Top
Definition and Purpose
Asking Questions About What You Read
Questions to Ask Before You Begin a Close Reading of a Text
Questions to Ask While You Read and Reread Material
Marking Texts
Highlighting Texts
Annotating Texts
Sample Annotated Reading: “Hard Choices” by Patrick Moore
Note Taking
Additional Reading: “Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking” by Henry Wechsler
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Asking Questions
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Marking Texts
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Note Taking
Chapter 2: Quotation
Definition and Purpose
Guidelines on When to Quote Material
Quote Passages When the Author Has Written Something in a Distinctive or Especially Insightful or Interesting Way
Quote Material That Lends Support to a Position You Are Trying to Make in Your Paper
Quote Authorities Who Disagree with a Position You Are Advocating or Who Offer Alternative Explanations or Contradictory Data
Guidelines on When Not to Quote Material
Do Not Quote Passages Merely to Fill Space
Do Not Quote Passages as a Substitute for Thinking
Do Not Quote Passages Because You Do Not Understand the Author’s Ideas Well Enough to Paraphrase Them
Integrating Quotations into Your Writing
Two Basic Types of Quotations
*Reading: “Generation Text”
The Block Quotation
The Integrated Quotation
Altering Quoted Material and Avoiding Misquotations
Summary Chart: Guidelines on Quotations
Summary Chart: Integrating Quotations into Your Writing
Quotation Revision Checklist
Chapter 3: Paraphrase
Definition and Purpose
Qualities of a Good Paraphrase
Thorough
Accurate
Fair
Objective
How to Paraphrase Material
Changing Words
Changing Sentence Structure
Combining Sentences
“Unpacking” Sentences
Combining Strategies: Paraphrasing Longer Passages in Source Texts
Blending Your Writing with Paraphrased Material
Documentation
Summary Chart: How to Paraphrase Material
Paraphrase Revision Checklist
Chapter 4 Summary
Definition and Purpose
Types of Summaries
Qualities of a Good Summary
Comprehensive
Brief
Accurate
Neutral
Independent
How to Summarize a Text
Read, Reread, and Annotate the Source Text
Summarize Each Section of the Source Text
Check the Section Summaries Against the Source Text
How to Write an Abstract
How to Write an Informative Summary Essay
How to Write an Explanatory Summary Essay
Documentation
*Reading: “From Animal House to Big Brother: Student Privacy and Campus Safety in an Age of Accountability,” by Ron Chesbrough
Sample Abstract
Sample Informative Summary
Sample Explanatory Summary
Summary Chart: How to Summarize Texts
Summary Revision Checklist
Chapter 5 Response Essays
Definition and Purpose
Qualities of a Good Response Essay
Honest
Informed
Clear
Well Supported
Writing the Response Essay
Carefully Read the Material
Compose Your Rough Draft
Write Your Conclusion
Revise Your Rough Draft
Sample Response Essay
Sample Essay
Summary Chart: How to Write a Response Essay
Response Essay Revision Checklist
Chapter 6 Critique
Definition and Purpose
The Film Review as Critique
Writing a Critique
Step 1—Carefully Read and Annotate the Source Text
Step 2—Analyze and Evaluate the Reading
Step 3—Write Your Thesis and Decide Which Aspects of the Reading Will Be the Focus of Your Essay
Step 4—Write Your Rough Draft
Step 5—Rewrite Your Critique
*Reading: “Zero Tolerance and Student Dress Codes,” by Nathan L. Essex
*Reading: “A Uniform Look,” by Yasmine Konheim-Kalkstein
Sample Critique Essay
Summary Chart: How to Write a Critique
Critique Revision Checklist
Chapter 7 Rhetorical Analysis of Written Texts
Definition and Purpose
The Rhetorical Situation
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation
Rhetorical Strategies
Content
Structure
Style
Analyzing a Text’s Rhetorical Strategies—An Example
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
A Rhetorical Analysis of Lincoln’s Speech
Writing a Rhetorical Analysis Essay
Step 1—Carefully Read the Assignment
Step 2—Establish the Source Text’s Rhetorical Situation
Step 3—Determine the Author’s Goal
Step 4—Identify and Evaluate the Source Text’s Rhetorical Strategies
Step 5—Determine Your Thesis
Step 6—Write Your Rough Draft
Step 7—Revise Your Essay
Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay
Rhetorical Analysis of Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Summary Chart: How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay
Rhetorical Analysis of Written Texts Revision Checklist
Chapter 8 Rhetorical Analysis of Visual Texts
Definition and Purpose
Reading Visual Texts Critically
Questions Concerning the Visual Text Itself
Questions Concerning the Visual Text’s Creator or Source
Questions Concerning the Visual Text’s Purpose
Questions Concerning the Visual Text’s Audience
Questions Concerning Your Response to the Visual Text
Reading a Visual Text
Questions Concerning the Visual Text
Questions Concerning the Visual Text’s Creator or Source
Questions Concerning the Text’s Purpose
Questions Concerning the Visual Text’s Audience
Questions Concerning Your Response to the Visual Text
Writing an Rhetorical Analysis of a Visual Text
Step 1—Carefully Read the Assignment
Step 2—Analyze and Describe the Text
Step 3—Establish the Text’s Rhetorical Situation
Step 4—Determine How the Text Attempts to Achieve Its Rhetorical Goals
Step 5—Determine Your Thesis
Step 6—Write a Rough Draft
Step 7—Revise Your Essay
Sample Rhetorical Analysis of a Visual Text
Summary Chart: How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis of a Visual Text
Rhetorical Analysis of a Visual Text Revision Checklist
Chapter 9 Informative Synthesis
Definition and Purpose
Types of Synthesis Essays
*Reading: “Media Violence and Children’s Emotions: Beyond the ‘Smoking Gun’,” by Joanne Cantor
*Reading: “Television Violence and Its Efffects on Young Children,” by Betty Jo Simmons, Kelly Stalsworth, and Heather Wentzell
*Reading: “Does Cartoon Violence Beget Aggressive Behavior in Real Life? An Opposing View,” by Fran C. Blumberg, Kirsten P. Bierwirth, and Allison J. Schwartz
Informative Synthesis
Definition
Writing an Informative Synthesis
Sample Informative Synthesis
Summary Chart: How to Write an Informative Synthesis
Informative Synthesis Revision Checklist
Chapter 10 Argumentative Synthesis
Definition
The Elements of Argument
Claims
Grounds
Warrants
Argument and Persuasion
Appeals Based on Reason
Appeals Based on Emotion
Appeals Based on Character and Credibility
Writing an Argumentative Synthesis
Step 1—Analyze the Assignment
Step 2—Annotate and Critique the Readings
Step 3—Formulate a Thesis
Step 4—Choose an Organizational Plan
Step 5—Write Your Rough Draft
Step 6—Revise Your Draft
Check Quotations and Documentation
Sample Argumentative Synthesis
*Reading: “Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad: The Anti-human Values of ‘Animal Rights’,” by Wesley J. Smith
*Reading: “What Has the Animal Rights Movement Done for Animal Welfare?” by Sarah Wolfenshon and Matthew Maguire
*Reading: “Building a culture of Animal Welfare: Past, Present and Future,” by Leticia V. Medina
*Reading: “Animal Suffering: Learning Not to Care and Not to Know,” by William Crain
Summary Chart: How to Write an Argumentative Synthesis
Argumentative Synthesis Revision Checklist
Chapter 11 Plagiarism
Definition
Forms of Plagiarism
Purchasing a Paper
Turning in a Paper Someone Else Has Written for You
Turning in Another Student’s Work without That Student’s Knowledge
Improper Collaboration
Copying a Paper from a Source Text without Proper Acknowledgment
Cutting and Pasting Material from Sources
Lifting Images from the Web or Other Sources
Copying Statistics
Copying Material from a Source Text, Supplying Proper Documentation, but Leaving Out Quotation Marks
Paraphrasing Material from a Reading without Proper Documentation
Self-plagiarism
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Do Your Own Work
Take Good Notes
Paraphrase Properly
Supply Proper Documentation
Online Plagiarism Check
Clarify Collaboration Guidelines
Summary Chart: Plagiarism
Plagiarism Checklist
Chapter 12 Documentation
Definition and Purpose
Types of Documentation
Primary Academic Style Manuals
APA Guidelines
In-Text Documentation
Footnotes and Endnotes
MLA Guidelines
In-Text Documentation
Footnotes and Endnotes
Chapter 13 Reference Lists and Works Cited Entries
Definition and Purpose
APA Format
Sample Reference List Entries
Sample APA-Style Reference List
MLA Format
Sample Works Cited Entries
Electronic Sources of Information
Sample MLA-Style Works Cited List
Chapter 14 Timed Writing Assignments
Definition
A Range of Timed Writing Assignments, Purposes, and Conditions
Common Timed Writing Tasks
Rhetorical Aims
Access to Source Material
Access to Possible Assignments
Qualities of a Good Timed Essay
Appropriate
Concise
Supported
Organized
Clear and Correct
Writing Timed Assignments
Prepare for the Assignment Outside of Class
Read and Analyze the Assignment or Test Question
Plan Your Essay or Answer
Draft Your Essay or Answer
Revise Your Essay or Answer
Proofread Your Essay or Answer
Final Thoughts
Summary Chart: How to Write Timed Essays
Appendix 1 Peer Review Guidelines
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