Bridging the Gap College Reading

by Smith, Brenda D.; Morris, LeeAnn

• ISBN13: 9780134996318
• ISBN10: 0134996313
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780135300343
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780134072760, 9780134679211
• Edition: 13th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2019-01-24
• Publisher: Pearson
• More Book Details

Summary

For courses in Developmental Reading.

A comprehensive guide to reading, understanding, and retaining college-level material

Bridging the Gap: College Reading is trusted for its scaffolded approach to building upon prior knowledge, or schemata, and its unmatched quality and quantity of exercises. The higher-level text in the acclaimed Smith/Morris two-book series, it gives students ample opportunities to apply their skills, ultimately building new “bridges” with text-to-text, text-to-world, and text-to-self connections.

The 13th Edition upholds the philosophy and approach of previous editions, but in an updated and contemporary manner. The authors encourage students to build on their previous reading experience to develop strategies for the demands of college reading; each chapter is a stepping stone to the next. Readings have been updated throughout and include many engaging, relevant topics pertinent to the college community. Examples from respected sources such as The Associated Press and the Los Angeles Times model strong writing, and lexile levels have been added next to longer readings.

Also available with MyLab Reading 

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Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab Reading does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab Reading, ask your instructor to confirm the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

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Author Biography

Dr. Brenda Smith, Professor Emerita of Georgia State University, is the author of Bridging the Gap: College Reading, Breaking Through: College Reading, and the Reader’s Handbook . Dr. Smith has authored other books on college reading and test-taking, and was the general editor of a series of study skills books for five different content areas.  Dr. Smith taught Developmental Studies Reading at GSU and developed Freshman Orientation courses for the university. She was twice awarded “Outstanding Article of the Journal of Developmental Education.” Other awards include Distinguished Alumni Professor, Distinguished Georgia Educator, and  Georgia Reading Teacher of the Year. Dr. Smith lives in Atlanta and serves on the Advisory Boards of the Shepherd Spinal Center and the Members Guild of the Atlanta History Center.

 

Dr. LeeAnn Morris has more than 20 years of community college teaching experience and is committed to helping students achieve their college and career goals. She takes great satisfaction in continuing Brenda Smith’s legacy of excellence by shepherding Breaking Through: College Reading and Bridging the Gap: College Reading through their current editions.

 

LeeAnn is a Distinguished Faculty professor at San Jacinto College near Houston, where she has been honored with the Outstanding Faculty Award. She served as chair of the College Preparatory Department and is delighted to return to the classroom full time to teach two levels of integrated reading and writing courses.

 

LeeAnn is an avid reader and believer in the power and pleasure of lifelong reading. She has done extensive research on reading workshop approaches for college developmental reading students. She has witnessed the satisfaction and growth that come from reading often and widely and has incorporated the reading workshop concept into her teaching, along with Breaking Through and Bridging the Gap .

Table of Contents

1. ACTIVE ACADEMIC READING  

What Is Active Academic Reading? 

What Can We Learn From Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience? 

Brain Booster: Are You Paying Attention? 

Help Your Brain Absorb New Information 

Poor Concentration: Causes and Cures 

External Distractions 

Internal Distractions 

Brain Booster: Are You Curious? 

Reader’s Tip: Improving Concentration 

Reader’s Tip: Managing Electronic Communication

Is Reading Rate Important? 

Varying Rate and Technique to Fit Purpose 

Rate Variations and Prior Knowledge 

Reader’s Tip: Efficient Reading: Adjusting Rate and Technique to Material and Purpose 

What Is Your Baseline Reading Rate? 

Brain Booster: Music to Our Ears and to Our Brains 

Habits for Faster Reading 

Plan for Success on Reading Comprehension Tests 

Before Taking a Test 

Brain Booster: Balance Memorization and Application in Test Preparation 

During the Test 

After the Test 

Brain Booster: Turn Mistakes into Successes 

Major Types of Comprehension Questions 

Main Idea Questions

Detail Questions

Inference Questions

Author’s Purpose Questions

Vocabulary Questions

Essay Questions

Reader’s Tip: Key Words in Essay Questions 

Locus of Control 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Psychology  

“Are you Stalling? Win the Battle Against Procrastination!” 

from Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise G. Boyd

CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY 

SELECTION 2   History  

“Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls” 

from Jacqueline Jones, et al.

CONCEPT PREP FOR HISTORY

SELECTION 3   Science 

“Is there Enough Earth for Everyone?” 

from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers

CONCEPT PREP FOR SCIENCE

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Over, Under, Around, and Through 

2. STRATEGIC READING AND STUDY

What Is Strategic Reading? 

Four Types of Readers 

The Stages of Reading 

Stage 1: Strategies for Previewing 

Signposts for Previewing 

Reader’s Tip: Ask Questions While Previewing 

Preview to Activate Schemata 

Brain Booster: Schemata and Your Brain 

Stage 2: Strategies for Integrating Knowledge While Reading 

Integrating Ideas: How Do Good Readers Think? 

Metacognition 

Reader’s Tip: Using Thinking Strategies While Reading 

Reader’s Tip: Developing Metacognition for Reading 

Stage 3: Strategies for Recalling 

Recalling Through Writing 

The Three Steps of Recalling

Reader’s Tip: Thinking After Reading 

Brain Booster: Use It to Remember It! 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   History  

“Madam C. J. Walker: Business Savvy to Generous Philanthropy” 

from America.gov Archive

SELECTION 2   Health  

“High-Risk Drinking and College Students” 

from Rebecca J. Donatelle and Patricia Ketchum

SELECTION 3   Business

“The Entrepreneurial Spirit” 

from Robert S. Feldman

CONCEPT PREP FOR BUSINESS  

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

3. ORGANIZING TEXTBOOK INFORMATION FOR STUDY

Get Organized for College Study 

Building Knowledge Networks 

The Study Process 

Organizing Textbook Information 

Brain Booster: Exercise to Boost Brain Power 

Annotating 

Why Annotate? 

Reader’s Tip: How to Annotate 

When to Annotate 

Note Taking 

When and How to Take Notes 

The Cornell Method 

Reader’s Tip: How to Take Notes: The Cornell Method 

Outlining 

Reader’s Tip: Guidelines for Successful Outlining 

Brain Booster: Sleep and Problem Solving 

Mapping 

Reader’s Tip: How to Map 

SUMMARY POINTS

SELECTION 1   Business Communications  

“Marketing ‘Tasty Fun’ and ‘Dashing Speed’” 

from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler

CONCEPT PREP FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE

SELECTION 2   Health 

“Managing Stress in College” 

from Rebecca J. Donatelle

CONCEPT PREP FOR HEALTH 

SELECTION 3   Criminal Justice 

“Police DNA Collection Sparks Questions” 

from the Associated Press

CONCEPT PREP FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Who’s Who in Medicine?

4. VOCABULARY

Remembering New Words and Unlocking Meaning 

Associate Words in Phrases 

Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds 

Brain Booster: Use Your Senses to Make More Sense!

Associate Words With Images 

Seek Reinforcement 

Create Concept Cards 

Use Strategies to Unlock Meaning While Reading 

Using Context Clues 

Definition or Synonym Clues 

Elaborating Details Clues 

Examples 

Comparison Clues 

Contrast Clues 

Antonyms 

Limitations of Context Clues 

Multiple Meanings of a Word 

Understanding the Structure of Words 

Using Word Reference Aids 

Using a Dictionary 

Using a Glossary 

Using a Thesaurus 

Brain Booster: Meaning Matters! 

Deepening Word Meaning 

Exploring Word Origins 

Solving Analogies 

Reader’s Tip: Categories of Analogy Relationships 

Studying Easily Confused Words 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Health  

“Mobile Devices, the Internet, and iDisorders” 

from Rebecca J. Donatelle

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: What’s In, What’s Out? What’s Hot, What’s Not? 

5. MAIN IDEA AND SUPPORTING DETAILS

Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details 

What Is a Topic? 

What Is a Main Idea? 

What Are Supporting Details? 

Distinguishing Topics, Main Ideas, and Details: A Closer Look

Strategies for Finding the Main Idea 

Prior Knowledge and Constructing the Main Idea 

Identifying Main Ideas Among Sentences 

Reader’s Tip: Using Three Questions to Find the Main Idea 

Questioning for the Main Idea 

Stated Main Ideas 

The Topic Sentence 

How Common Are Stated Main Ideas? 

Where Are Stated Main Ideas Located? 

What Are Major and Minor Details? 

Reader’s Tip: Signals for Significance 

Unstated Main Ideas 

Unstated Main Ideas in Sentences 

Unstated Main Ideas in Paragraphs

Determining the Main Idea of Longer Selections 

Reader’s Tip: Getting the Main Idea of Longer Selections 

Brain Booster: Brains Need the Right Amount of Sleep

Summary Writing: A Main Idea Skill 

Why Summarize? 

Reader’s Tip: How to Summarize 

Brain Booster: Chronic Stress and the Brain 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Psychology  

“The Obedience Study” 

from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry

CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY

SELECTION 2   Short Story 

“Life with Cooper”

from Julia Jones

CONCEPT PREP FOR LITERATURE 

SELECTION 3   Criminal Justice 

“Fighting Violent Gang Crime with Math” 

from Stuart Wolpert

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: The Sun, the Moon, and the Stars 

6. PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION

Textbook Organization: The Big Picture 

What Do Transitional Words Do? 

Words That Signal Addition 

Words That Signal Examples or Illustrations 

Words That Signal Time or Sequence 

Words That Signal Comparison 

Words That Signal Contrast 

Reader’s Tip: Transitions and Their Functions 

Words That Signal Cause and Effect 

Patterns of Organization in Textbooks 

Brain Booster: Brains Like Patterns 

Simple Listing 

Definition 

Description 

Time Order, Sequence, or Narration 

Comparison 

Contrast 

Comparison and Contrast 

Cause and Effect 

Classification 

Summary 

Location or Spatial Order 

Generalization and Example 

Reader’s Tip: Patterns of Organization and Signal Words 

Clues to the Organizational Pattern 

Brain Booster: Watering the Brain 

Mixed Organizational Patterns 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Communications  

“Managing Conflict” 

from Joseph A. DeVito

SELECTION 2   History 

“North Americans Before Columbus” 

from David Goldfield, et al.

Concept Prep for Art History 

SELECTION 3   Business 

“The Dark Side of Consumer Behavior” 

from Michael R. Solomon

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Can I Get That in Writing? 

7. INFERENCE

What Is an Inference? 

What Is Required to Make a Reasonable Inference? 

Implied Meaning in Humor 

Brain Booster: The Brain’s Pleasure Center and Learning 

Connotative Language 

Euphemisms and Politically Correct Language 

Figurative Language 

Idioms 

Similes 

Metaphors 

Hyperbole 

Personification 

Verbal Irony 

Figurative Language in Poetry 

Clues to Making Logical Inferences 

Inferences Based on Facts 

Inferences Based on the Voice of a Speaker or Narrator 

Inferences Based on Action and Description 

Inferences Based on Prior Knowledge 

Brain Booster: Boost Brain Power Through Collaboration 

Expanding Prior Knowledge 

Reader’s Tip: Making Inferences 

Drawing Conclusions 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Short Story  

“A Dip in the Poole” 

from Bill Pronzini

CONCEPT PREP FOR PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE 

SELECTION 2   Philosophy/Religion 

“Religion Today” 

from Mary Pat Fisher and Robin Rinehart

SELECTION 3   Personal Narrative 

“Fear the College Years” 

from John Corcoran

CONCEPT PREP FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE 

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Say, What? 

8. POINT OF VIEW

What Is the Author’s Point of View? 

Textbooks and the Author’s Point of View 

What Is Bias? 

Reader’s Tip: Questions to Uncover Bias 

The Importance of the Reader’s Point of View 

Brain Booster: Male and Female Brains and Their Points of View 

What Are Facts and Opinions? 

What Is the Author’s Purpose? 

What Is the Author’s Tone? 

Reader’s Tip: Recognizing an Author’s Tone 

Using Tone and Other Clues to Determine the Point of View in Editorial Cartoons 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Philosophy  

“Decision” 

from Gary R. Kirby and Jeffery R. Goodpaster

SELECTION 2   Science 

“Earth’s Changing Climate” 

from Teresa Audesirk and Gerald Audesirk

SELECTION 3   Psychology 

“Mental Disorder and Personal Responsibility” 

from Carole Wade and Carol Tavris

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Lights, Camera, Action! 

9. GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS

What Graphics Do 

Reader’s Tip: How to Read Graphic Illustrations 

Types of Graphic Illustrations 

Diagrams 

Tables 

Maps 

Pie Graphs 

Bar Graphs 

Cumulative Bar Graphs 

Line Graphs 

Flowcharts 

SUMMARY POINTS 

SELECTION 1   Personal Narrative  

“Little Income, Big Debt: Managing Money in College” 

from Trent Hamm

SELECTION 2   Health 

“Get Fit!” 

from J.Scott K. Powers and Stephen L. Dodd

SELECTION 3   Teacher Education 

“Freedom of Speech, Technology, and Teaching” 

from Don Kauchak and Paul Eggen

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Play It Again, Sam 

10. CRITICAL THINKING

What Is Thinking? 

What Is Analytical Thinking? 

What Is Critical Thinking? 

Reader’s Tip: Four Habits of Effective Critical Thinkers 

Critical Thinking Skills and College Goals 

Barriers to Critical Thinking 

Recognizing an Argument 

Steps in Analyzing and Evaluating an Argument 

Step 1: Identify the Position on the Issue 

Step 2: Identify the Support in the Argument 

Reader’s Tip: Types of Support for Arguments 

Step 3: Evaluate the Support 

Step 4: Evaluate the Argument 

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning 

Applying the Four Steps of Critical Thinking 

Explanation of the Four Steps 

Creative and Critical Thinking 

Brain Booster: The Creative Brain 

SUMMARY POINTS 

Themed Readings 

Technology, Crime, and Ethics 

SELECTION 1   Criminal Justice  

“Technology and Criminal Opportunity” 

from Frank J. Schmalleger

SELECTION 2   Criminal Justice 

“Technology in the Fight Against Crime” 

from Frank J. Schmalleger

SELECTION 3   Essay 

“The Writer and the Troll” 

from Lindy West

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Foreign Terms 

Glossary 

Credits 

Index 

Progress Chart for Reading Selections (inside rear cover)