Building Application Frameworks : Object-Oriented Foundations of Framework Design

by Editor: Mohamed E. Fayad; Editor: Douglas C. Schmidt; Editor: Ralph E. Johnson

• ISBN13: 9780471248750
• ISBN10: 0471248754
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Object Technology The first experience-based guide to building object-oriented frameworks Building Application Frameworks By providing reusable skeletons on which to build new applications, frameworks can save you countless hours and thousands (even millions) of dollars in development costs. Written and edited by some of the top names in the object-oriented programming world, this is the first complete study of building frameworks. Using examples drawn from successful implementations worldwide, it walks you through all the steps of a framework development project. Providing guidance on all key technical and business issues surrounding framework construction, it covers: * Techniques for developing, integrating, and adapting frameworks * Leveraging existing design and code * Selecting and utilizing frameworks * Tracking, controlling, and documenting framework development * Maintaining, measuring, and controlling framework quality * Training developers in the effective use of frameworks * Evaluating frameworks and framework investments

Author Biography

MOHAMED E. FAYAD, PhD is a professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Nebraska, a columnist for Communications of the ACM, lead author of Wiley’s book Transition to Object-Oriented Software Development, a guest editor for six different theme issues, and a former editor-in-chief of IEEE Computer Society Press. He is a pioneer and expert in objectoriented software engineering. DOUGLAS C. SCHMIDT, PhD is a professor of Computer Science at Washington University and consults for Lucent Technologies. He is a pioneer in the field of telecommunications patterns and frameworks. RALPH E. JOHNSON, PhD is a member of the famed "Gang of Four" and a professor of Computer Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv	(6)
Acknowledgments	xxi
Part One: Framework Overview	1	(86)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 1 Application Frameworks	3	(26)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Douglas C. Schmidt
Ralph E. Johnson
1.1 What Is an Application Framework?	4	(4)
1.2 Benefits	8	(1)
1.3 An Overview of Widely Used Frameworks	9	(1)
1.4 Classifying Application Frameworks	9	(2)
1.5 The Strengths and Weaknesses of Application Frameworks	11	(2)
1.6 Reuse: Components versus Designs	13	(2)
1.7 Application Frameworks versus Other Reuse Techniques	15	(2)
1.8 How to Use Application Frameworks	17	(1)
1.9 How to Learn Application Frameworks	18	(1)
1.10 How to Evaluate Application Frameworks	19	(2)
1.11 How to Develop Application Frameworks	21	(1)
1.12 Organization of This Book	22	(1)
1.13 Summary	23	(1)
1.14 References	24	(3)
1.15 Review Questions	27	(2)
Chapter 2 Frameworks and Patterns: Architectural Abstractions	29	(26)
Eyoun Eli Jacobson
Palle Nowack
2.1 Architectural Abstractions	31	(2)
2.2 Frameworks	33	(4)
2.3 Object-Oriented Patterns	37	(9)
2.4 Frameworks and Patterns	46	(4)
2.5 Summary	50	(2)
2.6 References	52	(1)
2.7 Review Questions	53	(1)
2.8 Problem Set	54	(1)
Chapter 3 Framework Problems and Experiences	55	(28)
Jan Bosch
Peter Molin
Michael Mattsson
PerOlaf Bengtsson
Mohamed E. Fayad
3.1 Object-Oriented Frameworks	56	(3)
3.2 Examples of Application Frameworks	59	(3)
3.3 Problems and Experiences	62	(16)
3.4 Summary	78	(1)
3.5 References	79	(3)
3.6 Review Questions	82	(1)
Sidebar 1 Enterprise Frameworks	83	(4)
David S. Hamu
Part Two: Framework Perspectives	87	(80)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 4 Simula Frameworks: The Early Experience	89	(54)
Jean G. Vaucher
Boris Magnusson
4.1 History of Simula	91	(1)
4.2 Basic Concepts of Simula	92	(6)
4.3 Standard Simula Frameworks	98	(11)
4.4 Other Simulation Frameworks	109	(10)
4.5 Simula and Real Time	119	(11)
4.6 Other Early Simula Frameworks	130	(1)
4.7 Discussion	131	(5)
4.8 Summary	136	(2)
4.9 References	138	(2)
4.10 Review Questions	140	(3)
Chapter 5 Visual Builders: Framework Design Issues	143	(10)
Art Jolin
Dave Lavin
Susan Charpenter
5.1 Parts Can Address Both Sets of Needs	143	(2)
5.2 Programmers Connect Part Features to Build Applications	145	(1)
5.3 Making Classes into Parts	145	(1)
5.4 Ready-to-Wear Parts versus Tailor-Made Classes	145	(2)
5.5 Code Generation Changes the Equation	147	(1)
5.6 Giving Up Some Freedom for Convenience	147	(1)
5.7 Builders Give You Some Things for Free	148	(1)
5.8 A Matter of Degree	149	(1)
5.9 Summary	149	(1)
5.10 References	150	(1)
5.11 Review Questions	150	(1)
5.12 Problem Set	150	(2)
5.13 Projects	152	(1)
Chapter 6 Usability and Framework Design	153	(10)
Art Jolin
6.1 Usability Guidelines	153	(7)
6.2 Summary	160	(1)
6.3 Review Questions	160	(2)
6.4 Problem Set	162	(1)
6.5 Projects	162	(1)
Sidebar 2 Viewpoints and Frameworks in Component-Based Software Design	163	(4)
Paula S.C Alencar
Donald D. Cowan
Torsten Nelson
Marcus F. Fontoura
Carlos J.P. Lucena
Part Three: Frameworks and Domain Analysis	167	(48)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 7 Deriving Frameworks from Domain Knowledge	169	(30)
Mehmet Aksit
Bedir Tekinerdogan
Francesco Marcelloni
7.1 Description of the Pilot Projects	170	(2)
7.2 Modeling Domain Knowledge	172	(9)
7.3 Mapping Knowledge Graphs to Object-Oriented Frameworks	181	(8)
7.4 Evaluation of the Approach and Summary	189	(2)
7.5 References	191	(3)
7.6 Review Questions	194	(1)
7.7 Problem Set	194	(5)
Chapter 8 Harvesting Design	199	(12)
Joan Boone
8.1 The Harvesting Process	200	(1)
8.2 Identifying Candidates	200	(1)
8.3 Solution Domain Analysis	201	(2)
8.4 Framework Implementation	203	(6)
8.5 Application Development with the Framework	209	(1)
8.6 Summary	209	(1)
8.7 References	209	(1)
8.8 Review Questions	210	(1)
8.9 Problem Set	210	(1)
Sidebar 3 Frameworks and Domain Models: Two Sides of the Same Coin	211	(4)
Giancarlo Succi
Paolo Predonzani
Andrea Valerio
Tullio Vernazza
Part Four: Framework Development Concepts	215	(134)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 9 Reusing Hooks	219	(18)
Garry Froehlich
H. James Hoover
Ling Liu
Paul Sorenson
9.1 Background	220	(2)
9.2 The Hooks Model: An Overview	222	(3)
9.3 Hooking into SEAF	225	(7)
9.4 Summary	232	(1)
9.5 References	233	(1)
9.6 Review Questions	233	(1)
9.7 Problem Set	234	(1)
9.8 Projects	234	(1)
9.9 Appendix: Grammar for Hook Descriptions	235	(2)
Chapter 10 A Framework Recipe	237	(30)
Steven R. Jones
10.1 The Transition	237	(4)
10.2 The Pattern System	241	(24)
10.3 Summary	265	(1)
10.4 References	265	(1)
10.5 Review Questions	266	(1)
10.6 Problem Set	266	(1)
Chapter 11 Capturing Hypermedia Functionality	267	(22)
Alejandra Garrido
Gustavo Rossi
11.1 An Example	268	(1)
11.2 The OO-Navigator Architecture	269	(2)
11.3 Using the Framework	271	(4)
11.4 Describing the Architecture with Patterns	275	(7)
11.5 Summary	282	(1)
11.6 References	282	(2)
11.7 Review Questions	284	(1)
11.8 Problem Set	284	(1)
11.9 Projects	284	(1)
11.10 CASE Tool Appendix	285	(4)
Chapter 12 Understanding Frameworks	289	(20)
Neelam Soundarajan
12.1 A Simple Model of Frameworks	292	(1)
12.2 Behavioral Refinement: From Frameworks to Applications	293	(6)
12.3 Case Study: A Simple Diagram Editor Framework	299	(6)
12.4 Summary	305	(1)
12.5 References	306	(1)
12.6 Review Questions	307	(1)
12.7 Problem Set	308	(1)
12.8 Projects	308	(1)
Chapter 13 Capturing Framework Requirements	309	(16)
Granville G. Miller
John McGregor
Melissa L. Major
13.1 Background	310	(1)
13.2 Framework Requirements	311	(7)
13.3 Related Work	318	(2)
13.4 Summary	320	(1)
13.5 References	321	(1)
13.6 Review Questions	322	(1)
13.7 Problem Set	322	(3)
Chapter 14 Managing Class Dependencies	325	(20)
Andreas Ruping
14.1 Case Study	327	(5)
14.2 Classification	332	(9)
14.3 Related Work	341	(1)
14.4 Summary	342	(1)
14.5 References	343	(1)
14.6 Review Questions	344	(1)
14.7 Problem Set	344	(1)
Sidebar 4 Formal Design and Performance Evaluation	345	(4)
Michael Goedicke
Torsten Meyer
Part Five: Framework Development Approaches	349	(116)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 15 Framework Design by Systematic Generalization	353	(26)
Hans Albrecht Schmid
15.1 Framework Design Activities	354	(1)
15.2 Application Modeling Activity	355	(1)
15.3 Hot Spots and Hot-Spot Specification	356	(3)
15.4 Hot-Spot Analysis	359	(3)
15.5 Hot-Spot Subsystem	362	(3)
15.6 Hot-Spot Subsystem High-Level Design: Mapping Characteristics to the Subsystem Structure	365	(2)
15.7 Generalization Transformation	367	(2)
15.8 Transformations Generalizing the Editor	369	(4)
15.9 Summary	373	(4)
15.10 References	377	(1)
15.11 Review Questions	377	(1)
15.12 Problem Set	378	(1)
Chapter 16 Hot-Spot-Driven Development	379	(16)
Wolfgang Pree
16.1 Hot Spots in Whitebox and Blackbox Frameworks	379	(2)
16.2 Hook Methods as Elementary Building Blocks of Hot Spots	381	(3)
16.3 Hot-Spot-Driven Development Process	384	(8)
16.4 Summary	392	(1)
16.5 References	392	(1)
16.6 Review Questions	393	(1)
16.7 Problem Set	393	(2)
Chapter 17 Structuring Large Application Frameworks	395	(16)
Dirk Baumer
Guido Gryczan
Rolf Knoll
Carola Lilienthal
Dirk Riehle
Heinz Zullighoven
17.1 Framework Layering in Large Systems	396	(7)
17.2 Framework Construction for Large Systems	403	(5)
17.3 Related Work	408	(1)
17.4 Summary	408	(1)
17.5 References	409	(1)
17.6 Review Questions	410	(1)
17.7 Problem Set	410	(1)
Sidebar 5 Framelets-Small Is Beautiful	411	(4)
Wolfgang Pree
Kai Koskimies
Chapter 18 Understanding Macroscopic Behavior Patterns with Use-Case Maps	415	(26)
R.J.A. Buhr
18.1 Understanding Macroscopic Behavior Patterns	415	(5)
18.2 HotDraw	420	(8)
18.3 ACE	428	(5)
18.4 Discussion	433	(4)
18.5 Summary	437	(1)
18.6 References	437	(2)
18.7 Review Questions	439	(1)
18.8 Problem Set	439	(1)
18.9 Projects	439	(2)
Chapter 19 Composing Modeling Frameworks in Catalysis	441	(19)
Desmond D'Souza
Alan Cameron Wills
19.1 Frameworks--Beyond OOP	441	(9)
19.2 Frameworks Build on Types, Refinements, and Collaborations	450	(5)
19.3 Frameworks with Placeholders	455	(3)
19.4 Examples of Frameworks	458	(1)
19.5 Summary	458	(1)
19.6 References	459	(1)
19.7 Review Questions	459	(1)
19.8 Problem Set	459	(1)
19.9 Projects	459	(1)
Sidebar 6 Enduring Business Themes	460	(5)
Marshall Cline
Mike Girou
Howard Young
Part Six: Framework Testing and Integration	465	(28)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 20 Composition Problems, Causes, and Solutions	467	(21)
Michael Mattsson
Jan Bosch
20.1 Object-Oriented Framework Examples	469	(2)
20.2 Framework Composition Problems	471	(5)
20.3 Underlying Causes	476	(3)
20.4 From Problems to Causes to Solutions	479	(5)
20.5 Summary	484	(1)
20.6 References	485	(2)
20.7 Review Questions	487	(1)
Sidebar 7 Built-in Test Reuse	488	(5)
Yingxu Wang
Graham King
Mohamed E. Fayad
Part Seven: Framework Documentation	493	(72)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 21 Documenting Frameworks	495	(10)
Greg Butler
Pierre Denommee
21.1 Kinds of Framework Reuse	496	(1)
21.2 Types of Documentation	497	(4)
21.3 Guidelines	501	(1)
21.4 Summary	501	(1)
21.5 References	502	(1)
21.6 Review Questions	503	(2)
Chapter 22 Empowering Framework Users	505	(18)
Jutta Eckstein
22.1 The Aim of Empowerment	505	(1)
22.2 Teaching Techniques	506	(3)
22.3 Combining the Teaching Techniques	509	(6)
22.4 Summary	515	(5)
22.5 References	520	(1)
22.6 Review Questions	521	(1)
22.7 Problem Set	521	(2)
Chapter 23 Describing and Using Frameworks	523	(39)
Hafedh Mili
Houari Sahraoui
23.1 Requirements	524	(3)
23.2 Model	527	(12)
23.3 Implementation	539	(6)
23.4 Framework Search and Realization	545	(7)
23.5 Framework Packaging	552	(3)
23.6 Related Work	555	(2)
23.7 Summary	557	(1)
23.8 References	558	(2)
23.9 Review Questions	560	(1)
23.10 Problem Set	560	(2)
Sidebar 8 Documenting Frameworks: Solitaire Is Not Alone	562	(3)
David C. Raines
James C. Mckim, Jr.
Part Eight: Framework Management and Economics	565	(60)
Mohamed E. Fayad
Chapter 24 Strategic Analysis of Application Framework Investments	567	(32)
John M. Favaro
Kenneth K. Favaro
24.1 Software Reuse Economics and Organizational Reuse Capability	568	(1)
24.2 Strategy: A Value-Based Investment Framework	569	(8)
24.3 Finance: Linking Strategy to Value	577	(15)
24.4 Summary and Related Work	592	(1)
24.5 References	593	(2)
24.6 Review Questions	595	(1)
24.7 Problem Set	595	(1)
24.8 Projects	596	(3)
Chapter 25 Evaluating Structural and Functional Stability	599	(18)
Jadish Bansiya
25.1 Metrics and OOAF Characteristics Assessment	600	(1)
25.2 Framework Stability	601	(1)
25.3 Framework Architecture Assessment Method	602	(9)
25.4 Summary	611	(2)
25.5 References	613	(1)
25.6 Review Questions	613	(1)
25.7 Problem Set	614	(1)
25.8 Projects	615	(2)
Chapter 26 Future Trends	617	(3)
Mohamed E. Fayad
26.1 Future Research Areas	617	(2)
26.2 References	619	(1)
26.3 Review Questions	619	(1)
Sidebar 9 Framework Maintenance: Vendor Viewpoint	620	(5)
Mauri Laitinen
Appendix A Glossary	625	(10)
Appendix B Index of Authors	635	(18)
Index	653