BRS Neuroanatomy

by Fix, James D.

• ISBN13: 9780781728294
• ISBN10: 0781728290
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-11-12
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This new edition presents the essentials of human neuroanatomy is a concise, tightly outlined, well-illustrated format. Primarily targeted at medical students in preparation for Step 1 of the USMLE, this course review contains review tests at the end of each chapter and a comprehensive examination at the end of the book in USMLE format with 500 questions. Features include clinical correlation questions, a table of cranial nerves and a glossary of neurologic terms. New to this edition are updated content, clinical vignette-style questions, and MRI images of the brain.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Gross Anatomy of the Brain	1	(28)
The brain---Introduction	1	(1)
Divisions of the brain	1	(12)
Atlas of the brain and brainstem	13	(16)
Review test	25	(4)
Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid	29	(18)
Meninges	29	(4)
Ventricles	33	(3)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)	36	(1)
Hydrocephalus	36	(1)
Meningitis	37	(1)
Herniation	38	(1)
Circumventricular organs	38	(9)
Review test	43	(4)
Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System	47	(20)
Arteries of the spinal cord	47	(1)
Venous drainage of the spinal cord	48	(1)
Arteries of the brain	49	(5)
Arterial circle of Willis	54	(1)
Meningeal arteries	54	(1)
Veins of the brain	54	(1)
Venous dural sinuses	55	(1)
Angiography	56	(1)
Intracranial hemorrhage	57	(10)
Review test	63	(4)
Development of the Nervous System	67	(26)
Overview	67	(1)
Development of the neural tube	67	(2)
Neural crest	69	(1)
Placodes	70	(1)
Stages of neural tube development	70	(3)
Spinal cord (medulla spinalis)	73	(2)
Medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)	75	(2)
Metencephalon	77	(1)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)	78	(1)
Development of the diencephalon, optic structures, and hypophysis	79	(2)
Development of the telencephalon	81	(2)
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS)	83	(10)
Review test	90	(3)
Neurohistology	93	(20)
Nervous tissue: overview	93	(1)
Neurons	93	(4)
Neuroglia	97	(5)
Nerve cell degeneration and regeneration	102	(1)
Axonal transport	103	(1)
Capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS)	104	(3)
Sensory receptors	107	(6)
Review test	110	(3)
Spinal Cord	113	(14)
Introduction-spinal cord	113	(1)
External morphology	113	(6)
Internal morphology	119	(4)
Myotatic reflex	123	(4)
Review test	124	(3)
Tracts of the Spinal Cord	127	(14)
Introduction-tracts of the spinal cord	127	(1)
Ascending spinal tracts	127	(6)
Descending spinal tracts	133	(4)
Clinical correlations	137	(4)
Review test	138	(3)
Lesions of the Spinal Cord	141	(16)
Overview-lesions of the spinal cord	141	(1)
Lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions	141	(1)
Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions	142	(2)
Sensory pathway lesions	144	(1)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) lesions	145	(1)
Combined upper and lower motor neuron lesions	146	(1)
Combined motor and sensory lesions	146	(4)
Intervertebral disk herniation	150	(7)
Review test	151	(6)
Brainstem	157	(20)
Introduction-the brainstem	157	(1)
Medullar oblongata (myelencephalon)	158	(5)
Pons	163	(3)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)	166	(5)
Corticobulbar (corticonuclear) fibers	171	(6)
Review test	174	(3)
Trigeminal System	177	(12)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)	177	(2)
Ascending trigeminothalamic tracts	179	(2)
Trigeminal sensory nuclei	181	(2)
Trigeminocerebellar fibers	183	(1)
Trigeminal reflexes	183	(1)
Clinical correlations	183	(6)
Review test	186	(3)
Auditory System	189	(12)
Introduction-the auditory system	189	(1)
Outer, middle, and inner ear	189	(3)
Auditory pathway	192	(2)
Efferent cochlear (olivocochlear) bundle	194	(1)
Hearing defects	194	(1)
Turning fork tests	195	(1)
Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)	196	(5)
Review test	197	(4)
Vestibular System	201	(14)
Introduction-the vestibular system	201	(1)
Labyrinth	201	(2)
Vestibular pathways	203	(2)
Efferent vestibular connections	205	(1)
Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)	205	(1)
Vestibulo-ocular reflexes	205	(2)
Decerebrate and decorticate rigidity	207	(1)
Clinical correlations	208	(7)
Review test	210	(5)
Cranial Nerves	215	(22)
Introduction-cranial nerves	215	(1)
Olfactory nerve (CN I)	215	(1)
Optic nerve (CN II)	215	(2)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)	217	(2)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)	219	(1)
Trigeminal nerve (CN VI)	219	(2)
Abducent nerve (CN VI)	221	(1)
Facial nerve (CN VII)	222	(2)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)	224	(1)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)	225	(2)
Vagal nerve (CN X)	227	(2)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)	229	(1)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)	230	(7)
Review test	232	(5)
Lesions of the Brainstem	237	(14)
Introduction-lesions of the brainstem	237	(1)
Vascular lesions of the medulla	237	(1)
Vascular lesions of the pons	238	(3)
Lesions of the midbrain	241	(1)
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)	242	(1)
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)	243	(1)
Jugular foramen (Vernet) Syndrome	243	(1)
Subclavian steal syndrome	244	(7)
Review test	245	(6)
Cerebellum	251	(14)
Overview-the cerebellum	251	(1)
Major divisions-the cerebellum	251	(2)
Cerebellar cortex	253	(2)
Major cerebellar pathways	255	(3)
Cerebellar dysfunction	258	(1)
Cerebellar lesions	259	(6)
Review test	261	(4)
Thalamus	265	(10)
Introduction-the thalamus	265	(1)
Boundaries of the thalamus	265	(1)
Primary thalamic nuclei and their major connections	265	(5)
Blood supply of the thalamus	270	(1)
Internal capsule	270	(1)
Blood supply of the internal capsule	271	(1)
Clinical correlations	271	(4)
Review test	272	(3)
Visual System	275	(22)
Introduction-the visual system	275	(1)
The retina	275	(4)
Visual pathway	279	(3)
Pupillary light reflexes and pathway	282	(1)
Pupillary dilation pathway	283	(1)
The convergence---accommodation reaction	283	(2)
Centers for ocular motility	285	(1)
Clinical correlations	286	(11)
Review test	290	(7)
Autonomic Nervous System	297	(14)
Overview-the autonomic nervous system (ANS)	297	(1)
Divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)	297	(5)
Visceral afferent fibers and pain	302	(1)
Autonomic innervation of selected organs	303	(2)
Clinical correlations	305	(6)
Review test	307	(4)
Hypothalamus	311	(14)
Overview-the hypothalamus	311	(1)
Surface anatomy-the hypothalamus	311	(1)
Hypothalamic regions and nuclei	312	(3)
Major hypothalamic connections	315	(2)
Major fiber systems	317	(2)
Functional considerations	319	(1)
Clinical correlations	320	(5)
Review test	321	(4)
Olfactory, Gustatory, and Limbic Systems	325	(16)
Olfactory System	325	(2)
Gustatory System	327	(2)
Limbic System	329	(12)
Review test	336	(5)
Basal Ganglia and the Striatal Motor System	341	(12)
Basal ganglia	341	(1)
Striatal motor system	341	(12)
Review test	349	(4)
Neurotransmitters and Pathways	353	(18)
Introduction	353	(1)
Acetylcholine (ACH)	354	(1)
Dopamine	355	(1)
Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)	356	(1)
Serotonin [5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]	357	(1)
Opioid peptides	358	(2)
Nonopioid neuropeptides	360	(2)
Amino acids	362	(2)
Nitric oxide	364	(1)
Functional and clinical correlations	364	(7)
Review test	366	(5)
Cerebral Cortex	371	(20)
Overview-the cerebral cortex	371	(1)
Six layers of the neocortex	371	(1)
Functional areas-the cerebral cortex	372	(6)
Cerebral dominance	378	(3)
Split-brain syndrome	381	(1)
Blood supply to the major functional cortical areas	381	(10)
Review test	385	(6)
Apraxia, Aphasia, and Dysprosody	391	(6)
Apraxia	391	(1)
Aphasia	392	(1)
Dysprosody	393	(4)
Review test	395	(2)
Comprehensive Examination	397	(30)
Appendix: Table of Cranial Nerves	427	(4)
Glossary	431	(16)
Index	447