BRS Embryology

by Dudek, Ronald W.; Fix, James D.

• ISBN13: 9780781757263
• ISBN10: 0781757266
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-10-25
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

BRS Embryology embodies the popular BRS format of succinct outline review of content followed by USMLE-style questions with explanations. The overall content and questions have been updated to reflect the evolving nature of the USMLE.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Prefertilization Events	1	(8)
Sexual Reproduction	1	(1)
Chromosomes	1	(1)
Meiosis	2	(1)
Oogenesis: Female Gametogenesis	2	(2)
Spermatogenesis	4	(1)
Clinical Considerations	4	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 1	6	(2)
Answers and Explanations	8	(1)
Week 1 of Human Development (Days 1--7)	9	(5)
Fertilization	9	(1)
Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation	10	(1)
Implantation	10	(1)
Clinical Considerations	10	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 2	12	(1)
Answers and Explanations	13	(1)
Week 2 of Human Development (Days 8--14)	14	(8)
Further Development of the Embryoblast	14	(1)
Further Development of the Trophoblast	14	(1)
Development of Extraembryonic Mesoderm	14	(1)
Clinical Considerations	15	(7)
Study Questions for Chapter 3	18	(2)
Answers and Explanations	20	(2)
Embryonic Period (Weeks 3--8)	22	(9)
General Considerations	22	(1)
Further Development of the Embryoblast	22	(4)
Vasculogenesis	26	(1)
Hematopoiesis	26	(1)
Clinical Considerations	27	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 4	29	(1)
Answers and Explanations	30	(1)
Cardiovascular System	31	(17)
Formation of Heart Tube	31	(1)
Primitive Heart Tube Dilatations	32	(1)
Dextral Looping	32	(1)
The Aorticopulmonary (AP) Septum	32	(1)
The Atrial Septum	33	(2)
The Atrioventricular (AV) Septum	35	(1)
The Interventricular (IV) Septum	35	(4)
The Conduction System of the Heart	39	(1)
Coronary Arteries	39	(1)
Development of the Arterial System	39	(2)
Development of the Venous System	41	(7)
Study Questions for Chapter 5	43	(3)
Answers and Explanations	46	(2)
Placenta and Amniotic Fluid	48	(13)
Formation of the Placenta	48	(1)
Placental Components: Decidua Basalis and Villous Chorion	48	(1)
Placental Membrane	48	(3)
Placenta as Endocrine Organ	51	(1)
Umbilical Cord	51	(1)
Circulatory System of the Fetus	51	(2)
Amniotic Fluid	53	(1)
Twinning	53	(3)
Clinical Considerations	56	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 6	59	(1)
Answers and Explanations	60	(1)
Nervous System	61	(24)
Overview	61	(1)
Development of the Neural Tube	61	(1)
Neural Crest Cells	62	(2)
Placodes	64	(1)
Vesicle Development of the Neural Tube	64	(1)
Histogenesis of the Neural Tube	64	(2)
Layers of the Early Neural Tube	66	(1)
Development of the Spinal Cord	66	(1)
Development of Myelencephalon	67	(1)
Development of Metencephalon	68	(1)
Development of Mesencephalon	68	(2)
Development of Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis	70	(1)
Development of Telencephalon	70	(3)
Development of Sympathetic Nervous System	73	(1)
Development of Parasympathetic Nervous System	73	(1)
Development of Cranial Nerves	73	(1)
Development of Choroid Plexus	74	(1)
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System	74	(2)
Selected Photographs, Sonograms, and Radiographs of Various Congenital Malformations	76	(9)
Study Questions for Chapter 7	81	(2)
Answers and Explanations	83	(2)
Ear	85	(7)
Overview	85	(1)
The Internal Ear	85	(1)
The Membranous and Bony Labyrinth	85	(2)
Middle Ear	87	(1)
External Ear	87	(1)
Congenital Malformations of the Ear	87	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 8	90	(1)
Answers and Explanations	91	(1)
Eye	92	(8)
Development of Optic Vesicle	92	(2)
Development of Other Eye Structures	94	(1)
Congenital Malformations of the Eye	95	(2)
Summary	97	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 9	98	(1)
Answers and Explanations	99	(1)
Digestive System	100	(17)
Overview	100	(1)
Derivatives of the Foregut	100	(8)
Derivatives of the Midgut	108	(3)
Derivatives of the Hindgut	111	(1)
Anal Canal	112	(1)
Mesenteries	112	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 10	114	(2)
Answers and Explanations	116	(1)
Respiratory System	117	(10)
Upper Respiratory System	117	(1)
Lower Respiratory System	117	(10)
Study Questions for Chapter 11	125	(1)
Answers and Explanations	126	(1)
Head and Neck	127	(10)
Pharyngeal Apparatus	127	(1)
Development of the Thyroid Gland	127	(2)
Development of the Tongue	129	(1)
Development of the Face	130	(1)
Development of the Palate	130	(1)
Development of the Mouth	130	(2)
Development of the Nasal Cavities	132	(1)
Clinical Considerations	132	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 12	135	(1)
Answers and Explanations	136	(1)
Urinary System	137	(11)
Overview	137	(1)
Development of the Metanephros	137	(1)
Relative Ascent of the Kidneys	138	(1)
Blood Supply of the Kidneys	138	(1)
Development of the Urinary Bladder	138	(2)
Development of the Female Urethra	140	(1)
Development of the Male Urethra	140	(1)
Clinical Considerations	140	(4)
Development of the Suprarenal Gland	144	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 13	146	(1)
Answers and Explanations	147	(1)
Female Reproductive System	148	(9)
The Indifferent Embryo	148	(1)
Development of the Gonads	148	(1)
Development of the Genital Ducts	149	(1)
Development of the Primordia of the External Genitalia	150	(1)
Clinical Considerations	150	(7)
Study Questions for Chapter 14	155	(1)
Answers and Explanations	156	(1)
Male Reproductive System	157	(10)
The Indifferent Embryo	157	(1)
Development of the Gonads	157	(1)
Development of the Genital Ducts	158	(1)
Development of the Primordia of the External Genitalia	159	(1)
Clinical Considerations	159	(5)
Summary	164	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 15	165	(1)
Answers and Explanations	166	(1)
Integumentary System	167	(9)
Skin	167	(1)
Hair and Nails	168	(2)
Mammary, Sweat, and Sebaceous Glands	170	(1)
Teeth	171	(5)
Study Questions for Chapter 16	175	(1)
Answers and Explanations	175	(1)
Skeletal System	176	(10)
Skull	176	(1)
Vertebral Column	177	(4)
Ribs	181	(1)
Sternum	181	(1)
Bones of the Limbs and Limb Girdles	181	(1)
Osteogenesis	182	(1)
General Skeletal Abnormalities	182	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 17	185	(1)
Answers and Explanations	185	(1)
Muscular System	186	(4)
Skeletal Muscle	186	(1)
Smooth Muscle	187	(1)
Cardiac Muscle	187	(1)
Clinical Considerations	187	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 18	189	(1)
Answers and Explanations	189	(1)
Upper Limb	190	(6)
Overview of Development	190	(1)
Vasculature	190	(1)
Musculature	190	(3)
Nerves (Brachial Plexus)	193	(1)
Rotation of the Upper Limb	194	(1)
Skeletal	194	(2)
Study Questions for Chapter 19	195	(1)
Answers and Explanations	195	(1)
Lower Limb	196	(7)
Overview of Development	196	(1)
Vasculature	196	(1)
Musculature	197	(1)
Nerves (Lumbosacral Plexus)	197	(1)
Rotation of the Lower Limb	197	(3)
Skeletal	200	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 20	202	(1)
Answers and Explanations	202	(1)
Body Cavities	203	(5)
Formation of the Intraembryonic Coelom	203	(1)
Partitioning of the Intraembryonic Coelom	203	(1)
Positional Changes of the Diaphragm	203	(1)
Clinical Considerations	204	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 21	206	(1)
Answers and Explanations	207	(1)
Pregnancy	208	(6)
Endocrinology of Pregnancy	208	(1)
Pregnancy Dating	209	(1)
Pregnancy Milestones	209	(1)
Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures	210	(1)
Fetal Distress During Labor (Intrapartum)	211	(1)
The APGAR Score	211	(1)
Puerperium	211	(1)
Lactation	212	(2)
Study Questions for Chapter 22	213	(1)
Answers and Explanations	213	(1)
Numerical Chromosomal Anomalies	214	(5)
Polyploidy	214	(1)
Aneuploidy	214	(2)
Selected Photographs	216	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 23	218	(1)
Answers and Explanations	218	(1)
Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities	219	(9)
Deletions	219	(1)
Microdeletions	219	(1)
Translocations	220	(1)
Fragile Sites	221	(1)
Isochromosomes	221	(1)
Inversions	221	(1)
Breakage	221	(1)
Selected Photographs	222	(6)
Study Questions for Chapter 24	226	(1)
Answers and Explanations	227	(1)
Single-Gene Inherited Diseases	228	(5)
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance	228	(1)
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance	228	(1)
X-Linked Dominant Inheritance	229	(1)
X-Linked Recessive Inheritance	229	(1)
Mitochondrial Inheritance	230	(1)
The Family Pedigree in Various Inherited Diseases	230	(3)
Study Questions for Chapter 25	232	(1)
Answers and Explanations	232	(1)
Multifactorial Inherited Diseases	233	(2)
Introduction	233	(1)
Type 1 Diabetes	233	(2)
Study Questions for Chapter 26	234	(1)
Answers and Explanations	234	(1)
Teratology	235	(10)
Introduction	235	(1)
Infectious Agents	235	(3)
TORCH Infections	238	(1)
Childhood Vaccinations	238	(1)
Category X Drugs	239	(1)
Category D Drugs	240	(1)
Chemical Agents	240	(1)
Recreational Drugs	241	(1)
Ionizing Radiation	241	(1)
Selected Photographs	241	(4)
Study Questions for Chapter 27	244	(1)
Answers and Explanations	244	(1)
Appendix	245	(1)
Comprehensive Examination	246	(12)
Figure and Table Credits	258	(13)
Index	271