R. A.
Ewing, J. R.
Nagaraja, T.
Nagesh, V.
Yee, J. S.
Arniego, P. A.
Recent development of MR imaging technique for the investigation of brain function	39	(2)
Takizawa, O.
Energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow during cytotoxic brain edema induced by 6-aminonicotinamide	41	(4)
Kurita, D.
Haida, M.
Shinohara, Y.
PET neuroreceptor imaging as predictor of severe cerebral ischemic insult	45	(4)
Nariai, T.
Shimada, Y.
Ishiwata, K.
Nagaoka, T.
Shimada, J.
Kuroiwa, T.
Ono, K.-I.
Hirakawa, K.
Senda, M.
Ohno, K.
Pet investigation of post-traumatic cerebral blood volume and blood flow	49	(4)
Hattori, N.
Huang, S.-C.
Wu, H.-M.
Liao, W.
Glenn, T. C.
Vespa, P. M.
Phelps, M. E.
Hovda, D. A.
Bergsneider, M.
Quantitative evaluation of cerebral vascular permeability using multi-slice dynamic CT	53	(4)
Nambu, K.
Nariai, T.
Terada, T.
Acetazolamide vasoreactivity evaluated by transcranial harmonic perfusion imaging: relationship with transcranial Doppler sonography and dynamic CT	57	(6)
Shiogai, T.
Koshimura, M.
Murata, Y.
Nomura, H.
Doi, A.
Makino, M.
Mizuno, T.
Nakajima, K.
Furuhata, H.
Functional brain imaging of optical topography	63	(4)
Kawaguchi, T.
Experimental global ischemia
Significant shrinkage of extracellular space during global cerebral ischemia: differences in gray and white matter ischemia	67	(4)
Kumura, E.
Dohmen, C.
Graf, R.
Yoshimine, T.
Heiss, W.-D.
NTP and PCr responses to hypoxia by hypothermic and normothermic respiring, superfused, neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices: an NMR spectroscopy study at 14.1 Tesla	71	(4)
Litt, L.
Hirai, K.
Basus, V. J.
James, T. L.
Matrix metalloproteinases are not involved in early brain edema formation after cardiac arrest in rats	75	(4)
Xiao, F.
Arnold, T.
Zhang, S.
Imtiaz, N.
Khan, A.
Alexander, J. S.
Conrad, S.
Carden, D.
Regional N-acetyl-aspartate level and immunohistochemical damage in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils	79	(4)
Konaka, K.
Ueda, H.
Nakano, M.
Li, J.-Y.
Matsumoto, M.
Sakoda, S.
Yanagihara, T.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase following cerebral ischemia in mice	83	(4)
Fukui, S.
Nawashiro, H.
Ookawara, T.
Suzuki, K.
Otani, N.
Ooigawa, H.
Shima, K.
Peroxynitrite and caspase-3 expression after ischemia/reperfusion in mouse cardiac arrest model	87	(6)
Dohi, K.
Ohtaki, H.
Inn, R.
Ikeda, Y.
Shioda, H. S.
Aruga, T.
Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) following transient cerebral ischemia	93	(4)
Yin, L.
Ohtaki, H.
Nakamachi, T.
Dohi, K.
Iwai, Y.
Funahashi, H.
Makino, R.
Shioda, S.
Evaluation of neuronal cell death after a new global ischemia model in infant mice	97	(4)
Ohtaki, H.
Mori, S.
Nakamachi, T.
Dohi, K.
Yin, L.
Endo, S.
Okada, Y.
Shioda, S.
Hippocampal heme oxigenase-1 in a murine cardiac arrest model	101	(4)
Imaizumi, Y.
Mizushima, H.
Dohi, K.
Ohtaki, H.
Funahashi, H.
Shioda, S.
Calcineurin and cyclophilin D are differential targets of neuroprotection by immunosuppressants CsA and FK506 in ischemic brain damage	105	(8)
Uchino, H.
Ishii, N.
Shibasaki, F.
FK506 attenuates the post-ischemic perturbation of protein kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 sectors	113	(4)
Katsura, K.-I.
Kurihara, J.
Watanabe, M.
Takahashi, K.
Katayama, Y.
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and amyloid precursor protein accumulation in microvascular compartment following ischemia-reperfusion brain injury with 1-year survival	117	(6)
Pluta, R.
Neuroprotective effect from ischemia and direct free radical scavenging activity of Choto-san (kampo medicine)	123	(8)
Dohi, K.
Satoh, K.
Ikeda, Y.
Ohtaki, H.
Shioda, S.
Aruga, T.
Experimental focal ischemia
Temporal profile of experimental ischemic edema after threshold amount of insult to induce infarction -- ultrastructure, gravimetry and Evans' blue extravasation	131	(6)
Ito, U.
Kuroiwa, T.
Hanyu, S.
Hakamata, Y.
Kawakami, E.
Nakano, I.
Oyanagi, K.
Prediction of tissue survival after stroke based on changes in the apparent diffusion of water (cytotoxicedema)	137	(4)
Sakoh, M.
Ohnishi, T.
Ostergaard, L.
Gjedde, A.
Recovery of apparent diffusion coefficient after embolic stroke does not signify complete salvage of post-ischemic neuronal tissue	141	(6)
Tanaka, Y.
Kuroiwa, T.
Miyasaka, N.
Tanabe, F.
Nagaoka, T.
Ohno, K.
Temporal evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 value following transient focal cerebral ischemia in gerbils	147	(6)
Yamada, I.
Kuroiwa, T.
Endo, S.
Miyasaka, N.
Prediction of malignant infarction: perifocal neurochemical monitoring following prolonged MCA occlusion in cats	153	(6)
Toyota, S.
Graf, R.
Valentino, M.
Yoshimine, T.
Heiss, W.-D.
A comparison of long-term neurological symptoms after two different focal ischemic models in Mongolian gerbils	159	(4)
Ishibashi, S.
Kuroiwa, T.
Endo, S.
Okeda, R.
Mizusawa, H.
Thrombin exacerbates brain edema in focal cerebral ischemia	163	(4)
Hua, Y.
Wu, J.
Keep, R. F.
Hoff, J. T.
Xi, G.
Infiltration of tissue plasminogen activator through cerebral vessels: evaluation using a rat thromboembolic stroke model	167	(2)
Kano, T.
Harada, T.
Katayama, Y.
Mice deficient in cytosolic phospholipase A2 are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury	169	(4)
Tabuchi, S.
Uozumi, N.
Ishii, S.
Shimizu, Y.
Watanabe, T.
Shimizu, T.
Regional distribution of potassium and phosphorus in ischemic brain tissue of rats with X-ray fluorescence analysis	173	(4)
Mituhashi, T.
Hatashita, S.
Ogino, I.
Changes of free cholesterol and neutral lipids after transient focal brain ischemia in rats	177	(4)
Kamada, H.
Sato, K.
Iwai, M.
Ohta, K.
Nagano, I.
Shoji, M.
Abe, K.
Osteopontin infusion into normal adult rat brain fails to increase cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and subventricular zone	181	(6)
Sailor, K. A.
Dhodda, V. K.
Raghavendra Rao, V. L.
Dempsey, R. J.
Dissociative increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells between young and aged rats after transient cerebral ischemia	187	(4)
Ohta, K.
Iwai, M.
Sato, K.
Omori, N.
Nagano, I.
Shoji, M.
Abe, K.
Suppression of oxidative stress after transient focal ischemia in interleukin-1 knock out mice	191	(4)
Ohtaki, H.
Takaki, A.
Yin, L.
Dohi, K.
Nakamachi, T.
Matsunaga, M.
Horai, R.
Asano, M.
Iwakura, Y.
Shioda, S.
Mild hypothermia enhances the neuroprotective effects of a selective thrombin inhibitor following transient focal ischemia in rats	195	(4)
Kamiya, T.
Nito, C.
Ueda, M.
Kato, K.
Amemiya, S.
Terashi, A.
Katayama, Y.
The neuroprotective effect of a free radical scavenger and mild hypothermia following transient focal ischemia in rats	199	(6)
Nito, C.
Kamiya, T.
Amemiya, S.
Katoh, K.
Katayama, Y.
Therapeutical efficacy of a novel non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist on brain edema formation and ischemic tissue damage in focal cerebral ischemia	205	(4)
Zausinger, S.
Lumenta, D. B.
Pruneau, D.
Schmid-Elsaesser, R.
Plesnila, N.
Baethmann, A.
Iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake in the brain is increased after experimental cerebral venous hypertension in the rat	209	(4)
Yamada, M.
Yuzawa, I.
Fujii, K.
Vasogenic edema and VEGF expression in a rat two-vein occlusion model	213	(6)
Kimura, R.
Nakase, H.
Sakaki, T.
Taoka, T.
Tsuji, T.
Astroglial swelling in the neuronal depolarization ensemble	219	(4)
Tomita, M.
Tanahashi, N.
Takeda, H.
Takao, M.
Tomita, Y.
Amano, T.
Fukuuchi, Y.
An Na+ /H+ exchanger inhibitor suppresses cellular swelling and neuronal death induced by glutamate in cultured cortical neurons	223	(4)
Yamamoto, S.
Matsumoto, Y.
Suzuki, Y.
Tsuboi, T.
Terakawa, S.
Ohashi, N.
Umemura, K.
Akt phosphorylation and cell survival after hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release in superfused respiring neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices	227	(4)
Hirai, K.
Hayashi, T.
Chan, P. H.
Basus, V. J.
James, T. L.
Litt, L.
The spinal GDNF level is increased after transient spinal cord ischemia in the rat	231	(6)
Tokumine, J.
Sugahara, K.
Kakinohana, O.
Marsala, M.
Clinical ischemia
Identification of malignant brain edema after hemispheric stroke by PET-imaging and microdialysis	237	(4)
Heiss, W.-D.
Dohmen, C.
Sobesky, J.
Kracht, L.
Bosche, B.
Staub, F.
Toyota, S.
Valentino, M.
Graf, R.
Cerebral blood flow index image as a simple indicator for the fate of acute ischemic lesion	241	(6)
Igarashi, H.
Hamamoto, M.
Yamaguchi, H.
Ookubo, S.
Nagashima, J.
Nagayama, H.
Amemiya, S.
Arii, K.
Sakamaki, M.
Katayama, Y.
Transient elevation of serum Bilirubin (a heme oxygenase-1 metabolite) level in hemorrhagic stroke: bilirubin is a marker of oxidant stress	247	(4)
Dohi, K.
Mochizuki, Y.
Satoh, K.
Jimbo, H.
Hayashi, M.
Toyoda, I.
Ikeda, Y.
Abe, T.
Aruga, T.
Relation between brain oxygen metabolism and temperature gradient between brain and bladder	251	(6)
Sakurai, A.
Kinoshita, K.
Atsumi, T.
Moriya, T.
Utagawa, A.
Hayashi, N.
Experimental trauma
Neuropeptide release influences brain edema formation after diffuse traumatic brain injury	257	(4)
Vink, R.
Young, A.
Bennett, C. J.
Hu, X.
Connor, C. O.
Cernak, I.
Nimmo, A. J.
Modulation of Aquaporin-4 water transport in a model of TBI	261	(4)
Amorini, A. M.
Dunbar, J. G.
Marmarou, A.
Correlation of lesion volume and brain swelling from a focal brain trauma	265	(2)
Eriskat, J.
Furst, M.
Stoffel, M.
Baethmann, A.
A role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in hippocampal degeneration after cerebral trauma or kainate-induced seizure	267	(4)
Otani, N.
Nawashiro, H.
Nomura, N.
Fukui, S.
Tsuzuki, N.
Ishihara, S.
Shima, K.
Antioxidant properties of the vasoactive endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)	271	(6)
McCarron, R. M.
Shohami, E.
Panikashvili, D.
Chen, Y.
Golech, S.
Strasser, A.
Mechoulam, R.
Spatz, M.
Very early expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in brain oedema tissue associated with brain contusion	277	(4)
Suzuki, R.
Fukai, N.
Nagashijma, G.
Asai, J.-I.
Itokawa, H.
Nagai, M.
Suzuki, T.
Fujimoto, T.
Changes of perivascular macrophages in the process of brain edema induced by cold injury	281	(6)
Wang, J.
Takeuchi, K.
Ookawara, S.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylation in posttraumatic selective vulnerability in rats	287	(4)
Otani, N.
Nawashiro, H.
Tsuzuki, N.
Katoh, H.
Miyazawa, T.
Shima, K.
Treatment of cold injury-induced brain edema with a nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MM1270 in rats	291	(6)
Kawai, N.
Kawanishi, M.
Nagao, S.
Prions prevent brain damage after experimental brain injury: a preliminary report	297	(4)
Hishino, S.
Inoue, K.
Yokoyama, T.
Kobayashi, S.
Asakura, T.
Teramoto, A.
Itohara, S.
The effect of Cyclosporin A on brain edema formation following experimental cortical contusion	301	(4)
Fukui, S.
Signoretti, S.
Dunbar, J. G.
Marmarou, A.
The glutamate AMPA receptor antagonist, YM872, attenuates regional cerebral edema and IgG immunoreactivity following experimental brain injury in rats	305	(4)
Atsumi, T.
Hoshino, S.
Furukawa, T.
Kobayashi, S.
Asakura, T.
Takahashi, M.
Yamamoto, Y.
Teramoto, A.
Effects of edaravone on experimental brain injury in view of free radical reaction	309	(4)
Nakamura, H.
Uzura, M.
Uchida, K.
Nakayama, H.
Furuya, Y.
Hayashi, T.
Sekino, H.
Ominato, M.
Owada, S.
Antioxidant compounds EGB-761 and BN-52021 attenuate brain edema formation and hemeoxygenase expression following hyperthermic brain injury in the rat	313	(10)
Sharma, H. S.
Drieu, K.
Westmann, J.
Clinical trauma
Edema fluid accumulation within necrotic brain tissue as a cause of the mass effect of cerebral contusion in head trauma patients	323	(6)
Katayama, Y.
Kawamata, T.
Ultra-early study of edema formation in cerebral contusion using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping	329	(4)
Maeda, T.
Katayama, Y.
Kawamata, T.
Koyama, S.
Sasaki, J.
Mixed dishomogeneous hemorrhagic brain contusions. Mapping of cerebral blood flow	333	(6)
Chieregato, A.
Fainardi, E.
Tanfani, A.
Martino, C.
Pransani, V.
Cocciolo, F.
Targa, L.
Servadei, F.
Neuronal damage in pericontusional edema zone	339	(4)
Kushi, H.
Saito, T.
Makino, K.
Hayashi, N.
Characteristics of parietal-parasagittal hemorrhage after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury	343	(4)
Kinoshita, K.
Kushi, H.
Hayashi, N.
L-8 is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in severe traumatic brain injuries	347	(4)
Kushi, H.
Saito, T.
Makino, K.
Hayashi, N.
The risk factors for the occurrence of acute brain swelling in acute subdural hematoma	351	(4)
Saito, T.
Kushi, H.
Makino, K.
Hayashi, N.
Volume-targeted therapy of increased intracranial pressure	355	(6)
Nordstrom, C.-H.
Induced acute arterial hypertension and regional cerebral flow in intracontusional low density area	361	(6)
Chieregato, A.
Fainardi, E.
Tanfani, A.
Sabia, G.
Martino, C.
Pascarella, R.
Servadei, F.
Targa, L.
The importance of decompressive craniectomy for the management of severe head injuries	367	(6)
Meier, U.
Grawe, A.
Importance of hemodynamics management in patients with severe head injury and during hypothermia	373	(4)
Kinoshita, K.
Hayashi, N.
Sakurai, A.
Utagawa, A.
Moriya, T.
Changes in cerebrovascular response during brain hypothermia after traumatic brain injury	377	(6)
Kinoshita, K.
Hayashi, N.
Sakurai, A.
Utagawa, A.
Moriya, T.
Spinal cord trauma
Neurotrophic factors attenuate microvascular permeability disturbances and axonal injury following trauma to the rat spinal cord	383	(6)
Sharma, H. S.
Depletion of endogenous serotonin synthesis with p-CPA attenuates upregulation of constitutive isoform of heme oxygenase-2 expression, edema formation and cell injury following a focal trauma to the rat spinal cord	389	(6)
Sharma, H. S.
Westman, J.
High frequency electrical stimulation attenuates progressive necrosis and cavitation following spinal cord injury	395	(4)
Fujiki, M.
Kobayashi, H.
Isono, M.
Low molecular weight compounds with affinity to melanocortin receptors exert neuroprotection in spinal cord injury	399	(8)
Sharma, H. S.
Lundstedt, T.
Flardh, M.
Westman, J.
Post, C.
Skottner, A.
Topical application of TNF-α antiserum attenuates spinal cord trauma induced edema formation, microvascular permeability disturbances and cell injury in the rat	407	(8)
Sharma, H. S.
Winkler, T.
Stalberg, E.
Gordh, T.
Alm, P.
Westman, J.
A new antioxidant compound H-290/51 attenuates spinal cord injury induced expression of constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase and edema formation in the rat	415	(6)
Sharma, H. S.
Sjoquist, P.-O.
Alm, P.
Src family kinase inhibition PP1 improves motor function by reducing edema after spinal cord contusion in rats	421	(4)
Akiyama, C.
Yuguchi, T.
Nishio, M.
Fujinaka, T.
Taniguchi, M.
Nakajima, Y.
Yoshimine, T.
An L-type calcium channel blocker, nimodipine influences trauma induced spinal cord conduction and axonal injury in the rat	425	(8)
Winkler, T.
Sharma, H. S.
Stalberg, E.
Badgaiyan, R. D.
Gordh, T.
Westman, J.
Multiple hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) expands the therapeutic window in acute spinal cord injury in rats	433	(8)
Huang, L.
Mehta, M. P.
Eichhorn, J. H.
Nanda, A.
Zhang, J. H.
Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage
The international surgical trial in intracerebral haemorrhage (ISTICH)	441	(4)
Mendelow, A. D.
Chronological changes of perihematomal edema of human intracerebral hematoma	445	(4)
Inaji, M.
Tomita, H.
Tone, O.
Tamaki, M.
Suzuki, R.
Ohno, K.
Thrombin preconditoning upregulates transferrin and transferrin receptor and reduces brain edema induced by lysed red blood cells	449	(4)
Xi, G.
Wu, J.
Jiang, Y.
Hua, Y.
Keep, R. F.
Hoff, J. T.
Effect of hypothermia on brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats	453	(4)
Kawanishi, M.
Effect of delayed argatroban treatment on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced edema in the rat	457	(6)
Kitaoka, T.
Hua, Y.
Xi, G.
Nagao, S.
Hoff, J. T.
Keep, R. F.
Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces brain edema induced by intracerebral hemorrhage and thrombin	463	(6)
Masada, T.
Hua, Y.
Xi, G.
Yang, G.-Y.
Hoff, J. T.
Keep, R. F.
Nagao, S.
The role of haematoma aspiration in the management of patients with thalamic haemorrhage: a pilot study with continuous compliance monitoring	469	(4)
Ng, S. C. P.
Poon, W. S.
Chan, M. T. V.
Acute decrease of cerebrocortical microflow and lack of carbon dioxide reactivity following subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat	473	(4)
Jarus-Dziedzic, K.
Czernicki, Z.
Kozniewska, E.
Heat shock proteins expression in brain stem after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats	477	(6)
Satoh, M.
Tang, J.
Nanda, A.
Zhang, J. H.
Apoptosis, blood-brain barrier, and subarachnoid hemorrhage	483	(6)
Gules, I.
Satoh, M.
Nanda, A.
Zhang, J. H.
Focal brain edema and natriuretic peptides in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage	489	(6)
Fukui, S.
Nawashiro, H.
Otani, N.
Ooigawa, H.
Toyooka, T.
Tsuzuki, N.
Katoh, H.
Ishihara, S.
Miyazawa, T.
Ohnuki, A.
Shima, K.
Tumor
Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 4 expression in human brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and in peritumoral tissue	495	(4)
Badaut, J.
Brunet, J. F.
Grollimund, L.
Hamou, M. F.
Magistretti, P. J.
Villemure, J. G.
Regli, L.
Aquaporin-1 expression in human glial tumors suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for tumor-associated edema	499	(4)
Oshio, K.
Binder, D. K.
Bollen, A.
Verkman, A. S.
Berger, M. S.
Manley, G. T.
A thrombin inhibitor reduces brain edema, glioma mass and neurological deficits in a rat glioma model	503	(4)
Hua, Y.
Keep, R. F.
Schallert, T.
Hoff, J. T.
Xi, G.
Tissue reconstruction process in the area of peri-tumoural oedema caused by glioblastoma -- immunohistochemical and graphical analysis using brain obtained at autopsy	507	(6)
Nagashima, G.
Suzuki, R.
Asai, J.-I.
Noda, M.
Fujimoto, M.
Fujimoto, T.
Radiation necrosis and brain edema association with CyberKnife treatment	513	(6)
Sato, K.
Baba, Y.
Inoue, M.
Omori, R.
Vacular endothelial growth factor expression in pituitary adenomas	519	(6)
Fukui, S.
Nawashiro, H.
Otani, N.
Ooigawa, H.
Yano, A.
Nomura, N.
Tokumaru, M.
Miyazawa, T.
Ohnuki, A.
Tsuzuki, N.
Katoh, H.
Ishihara, S.
Shima, K.
Hydrocephalus
Aquaporin-1 delection reduces osmotic water permeability and cerebrospinal fluid production	525	(4)
Oshio, K.
Song, Y.
Verkman, A. S.
Manley, G. T.
Hysteresis of the cerebrospinal pressure-volume curve in hydrocephalus	529	(4)
Kasprowicz, M.
Czosnyka, M.
Czosnyka, Z.
Momjian, S.
Smielewski, P.
Juniewicz, H.
Pickard, J. D.
Is decreased ventricular volume a correlate of positive clinical outcome following shunt placement in cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus?	533	(6)
Meier, U.
Paris, S.
Grawe, A.
Stockheim, D.
Hajdukova, A.
Mutze, S.
The ICP-dependency of resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a new mathematical method for CSI-parameter calculation in a model with H-Tx rats	539	(6)
Meier, U.
Kiefer, M.
Metabolic derangements in interstitial brain edema with preserved blood flow: selective vulnerability of the hippocampal CA3 region in rat hydrocephalus	545	(4)
Kawamata, T.
Katayama, Y.
Tsuji, N.
Nishimoto, H.
MRI analysis of hydrocephalus associated with acoustic neurinoma	549	(6)
Wada, K.
Nawashiro, H.
Shimizu, A.
Shima, K.
Blood brain barrier, miscellaneous
Non-invasive opening of BBB by focused ultrasound	555	(4)
Hynynen, K.
McDannold, N.
Vykhodtseva, N.
Jolesz, F. A.
Quantitative analysis of hyperosmotic and hypothermic blood-brain barrier opening	559	(6)
Ikeda, M.
Nagashima, T.
Bhattacharjee, A. K.
Kondoh, T.
Kohmura, E.
Tamaki, N.
Chronic adrenomedullin treatment improves blood-brain barrier function but has no effects on expression of tight junction proteins	565	(6)
Kis, B.
Snipes, J. A.
Deli, M. A.
Abraham, C. S.
Yamashita, H.
Ueta, Y.
Busija, D. W.
Blood brain barrier
Characteristic phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway after kainate-induced seizures in the rat hippocampus	571	(4)
Otani, N.
Nawashiro, H.
Yano, A.
Katoh, H.
Ohnuki, A.
Miyazawa, T.
Shima, K.
Highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) positive cells are increased and change localization in rat hippocampus by exposure to repeated kindled seizures	575	(6)
Sato, K.
Iwai, M.
Zhang, W.-R.
Kamada, H.
Ohta, K.
Omori, N.
Nagano, I.
Shoji, M.
Abe, K.
Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation: clinical and laboratory experience	581	(6)
Czosnyka, M.
Smielewski, P.
Czosnyka, Z.
Piechnik, S.
Steiner, L. A.
Schmidt, E.
Gooskens, I.
Soehle, M.
Lang, E. W.
Matta, B. F.
Pickard, J. D.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH): the early appearance of urinary bladder activity in RI cisternography is a pathognomonic sign of SIH?	587	(4)
Ishihara, S.
Otani, N.
Shima, K.
Roundtable discussion (Brain Edema 2002)	591	(10)
Hakone best presentation award	601	(2)
Author Index	603	(4)
Index of Keywords	607