Buffering Techniques for Delivery of Compressed Video in Video-On-Demand Systems

by Feng, Wu-Chi

• ISBN13: 9780792399988
• ISBN10: 0792399986
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-09-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Many emerging technologies such as video conferencing, video-on-demand, and digital libraries require the efficient delivery of compressed video streams. For applications that require the delivery of compressed stored multimedia streams, the a priori knowledge available about these compressed streams can aid in the allocation of server and network resources. By using a client-side buffer, the resource requirements from the server and network can be minimized. Buffering Techniques for Delivery of Compressed Video in Video-on-Demand Systems presents a comprehensive description of buffering techniques for the delivery of compressed, prerecorded multimedia data. While these techniques can be applied to any compressed data streams, this book focusses primarily on the delivery of video streams because of the large resource requirements that they can consume. The book first describes buffering techniques for the continuous playback of stored video sources. In particular, several bandwidth smoothing (or buffering) algorithms that are provably optimal under certain conditions are presented. To provide a well-rounded discussion, the book then describes extensions that aid in the ability to provide interactive delivery of video across networks. Specifically, reservation techniques that take into account interactive functions such as fast-forward and rewind are described. In addition, extensions to the bandwidth smoothing algorithms presented in the first few chapters are described. These algorithms are designed with interactive, continuous playback of stored video in mind and are also provably optimal under certain constraints. Buffering Techniques for Delivery of Compressed Video in Video-on-Demand Systems serves as an excellent resource for multimedia systems, networking and video-on-demand designers, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES	xi	(4)
LIST OF TABLES	xv	(2)
PREFACE	xvii
1 INTRODUCTION	1	(4)
1.1 Background	1	(1)
1.2 Research Objectives	2	(1)
1.3 Outline of the Monograph	3	(2)
2 PRELIMINARIES	5	(20)
2.1 Video Retrieval Systems	5	(3)
2.1.1 Video-On-Demand Architectures	5	(2)
2.1.2 Video retrieval techniques	7	(1)
2.2 Compression Technologies	8	(4)
2.2.1 JPEG Image Compression	8	(1)
2.2.2 Motion-JPEG and MPEG Video Compression	9	(3)
2.3 Video Compression and Burstiness	12	(1)
2.4 A Video Capture Testbed	13	(1)
2.5 A Video Library	14	(11)
3 BANDWIDTH SMOOTHING ALGORITHMS	25	(36)
3.1 Introduction	25	(1)
3.2 Window-Based Smoothing Algorithms	26	(2)
3.2.1 Average Bandwidth Allocation	26	(1)
3.2.2 Sliding Window Smoothing	27	(1)
3.3 Non-Window-Based Smoothing Algorithms	28	(16)
3.3.1 Taking Advantage of A Priori Information	29	(1)
3.3.2 Critical Bandwidth Allocation	30	(3)
3.3.3 Critical Bandwidth Allocation with Maximum Buffer Constraint	33	(6)
3.3.4 An Optimal Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm	39	(5)
3.4 Evaluation of Algorithms	44	(13)
3.4.1 Averaging Techniques Versus CBA	45	(4)
3.4.2 Non-Window Based Smoothing Algorithms	49	(8)
3.5 Summary of Bandwidth Smoothing Algorithms	57	(4)
4 A SURVEY OF BANDWIDTH SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES	61	(22)
4.1 Introduction	61	(1)
4.2 Background	61	(5)
4.2.1 Overflow and Underflow Constraints	61	(1)
4.2.2 Smoothing Based on Fover and Funder	62	(3)
4.2.3 Smoothing Based on Funder	65	(1)
4.3 Performance Evaluation	66	(16)
4.3.1 Peak Bandwidth Requirement	67	(4)
4.3.2 Variability in Bandwidth Requirements	71	(3)
4.3.3 Number of Bandwidth Changes	74	(3)
4.3.4 Periodicity of Bandwidth Requests	77	(2)
4.3.5 Buffer Utilization	79	(3)
4.4 Summary	82	(1)
5 INTERACTIVITY IN VIDEO-ON-DEMAND SYSTEMS	83	(24)
5.1 Introduction	83	(1)
5.2 Motivation	84	(4)
5.2.1 Video Playback Applications	84	(1)
5.2.2 Buffering Versus Delay	85	(3)
5.3 VCR Functionality	88	(6)
5.3.1 VCR Interactivity	88	(1)
5.3.2 The VCR-window	89	(2)
5.3.3 Access Outside the VCR window	91	(3)
5.4 An In-Advance Reservation Scheme	94	(2)
5.5 Experimentation	96	(8)
5.5.1 VCR-window Experimentation	96	(3)
5.5.2 Accesses Outside the VCR-window	99	(1)
5.5.3 Bandwidth Reservations	100	(4)
5.6 Summary	104	(3)
6 BANDWIDTH SMOOTHING FOR INTERACTIVITY	107	(18)
6.1 Introduction	107	(1)
6.2 Delivering Video in Video-on-Demand Systems	108	(2)
6.3 Rate-Constrained Bandwidth Smoothing	110	(3)
6.4 Time Constrained Bandwidth Smoothing	113	(3)
6.5 Rate and Time Constrained Bandwidth Smoothing	116	(1)
6.6 Evaluation	117	(5)
6.6.1 Peak Bandwidth Requirements	118	(1)
6.6.2 Number of Bandwidth Changes	119	(2)
6.6.3 Bandwidth Variation	121	(1)
6.6.4 Buffer Utilization	121	(1)
6.7 Summary	122	(3)
7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS	125	(4)
7.1 Conclusions	125	(1)
7.2 Future Directions	126	(3)
REFERENCES	129	(4)
INDEX	133