Brazil has almost 27 per cent of the remaining global tropical moist forest and its importance to world biodiversity is unparalleled. Brazil is also the world's largest consumer of tropical wood products and consumes about 86 per cent of its own production. The forests are under pressure from deforestation from agricultural expansion, logging, and development, particularly road building. Forest fires and weak environmental policies also contribute. This case study is one of six evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's 1991 Forest Strategy.

Foreword

vii

Acknowledgments

xi

Acronyms

xv

Summary

xix

Introduction

1

(6)

Scope of the Study

4

(2)

Organization of the Report

6

(1)

PART I: THE FORESTS AND FOREST SECTOR IN BRAZIL

7

(74)

How Much Forest Is There?

7

(6)

The Amazon

7

(1)

The Atlantic Forest

8

(1)

Changes in Forest Cover

9

(4)

The Economic Importance of Brazil's Forests

13

(4)

Size of the Forest Sector

13

(1)

International Trade

14

(3)

Pressures on the Forests

17

(32)

Deforestation and Government Policies

19

(1)

Forest Regulation

20

(3)

Weak Institutional Environment and Enforcement

23

(1)

Logging

24

(2)

Agricultural Expansion

26

(1)

Smallholder Agriculture in the Western Amazon

27

(8)

Agriculture Expansion in Parana

35

(4)

Development

39

(4)

Forest Fires

43

(3)

Agricultural Credit

46

(3)

Protecting Brazil's Forests: The Role of Parks and Plantations

49

(8)

Protected Areas

50

(3)

Plantation Forestry

53

(4)

Important Issues in the Forest Sector

57

(24)

Costs and Benefits of Managed Forests in Brazil

57

(3)

Conservation Solutions

60

(4)

Certification

64

(3)

Indigenous Communities

67

(3)

Extraction of Non-Timber Forest Products

70

(2)

Forest Research and Forest Technology

72

(2)

The Changing Role of the Public Sector

74

(3)

The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations

77

(4)

PART II: THE WORLD BANK AND BRAZIL

81

(54)

Overview

81

(2)

The Bank Program in Brazil

83

(12)

Country Assistance Strategies

83

(4)

New Environmental Strategy

87

(1)

Economic and Sector Work Since 1991

88

(2)

World Bank Lending Portfolio

90

(5)

Evaluation of the Bank Program in Brazil

95

(30)

Minas Gerais Forestry Development

95

(4)

Northwest Region Integration Program (Polonoroeste)

99

(5)

Rondonia and Mato Grosso Natural Resource Management Projects

104

(5)

Emergency Fire Prevention

109

(1)

Land Management Projects

109

(3)

Agriculture and Forestry Technology Development

112

(1)

Global Environment Facility

113

(2)

Pilot Program to Conserve the Amazon Rain Forest (PPG-7)

115

(3)

Projects with Possible Impacts on Forests

118

(4)

Transportation Projects and the Forests of Brazil

122

(1)

Land Reform Projects

123

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

125

(10)

Summary Evaluation

126

(7)

Conclusion

133

(2)

Annexes

135

(44)

Supplemental Tables

135

(6)

The 1991 Forest Strategy

141

(2)

Economic Background

143

(3)

World Bank Inspection Panel Findings for the Planfloro Project

146

(2)

OED- and QAG-Evaluated Projects

148

(12)

Summary of November 1999 Brasilia Workshop and Stakeholder Comments

160

(14)

Summary of March 2000 Brasilia Workshop

174

(5)

Endnotes

179

(6)

Bibliography

185

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.