Brain Tumors: Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment

by Baehring; Joachim M.

• ISBN13: 9780849336164
• ISBN10: 0849336163
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-10-03
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Emphasizing new and emerging therapies in each chapter, this reference provides essential information for clinicians to provide accurate diagnoses and select the most appropriate treatment regimens for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and neurological complications of cancer. Edited by a leading cast of authorities on the topic-including the Chief and Associate Editors of the Journal of Neuro-oncology-this easily-accessible guide reviews the epidemiology, identification, and management of brain tumors while exploring the latest advances in this increasingly diverse field.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Contributors	xv
PART I: PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
1. Principles of Neurosurgical Therapy	1	(16)
Eylem Öcal, Ty Thaiyananthan, and Joseph M. Piepmeier
Presurgical Planning	2	(4)
Intraoperative Patient Care	6	(2)
Surgical Techniques	8	(4)
Surgical Adjuncts	12	(2)
Investigative Studies	14	(1)
References	14	(3)
2. Principles of Radiation Therapy	17	(26)
Jonathan P.S. Knisely
Introduction	17	(1)
General Principles	18	(10)
Applications	28	(8)
References	36	(7)
3. Principles of Chemotherapy	43	(26)
Lauren E. Abrey and Nimish Mohile
Introduction	43	(1)
Basic Principles	44	(5)
Unique Aspects Limiting Chemotherapy in Brain Tumors	49	(4)
Specific Chemotherapeutic Agents	53	(9)
Supportive Care	62	(2)
References	64	(5)
4. New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy	69	(24)
Michael Weller and Wolfgang Wick
Introduction	69	(1)
Focus on Inhibition of Survival Pathways	70	(7)
Targets in Motility and Angiogenesis	77	(1)
Measures to Enhance the Apoptotic Machinery in Glioma Cells	78	(5)
Immunotherapy: Strategies to Overcome the Disease	83	(4)
Future Prospects	87	(1)
References	88	(5)
5. Imaging in Neurooncology	93	(28)
Wilhelm Küker and Thomas Nägele
Detecting a Lesion	94	(2)
Differential Diagnosis	96	(10)
Treatment Planning	106	(3)
Immediate Treatment Control	109	(6)
Follow-Up	115	(3)
References	118	(3)
6. Neurooncological Syndromes	121	(12)
Joachim M. Baehring
Introduction	121	(1)
Syndromes of the Central Neuraxis	121	(5)
Peripheral Syndromes	126	(1)
Syndromes Associated with Increased ICP, Disturbances of Spinal Fluid Flow, and Cerebral Herniation	126	(3)
Meningeal Syndromes	129	(1)
Extradural Syndromes of Cranium, Skull Base, and Spinal Canal	130	(3)
7. Pathology and Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System	133	(26)
Serguei Bannykh
Neuroepithelial Tumors	133	(16)
Tumors of the Meninges	149	(2)
Tumors of the Sellar Region	151	(1)
Germ Cell Tumors	152	(1)
Tumors of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System	153	(1)
References	154	(5)
PART II: PRIMARY NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS
8. Astrocytic Tumors	159	(34)
Martin J. van den Bent
Introduction	159	(2)
Diffuse Astrocytoma (WHO Grade II)	161	(9)
High-Grade Astrocytomas	170	(11)
Non-Infiltrative Astrocytic Tumors	181	(3)
References	184	(9)
9. Oligodendroglioma and Mixed Tumors	193	(14)
Ravi D. Rao, Jan C. Buckner, and Robert Jenkins
Introduction	193	(1)
Epidemiology and Etiology	194	(1)
Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis	194	(2)
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis	196	(1)
Prognosis	196	(2)
Therapy	198	(1)
Surgery	198	(1)
Radiation	198	(2)
Chemotherapy	200	(4)
References	204	(3)
10. Ependymal Tumors	207	(12)
Mark Dannenbaum and Raymond Sawaya
Introduction	207	(1)
Ependymoma	208	(4)
Intramedullary Ependymoma	212	(1)
Myxopapillary Ependymoma	213	(2)
Subependymoma	215	(1)
References	216	(3)
11. Tumors of the Choroid Plexus	219	(10)
Adrienne C. Weeks and James T. Rutka
History and Epidemiology	219	(1)
Etiology and Cytogenetics	220	(1)
Clinical Features	220	(1)
Imaging	221	(2)
Pathology and Molecular Markers	223	(3)
Treatment	226	(1)
Prognosis	227	(1)
Conclusion	227	(1)
References	228	(1)
12. Neuroepithelial Tumors of Unknown Origin	229	(12)
Jeffrey J. Raizer and Ed Olson
Gliomatosis Cerebri	229	(4)
Astroblastoma	233	(3)
Chordoid Glioma	236	(2)
References	238	(3)
13. Neuronal and Glioneuronal Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System	241	(20)
Tarik Tihan and James Waldron
Introduction	241	(1)
Gangliocytoma and Ganglioglioma	242	(5)
Central Neurocytoma	247	(2)
Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of Cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease)	249	(2)
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor	251	(2)
Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma	253	(2)
Recently Described Glioneuronal Tumors	255	(3)
References	258	(3)
14. Pineal Parenchymal Tumors	261	(8)
Daizo Yoshida and Akira Teramoto
Introduction	261	(1)
Epidemiology	262	(1)
Specific Clinical Features	263	(1)
Diagnosis in MRI	263	(1)
Pathology	264	(2)
Prognosis and Management	266	(2)
References	268	(1)
15. Embryonal Tumors	269	(22)
Roger J. Packer, Tobev MacDonald, and Gilbert Vezina
Introduction	269	(1)
Medulloblastoma	270	(11)
Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors	281	(3)
Pineoblastomas	284	(1)
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors	284	(3)
Other Embryonal Tumors	287	(1)
References	287	(4)
16. Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors	291	(16)
Sajeel Chowdhary, Marc Chamberlain, and Amyn M. Rojiani
Introduction	291	(1)
Olfactory Neuroblastoma	292	(5)
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor	297	(5)
References	302	(5)
17. Meningiomas	307	(18)
Marcus L. Ware, Anita Lal, and Michael W. McDermott
Introduction	307	(1)
Epidemiology	307	(1)
Meningioma Classification	308	(13)
Conclusion	321	(1)
References	321	(4)
18. Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasms of Mesenchymal Origin	325	(16)
Evanthia Galanis
Introduction	325	(1)
Meningeal Hemangiopericytoma	325	(6)
Primary Central Nervous System Sarcomas	331	(1)
Epidemiology	331	(1)
Presentation	332	(1)
Imaging	332	(1)
Pathology	332	(3)
Treatment	335	(1)
Prognosis	335	(1)
References	336	(5)
19. Primary Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System	341	(12)
Joachim M. Baehring and Fred H. Hochberg
Epidemiology	341	(1)
Pathogenesis	342	(1)
Clinical Presentation	343	(1)
Diagnosis	344	(3)
Management	347	(2)
References	349	(4)
20. Tumors of the Sellar Region: Craniopharyngioma and Pituitary Adenoma	353	(22)
Oren N. Gottfried, William T. Couldwell, and Martin H. Weiss
Craniopharyngioma	353	(9)
Pituitary Adenoma	362	(9)
References	371	(4)
21. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors	375	(12)
Joachim M. Baehring and Serguei Bannykh
Schwannoma and Neurofibroma	375	(5)
Perineurioma	380	(1)
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor	381	(3)
References	384	(3)
22. Germinoma, Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors	387	(16)
Masao Matsutani
Introduction	387	(1)
Histological Classification	388	(1)
Sex and Age Distribution	389	(1)
Tumor Location	390	(3)
Clinical Symptoms and Signs	393	(1)
Radiological Findings	393	(2)
Serum Titers of AFP, HCG (HCG-β), and PLAP	395	(1)
Treatment: Past and Present	395	(5)
References	400	(3)
PART III: NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER
23. Central Nervous System Metastases	403	(24)
Evert C.A. Kaal and Charles J. Vecht
Introduction	403	(1)
Natural History of Brain Metastases	404	(1)
Clinical Features	405	(1)
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis	406	(3)
Prognostic Factors	409	(1)
Symptomatic Management	410	(2)
Surgery	412	(1)
Primary Radiotherapy	412	(4)
Chemotherapy	416	(2)
Therapeutic Strategy for Brain Metastasis	418	(1)
Intramedullary Metastasis	418	(4)
Concluding Remarks	422	(1)
References	422	(5)
24. Increased Intracranial Pressure and Extradural Compression Syndromes	427	(20)
Scott R. Plotkin and Jeanine T. Grier
Increased Intracranial Pressure	427	(2)
Causes of Increased ICP	429	(8)
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndromes	437	(2)
Compression Syndromes	439	(4)
Future Directions	443	(1)
References	444	(3)
25. Leptomeningeal Cancer	447	(10)
Joachim M. Baehring and Serguei Bannykh
Introduction	447	(1)
Pathogenesis	448	(1)
Clinical Presentation	448	(1)
Diagnosis	449	(3)
Differential Diagnosis	452	(1)
Management	453	(2)
Prognosis	455	(1)
References	455	(2)
26. Neurovascular Complications of Cancer	457	(10)
Vineeta Singh and Terry Neill
Introduction	457	(1)
Ischemic Stroke	457	(5)
Subdural Hematoma	462	(1)
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis	462	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	463	(1)
References	464	(3)
27. Symptomatic Epilepsy	467	(12)
Lawrence M. Cher
Introduction	467	(1)
Epidemiology	467	(1)
Specific Clinical Features	468	(1)
Etiology	469	(1)
Diagnosis	469	(1)
Therapy	470	(6)
Conclusion	476	(1)
References	476	(3)
28. Cancer and the Peripheral Nervous System	479	(18)
Kleopas A. Kleopa and Theodoros Kyriakides
Direct Effects of Malignancy	479	(3)
Remote Effects of Malignancy	482	(8)
Iatrogenic Effects in Cancer Patients	490	(4)
References	494	(3)
29. Neurological Complications of Cancer Therapy	497	(18)
Jerzy Hildebrand and Antony Béhin
Introduction	497	(1)
Complications of Surgery	497	(1)
Complications of Radiotherapy	498	(7)
Complications of Medical Treatments	505	(5)
Bone Marrow Transplantation and Infections	510	(1)
References	511	(4)
30. Paraneoplastic Autoimmunity Affecting the Nervous System	515	(26)
Sean J. Pittock and Vanda A. Lennon
Introduction	515	(8)
Neoplasms Commonly Encountered with Autoimmune Neurological Presentations	523	(1)
Clinical Presentations	523	(8)
Diagnostic Evaluation	531	(2)
Pathogenesis	533	(1)
Therapy	534	(2)
References	536	(5)
Index	541	(16)
About the Editors	557