Building Broadband Networks

by Littman; Marlyn Kemper

• ISBN13: 9780849308895
• ISBN10: 0849308895
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-06-03
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Optical networks, undersea networks, GSM, UMTS…The recent explosion in broadband communications technologies has opened a new world of fast, flexible services and applications. To successfully implement these services, however, requires a solid understanding of the concepts and capabilities of broadband technologies and networks. Building Broadband Networks provides a comprehensive, non-theoretical introduction to broadband networking. It clearly and thoroughly conveys the principles and the technical fundamentals of the high-performance technologies that enable the reliable delivery of media-rich voice, video, and data services. After a careful examination of ISDN and ATM technologies, it describes optical network solutions based on SONET/SDH, WDM, and DWDM technologies. It then explores Ethernet operations and services and introduces Frame Relay and Fibre Channel networks, DSL solutions, and wireline and wireless cable networks. The author reviews the capabilities of cellular technologies, describes the characteristics of wireless networking technologies, and examines broadband satellite networks. She also explores next-generation network configurations, such as Internet2 and GEANT, and concludes with a study of network security problems and solutions. The process of building and implementing broadband networks is technically complicated. Straightforward, highly readable, and logically presented, Building Broadband Networks provides the foundation for understanding the broadband communications infrastructure and the framework needed to effectively develop and deploy broadband network solutions.

Table of Contents

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)	1	(46)
Introduction	1	(1)
Purpose	1	(1)
Foundations	2	(1)
ISDN Features and Functions	2	(1)
ISDN Technical Fundamentals	3	(3)
Basic ISDN Installation Requirements	3	(1)
ISDN Terminal Adapters (TAs)	4	(1)
ISDN Terminal Equipment (TE)	4	(1)
ISDN Network Termination (NT) Devices	5	(1)
ISDN Codecs (Coders and Decoders)	5	(1)
ISDN Digital Pipe	5	(1)
ISDN Reference Points	5	(1)
B (Bearer), D (Delta), and Hyper (H) Channels	6	(1)
B (Bearer) Channel	6	(1)
D (Delta) Channel	6	(1)
H (Hyper) Channel	6	(1)
Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) and Primary Rate ISDN (PRI) Services	7	(1)
Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) Services	7	(1)
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Services	7	(1)
ISDN Frames	8	(2)
ISDN Protocols	10	(2)
Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing (STDM)	10	(1)
LAP-D (Link Access Protocol-D Channel)	10	(1)
ISDN User-to-Network Signaling Protocol	10	(2)
American Standards Organizations and Activities	12	(3)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)	12	(1)
National ISDN Council	13	(1)
Access Technologies Forum (ATF)	14	(1)
North American ISDN Users Forum (NIUF)	14	(1)
International Standards Organizations and Activities	15	(3)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	15	(3)
European ISDN Users Forum (EIUF)	18	(1)
ISDN Service Enhancements	18	(1)
Always On/Dynamic ISDN (AO/DI)	18	(1)
Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) Diagnostics	19	(1)
Initialization Simplification Initiative (ISI)	19	(1)
ISDN Marketplace	19	(2)
Siemens	21	(1)
Telcordia Technologies	21	(1)
ISDN Competitor Technologies	21	(1)
Broadband Residential Access Solutions	21	(1)
N-ISDN (Narrowband-ISDN) and B-ISDN (Broadband-ISDN) Installations	21	(1)
United States (U.S.) ISDN Tele-Education Initiatives	22	(7)
United States Government	22	(1)
Alabama	22	(1)
California	23	(1)
Florida	24	(1)
Illinois	25	(1)
Indiana	25	(1)
Kansas	25	(1)
Michigan	25	(1)
Mississippi	26	(1)
New York	26	(1)
North Carolina	27	(1)
Rhode Island	27	(1)
Tennessee	27	(1)
Texas	27	(1)
Washington	28	(1)
Wisconsin	28	(1)
Wyoming	29	(1)
International ISDN Tele-Education Initiatives	29	(2)
Australia	29	(1)
Finland	29	(1)
Japan	29	(1)
United Kingdom	30	(1)
European Commission (EC) Trans-European Telecommunications Network (TEN-Telecom) Program	31	(1)
Advanced Software for Teaching and Evaluation of Processes (ASTEP)	31	(1)
Dynamic Awareness Raising Process Regarding Telematics in the Framework of Natura (DART)	31	(1)
Extranet Education (EXE)	31	(1)
Harmonized Access and Retrieval for Music Oriented Network Information Concerted Action (HARMONICA)	31	(1)
Student Across Europe Language Network (SAELN)	32	(1)
Virtual Community Networks	32	(1)
Illinois	32	(1)
Virginia	32	(1)
U.S. Telemedicine Initiatives	33	(6)
U.S. Federal Government	33	(1)
U.S. Armed Forces	34	(1)
Arkansas	34	(1)
California	34	(1)
Illinois	35	(1)
Iowa	35	(1)
Mississippi	36	(1)
Montana	37	(1)
Pennsylvania	37	(1)
Texas	38	(1)
Vermont	38	(1)
Virginia	39	(1)
International Telemedicine Initiatives	39	(1)
Canada	39	(1)
Norway	40	(1)
United Kingdom	40	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications Program (EC-TAP) Telemedicine Projects	40	(1)
DiabCare Q-Net	41	(1)
European Pathology Assisted by Telematics for Health (EUROPATH)	41	(1)
Home Rehabilitation Treatment-Dialysis (HOMER-D)	41	(1)
Travel Health Information Network (THIN)	41	(1)
European Commission (EC) Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) Initiatives	41	(2)
A Network of Small-Medium Enterprise Networks Using Telematics (AGORA)	42	(1)
Advancing Rural Information Networks (ARIN)	42	(1)
Aquatic Research Institutions for the Development of User-Friendly Applications in Telematics (AQUARIUS)	42	(1)
Online Transaction Databank of Agricultural, Wood, and Breeding Products (AGRELMA)	42	(1)
Telelopolis	42	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (EC-ACTS) Program	43	(1)
Reconstruction using Laser and Video (RESOLV)	43	(1)
Scalable Architectures with Hardware Extensions for Low-Bit Rate Variable Bandwidth Real-Time Videocommunications (SCALAR)	43	(1)
Team-Based European Automotive Manufacture (TEAM) User Trials	43	(1)
ISDN Implementation Considerations	43	(1)
Summary	44	(1)
Selected Web Sites	45	(2)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks	47	(56)
Introduction	47	(1)
Purpose	47	(1)
ATM Foundations	48	(4)
ATM Development	48	(1)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)	48	(1)
Joint ATM Experiment on European Services (JAMES)	48	(1)
Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe, Ltd. (DANTE)	49	(1)
Trans-European Network-34.368 Mbps (TEN-34) Initiative	49	(1)
JAMES and TEN-34 Operations and Technical Contributions	49	(1)
Quality Network Technology for User-Oriented Multimedia (QUANTUM) Program	50	(1)
Quantum Test Program (QTP)	51	(1)
TF-TANT (Task Force-TERENA and DANTE)	51	(1)
Quality of Network Technology for User-Oriented Multimedia in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Q-MED) Project	51	(1)
Mediterranean Network (MEDNET)	52	(1)
ATM Standards Organizations and Activities	52	(2)
ATM Forum	52	(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institue (ETSI)	53	(1)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)	53	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	53	(1)
ATM Technical Fundamentals	54	(1)
ATM Cell	54	(1)
ATM Applications	55	(1)
ATM Transmission Rates	55	(1)
ATM Protocol Stack	55	(1)
ATM Operations	56	(3)
SVCs (Switched Virtual Circuits) and PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits)	56	(1)
ATM Switches	57	(1)
ATM Class of Service (CoS) and Quality of Service (QoS)	58	(1)
ATM and MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group-2)	59	(1)
IP-over-ATM	59	(3)
IP-over-ATM Standards Organizations and Activities	60	(1)
CIP-over-ATM (CLASSICAL IP-over-ATM)	60	(1)
MultiProtocol-over-ATM (MPOA)	60	(1)
MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) Protocol	61	(1)
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)	62	(4)
IPv6 Technical Features and Functions	62	(1)
DANTE and IPv6	62	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program IPv6 Initiative (6INIT)	63	(1)
IPv6 Research and Education Network (6REN)	63	(1)
IPv6 Transit Access Point (6TAP)	63	(1)
IPv6 Backbone Network (6Bone)	64	(1)
6POP.CA (IPv6 Point of Presence, Canada)	64	(1)
IP Multicasts	64	(2)
ATM Interworking Capabilities	66	(1)
ATM Interoperability with Optical Network Technologies	66	(1)
European Services ATM Interoperability (EASI) Initiative	66	(1)
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)	67	(1)
ATM and Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Operations	67	(1)
ATM and Frame Relay	67	(1)
ATM LAN Emulation (LANE)	67	(3)
ATM LANE Fundamentals	67	(1)
ATM Emulated LANs (LANEs) in Action	67	(3)
Wireless ATM (WATM)	70	(1)
ATM Forum Wireless ATM (WATM) Working Group	70	(1)
WATM University Research Projects	70	(1)
ATM Network Management	71	(1)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)	71	(1)
Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS)	71	(1)
ATM Testbed Implementations	71	(2)
Intial ATM Testbeds	71	(1)
NASA ACTS (Advanced Communications Technology Satellite) ATM Internetwork (AAI)	72	(1)
MAGIC-I (Multidimensional Applications and Gigabit Internetwork Consortium-Phase I) and Magic-II (MAGIC-Phase II)	72	(1)
Federal ATM Initiatives	73	(2)
Collaborative Advanced Internet Research Network (CAIRN)	73	(1)
Energy Sciences Network (ESnet)	74	(1)
U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL)	75	(1)
Internet2 (12)	75	(3)
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID)	75	(1)
12 Technical Fundamentals	75	(1)
Internet2 (12) Network Aggregation Points of Presence (PoPs)	76	(1)
Peering Relationships	77	(1)
Metropolitan Internet Exchanges (IXs) and Exchange Points (XPs)	78	(1)
European Backbone (EBone) Network	78	(1)
vBNS + (very high-performance Backbone Network Service Plus)	78	(3)
vBNS + Foundations	78	(1)
vBNS + Operations	79	(1)
vBNS + in Action	79	(1)
vBNS + IP Multicasting Service	80	(1)
vBNS + Features and Functions	81	(1)
National ATM Tele-Education Initiatives	81	(7)
California	81	(1)
Florida	82	(1)
Georgia	82	(1)
Massachusetts	83	(1)
Michigan	84	(1)
Missouri	84	(1)
Nebraska	84	(1)
Nevada	85	(1)
New Jersey	85	(1)
New York	85	(1)
Ohio	86	(1)
Oklahoma	86	(1)
Oregon	86	(1)
Pennsylvania	87	(1)
Virginia	87	(1)
International Tele-Education Initiatives	88	(5)
Canada	88	(2)
Germany	90	(1)
Korea	91	(1)
United Kingdom	91	(2)
U.S. Telemedicine Initiatives	93	(1)
Alabama	93	(1)
California	93	(1)
Ohio	94	(1)
Virginia	94	(1)
International Telemedicine Initiatives	94	(1)
Canada	94	(1)
China	95	(1)
United Kingdom	95	(1)
E-Government Initiatives	95	(1)
Colorado	95	(1)
Kentucky	96	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications Program (EC-TAP) Tele-Education Initiatives	96	(1)
ATM and Teleconferencing for Research and Education (ATRE)	96	(1)
Collaborative Browsing in Information Resources (CoBROW) and Collaborative Browsing in the Worldwide Web/Deployment of the Service (CoBROW/D)	96	(1)
European Commission (EC) TEN (Trans-European Network) Telemedicine Initiatives	97	(1)
Hand Assessment and Treatment System (HATS)	97	(1)
Patient Workflow Management Systems (PATMAN)	97	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technology and Services (EC-ACTS) Program	97	(1)
A Platform for Engineering Research and Trials (EXPERT)	97	(1)
Internet and ATM: Experiments and Enhancements for Convergence and Integration (ITHACI)	97	(1)
Virtual Museum International (VISEUM)	98	(1)
ATM Implementation Considerations	98	(1)
Summary	99	(1)
Selected Web Sites	100	(3)
Optical Network Solutions	103	(46)
Introduction	103	(1)
Purpose	104	(1)
SONET/SDH Foundations	104	(1)
SONET/SDH Technical Fundamentals	105	(3)
SONET STS (Synchronous Transport Signals) and OC (Optical Carrier) Levels	105	(1)
Synchronous Transport Modules (STMs) and Optical Carrier (OC) Levels	106	(1)
SONET/SDH Frames	106	(1)
SONET/SDH Operations	106	(1)
SONET/SDH Architecture	107	(1)
SONET/SDH Protocol Stack	108	(1)
SONET/SDH Multiplexing	108	(1)
Synchronous Transmission Multiplexing (STM)	108	(1)
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)	108	(1)
Optical Time-Division Multiplexing (OTDM)	109	(1)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)	109	(1)
SONET and SDH Standards Organizations and Activities	109	(2)
Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions (ATIS) and Network and Services Integration Forum (NSIF)	109	(1)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)	110	(1)
International Telecommunications Unio-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	110	(1)
SONET/SDH Implementation Considerations	111	(1)
SONET/SDH Marketplace	111	(1)
Cisco Systems	112	(1)
Mannesmann Mobilfunk and ECI Telecom	112	(1)
Sprint International SONET Ring	112	(1)
Abilene Network	112	(1)
Abilene Network Infrastructure	112	(1)
Abilene Network Operations	113	(1)
Abilene Network Applications and Services	113	(1)
Advanced Technology Demonstration Network (ATDNet)	113	(1)
ATDNet Technical Fundamentals	113	(1)
Metropolitan Research and Education Network (MREN)	114	(2)
MREN Technical Fundamentals	114	(1)
MREN Applications and Services	115	(1)
MREN Consortium	116	(1)
U. S. SONET Initiatives	116	(4)
California	116	(1)
Illinois	116	(1)
North Carolina	116	(3)
Wisconsin	119	(1)
SONET/SDH Implementation Considerations	120	(1)
Packet-Over-SONET/SDH (POS) Solutions	120	(2)
POS Features and Functions	120	(1)
POS Initiatives in the Academic Domain	121	(1)
POS Vendor Implementations	121	(1)
Next-Generation Optical Network Solutions	122	(3)
All-Optical Networks (AONs)	122	(2)
Passive Optical Networks (PONs)	124	(1)
ATM Passive Optical Networks (APONs)	124	(1)
Super Passive Optical Networks (SuperPONs)	125	(1)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)	125	(2)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Fundamentals	125	(1)
WDM and Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)	126	(1)
WDM and Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)	126	(1)
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)	127	(2)
DWDM Transmission Fundamentals	127	(1)
DWDM Network Elements and Components	127	(1)
DWDM Implementation Considerations	128	(1)
WDM and DWDM Network Services	128	(1)
WDM and DWDM Standards Activities	129	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	129	(1)
WDM and DWDM Marketplace	129	(4)
Cambrian Communications	129	(1)
Cisco Systems and GNG Networks	130	(1)
Corvis Corporation	130	(1)
ECI Telecom	130	(1)
Global Crossing	130	(1)
GTS (Global TeleSystems)	131	(1)
laxis	131	(1)
Lucent Technologies	131	(1)
Metromedia Fiber Network (MFN)	132	(1)
Qwest Communications Network	132	(1)
Teleglobe Communications	133	(1)
DARPA Broadband Information Technology (BIT) and Next-Generation Internet (NGI) Programs	133	(4)
All-Optical Networking Consortium	134	(1)
Boston to Washington, D.C., Fiber-Optic Network (BoSSNET)	134	(1)
High-Speed Connectivity Consortium (HSCC)	134	(1)
Multiwavelength Optical Network (MONET) and the MONET Consortium (MONETC)	134	(1)
National Transparent Optical Network, Phase II (NTON, Phase II) and the NTON Consortium (NTONC)	135	(1)
SuperNet	136	(1)
WDM with Electronic Switching Technology (WEST) Coast Team	136	(1)
U.S. WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) and DWDM (Dense WDM) University Initiatives	137	(1)
Massachusetts	137	(1)
New Jersey	138	(1)
New York	138	(1)
North Carolina	138	(1)
International Optical Research Network Initiatives	138	(3)
Canada	139	(1)
United Kingdom	140	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technology and Service (EC-ACTS) Program	141	(1)
Broadband Optical Network using ATM Passive Optical Network Access Facilities in Realistic Telecommunications Environments (BONAPARTE)	141	(1)
Highway	141	(1)
Metropolitan Optical Network (METON)	141	(1)
Optical Pan-European Network (OPEN)	141	(1)
Pan-European Lightwave Core and Access Network (PELICAN)	142	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	142	(1)
Atrium	142	(1)
David	142	(1)
Meteor	142	(1)
Undersea Optical Network Solutions	143	(3)
Alcatel	143	(1)
AT&T	143	(1)
FLAG (Fiber Optic Link Around the Globe) Telecom	143	(1)
France Telecom	144	(1)
Global Crossing	145	(1)
Iaxis	145	(1)
South Atlantic Telephone/Western Cable/Southern Africa Far East, Phase 3 (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE)	145	(1)
Telecom New Zealand, Optus, Southern Cross Cables, and WorldCom	146	(1)
Summary	146	(1)
Selected Web Sites	147	(2)
Ethernet Networks	149	(50)
Introduction	149	(1)
Purpose	149	(1)
Foundations	150	(1)
Ethernet Technical Basics	151	(1)
Ethernet Frame Format	151	(1)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Protocol	151	(1)
Technical Fundamentals	152	(3)
Ethernet Protocol Stack	153	(1)
Ethernet Topologies	154	(1)
Ethernet Transmission Capabilities	154	(1)
10 Mbps Ethernet	155	(4)
Multiplexing Fundamentals	155	(1)
Ethernet Installations	155	(1)
10 Mbps Ethernet Specifications	156	(2)
10 Mbps Ethernet Marketplace	158	(1)
10 Mbps Ethernet Implementation Considerations	158	(1)
10 Mbps Ethernet to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Migration	158	(1)
Fast Ethernet	159	(2)
IEEE 802.3u or Fast Ethernet Specification	159	(1)
Fast Ethernet Transmission Methods	159	(1)
Fast Ethernet Switches	160	(1)
Fast Ethernet Standards Organizations and Activities	161	(3)
Fast Ethernet Alliance	161	(1)
Fast Ethernet Consortium	161	(1)
ATM Forum	162	(1)
Fast Ethernet Competitor Technologies	162	(2)
Gigabit Ethernet Technical Fundamentals	164	(2)
Gigabit Ethernet Functions	164	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Architecture	165	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Operations	165	(1)
IEEE 802.3z or Fiber Optic Gigabit Ethernet Implementations	165	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Solutions	166	(2)
1000BASE-SX	166	(1)
1000BASE-LX	166	(1)
1000BASE-LH	167	(1)
1000BASE-CX	167	(1)
IEEE 802.3ab or 1000BASE-T	167	(1)
1000BASE-2	168	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Protocols	168	(1)
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)	168	(1)
Real-Time Transit Protocol (RTP)	168	(1)
Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP)	169	(1)
Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)	169	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Class of Service (CoS) Assurances	169	(1)
MultiProtocol Link Aggregation (MPLA)	169	(1)
MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS)	169	(1)
Gigbit Ethernet Standards Organizations and Activities	170	(1)
Cells in Frame (CIF) Alliance	170	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Alliance	170	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Consortium	170	(1)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) IPng (IP Next-Generation) Working Group	170	(1)
Ethernet VLANs (Virtual LANs)	171	(1)
VLAN Capabilities	171	(1)
VLAN Operations	171	(1)
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Specification	171	(1)
IEEE 802.1p Specification	172	(1)
IEEE 802.1p Capabilities	172	(1)
IEEE 802.1p and IEEE 802.1Q Operations	172	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel	173	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet and ATM	173	(2)
Gigabit Ethernet Packets and ATM Cells	173	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Class of Service (CoS) Assurances and ATM Quality of Service (QoS) Guarantees	173	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet LANs and ATM LANES (LAN Emulations)	174	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet versus ATM	175	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Marketplace	175	(1)
Cisco Systems	175	(1)
Gigabit Ethernet Implementation Considerations	175	(2)
10 Gigabit Ethernet	177	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Technical Fundamentals	177	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Operations	177	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Standards Organizations and Activities	178	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance (10GEA)	178	(1)
IEEE P802.3a 10 Gigabit Ethernet Task Force	179	(1)
IEEE 802.ah Ethernet First Mile Task Force	179	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Solutions	179	(1)
10 Gigabit Optical Ethernet in Action	179	(1)
10 Gigabit Ethernet Marketplace	180	(1)
Cisco Systems	180	(1)
Cogent Communications	180	(1)
Extreme Networks	180	(1)
Lucent Technologies	180	(1)
Nortel Networks	181	(1)
Teleson Communications	181	(1)
Wireless Ethernet Solutions	181	(1)
Ethernet Home Phoneline Network	182	(4)
Home Phoneline Network Fundamentals	182	(1)
HomePNA Specifications	182	(1)
HomePNA Installations	183	(1)
Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HomePNA)	184	(1)
Home Phoneline Marketplace	184	(1)
Additional Home Networking Options	185	(1)
U.S. Tele-Education Initiatives	186	(6)
Alaska	186	(1)
California	186	(1)
Georgia	187	(1)
Indiana	187	(1)
Kentucky	188	(1)
Massachusetts	188	(1)
Michigan	188	(1)
Missouri	188	(1)
Nevada	189	(1)
New Jersey	189	(1)
New York	189	(1)
Ohio	190	(1)
Oklahoma	190	(1)
Pennsylvania	191	(1)
Texas	191	(1)
Washington	191	(1)
Puerto Rico	191	(1)
International Tele-Education Projects	192	(1)
Austria	192	(1)
China	192	(1)
Finland	192	(1)
Japan	193	(1)
United Kingdom	193	(1)
U.S. E-Government (Electronic Government) Intiatives	193	(1)
U.S. Department of Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)	193	(1)
California	194	(1)
New York	194	(1)
Oklahoma	194	(1)
U.S. Telemedicine Initiatives	194	(1)
Illinois	194	(1)
New York	194	(1)
International Telemedicine Projects	195	(1)
Japan	195	(1)
United Kingdom	195	(1)
Ethernet Planning Guidelines	195	(1)
Summary	196	(1)
Selected Web Sites	197	(2)
Frame Relay (FR) and Fibre Channel (FC) Technologies	199	(46)
Chapter Overview	199	(1)
Frame Relay (FR) Introduction	199	(1)
Frame Relay Foundations	199	(1)
Frame Relay and X.25 Technology	200	(1)
Frame Relay and ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)	200	(1)
Frame Relay Forum	200	(1)
Frame Relay Technical Fundamentals	201	(1)
Frame Relay Operations	201	(1)
Frame Relay Technical Fundamentals	202	(5)
Frame Relay Transmission	202	(1)
Voice-over-Frame Relay Service	203	(1)
Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) and Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)	203	(2)
Frame Relay Encapsulation	205	(1)
Frame Relay Congestion Methods and Techniques	205	(1)
Committed Information Rate (CIR)	205	(1)
Frame Relay Devices	206	(1)
Frame Relay Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	207	(2)
Frame Relay Virtual Private Network (VPN) Operations	207	(1)
VPN Security	207	(1)
Frame Relay Tunneling Operations	208	(1)
Frame Relay VPN Merits and Constraints	208	(1)
Frame Relay Interworking Implementation Agreements (IAs)	209	(3)
Frame Relay and Internet Protocol (IP)	210	(1)
Frame Relay and SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network and Synchronous Digita Hierarchy)	210	(1)
Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)	210	(1)
Frame Relay and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)	211	(1)
Wireless Frame Relay Solutions	212	(1)
Frame Relay Marketplace	212	(3)
AT&T	212	(1)
Cisco Systems	212	(1)
e.spire	213	(1)
Global One	213	(1)
GTS	213	(1)
HyperStream	214	(1)
Sprint	214	(1)
Verizon	214	(1)
UUNET	214	(1)
WorldCom	214	(1)
Frame Relay Tele-Education Initiatives in the United States	215	(4)
Arizona	215	(1)
California	215	(2)
Colorado	217	(1)
Iowa	217	(1)
Kansas	217	(1)
Maine	217	(1)
Massachusetts	217	(1)
New Jersey	218	(1)
New York	218	(1)
North Dakota	218	(1)
Virginia	218	(1)
International Tele-Education Initiatives	219	(1)
Canada	219	(1)
Greece	219	(1)
Japan	219	(1)
Malaysia	219	(1)
Spain	220	(1)
U.S. Government Frame Relay Initiatives	220	(1)
General Service Administration (GSA)	220	(1)
U.S. Armed Forces Frame Relay Initiative	221	(1)
U.S. Army Recruiting Command (USAREC)	221	(1)
U.S. State and Local E-Government Frame Relay Initiatives	221	(1)
California	221	(1)
Florida	221	(1)
Massachusetts	221	(1)
Nebraska	221	(1)
South Dakota	222	(1)
International E-Government Frame Relay Initiatives	222	(1)
Canada	222	(1)
China	222	(1)
France	222	(1)
South Africa	223	(1)
Wales	223	(1)
U.S. Government Telemedicine Initiatives	223	(1)
Veterans Health Administration (VHA)	223	(1)
International Frame Relay Communications Providers	224	(1)
Argentina	224	(1)
Bolivia	224	(1)
Bulgaria	224	(1)
Hungary	224	(1)
Israel	225	(1)
Latvia	225	(1)
Mexico	225	(1)
Russia	225	(1)
Frame Relay Implementation Considerations	225	(1)
Frame Relay Summary	226	(1)
Fibre Channel (FC) Introduction	227	(1)
Fibre Channel Foundations	227	(1)
Fibre Channel Standards Organizations and Activities	228	(1)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)	228	(1)
Fibre Channel Association (FCA)	228	(1)
Fibre Channel Consortium (FCC)	229	(1)
Fibre Channel Industry Association-Europe (FCIA-Europe)	229	(1)
International Standards Organization (ISO)	229	(1)
Fibre Channel Technical Fundamentals	229	(1)
Fibre Channel Transmission	229	(1)
Fibre Channel Services	230	(1)
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)	230	(1)
Fibre Channel Operations	230	(2)
Fibre Channel Network Components	231	(1)
Fibre Channel Classes of Service (CoSs)	231	(1)
Fibre Channel and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)	232	(1)
Fibre Channel and IP (Internet Protocol)	233	(1)
Fibre Channel (FC) Network Management Operations	233	(1)
Fibre Channel (FC) Storage Area Networks (SANs)	233	(3)
FC SAN Operations	233	(1)
FC SAN Applications	234	(1)
FC SAN Vendors	235	(1)
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) SAN Research	236	(1)
Storage Network Industry Association (SNIA)	236	(1)
Fibre Channel RAID (Redundant Array of Interactive Disks) Solutions	236	(1)
Raid Advisory Committee	236	(1)
Competitor Fibre Channel Solutions	237	(3)
EtherStorage	237	(1)
High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) and Gigabit System Network (GSN)	237	(2)
InfiniBand Architecture	239	(1)
Network Attached Storage (NAS)	240	(1)
Serial Storage Architecture (SSA)	240	(1)
SIO (Serial Input/Output) Solutions	240	(1)
Fibre Channel Implementation Considerations	240	(1)
Fibre Channel Summary	241	(1)
Selected Web Sites	242	(3)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Powerline Networks	245	(42)
Introduction	245	(1)
Purpose	246	(1)
DSL Foundations	246	(1)
The Local Loop	247	(1)
Local Loop Unbundling	247	(1)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)	248	(1)
Deregulation and DSL Solutions	248	(1)
DSL Technologies	248	(2)
DSL Transmission	249	(1)
Discrete Multitone Technology (DMT) Modulation	249	(1)
DSL Standards Organizations and Activities	250	(2)
Committee T1	250	(1)
DSL Forum	251	(1)
OpenDSL Consortium and OpenDSL Initiative	252	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	252	(1)
Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)	252	(8)
ADSL Foundations	252	(1)
ADSL Operations	253	(1)
DSL Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)	254	(1)
POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Splitter	254	(1)
ADSL Transmission Fundamentals	255	(1)
ADSL and ATM	256	(1)
ADSL Standards Organizations and Activities	256	(1)
U.S. ADSL Trials and Implementations	257	(1)
International ADSL Trials and Vendor Implementations	258	(1)
ADSL Implementation Considerations	259	(1)
ADSL.LITE	260	(1)
ADSL.Lite Overview	260	(1)
ADSL.Lite Transmission Fundamentals	260	(1)
ADSL.Lite Standards Organizations and Activities	260	(1)
U.S. ADSL. Lite Trials and Implementations	261	(1)
International ADSL.Lite Trials and Implementations	261	(1)
Consumer DSL (CDSL)	261	(1)
Consumer DSL (CDSL) Features and Functions	261	(1)
Rate-Adaptive ADSL (RADSL)	262	(1)
RADSL Features and Functions	262	(1)
High-Bit Rate DSL, Phase 1 (HDSL 1) and HDSL, Phase 2 (HDSL2)	262	(1)
High-Bit Rate DSL, Phase 1 (HDSL1)	262	(1)
High-Bit Rate, DSL, Phase 2 (HDSL2)	263	(1)
Symmetric High-Bit Rate DSL (SHDSL)	263	(1)
SHDSL Features and Functions	263	(1)
SHDSL Operations	264	(1)
SHDSL Standards Activities	264	(1)
Symmetrical or Single Line DSL (SDSL)	264	(1)
SDSL Capabilities	264	(1)
SDSL Transmission Fundamentals	264	(1)
Very High-Speed DSL (VDSL)	265	(3)
VDSL Technical Fundamentals	265	(1)
VDSL Applications	265	(1)
VDSL Transmissions	265	(1)
Asymmetric VDSL and Symmetric VDSL	265	(1)
VDSL Standards Organizations and Activities	266	(1)
VDSL Trials and Implementations	267	(1)
ISDN DSL (IDSL)	268	(1)
IDSL Capabilities	268	(1)
IDSL and ISDN Parallels and Contrasts	268	(1)
Advanced DSL Trials and Vendor Initiatives	269	(2)
Aware	269	(1)
Newbridge Networks	269	(1)
Nortel Networks' I-MEG Modem Solutions	270	(1)
Nortel Networks and Elastic Networks EtherLoop Solutions	270	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications Program (EC-TAP) Initiative	271	(1)
Cities Telecommunications and Integrated Services Project	271	(1)
European Commission Telework Online Program	271	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Service (EC-ACTS) Program	271	(1)
Advanced Multimedia Services for Residential Users (AMUSE)	271	(1)
Broadband Urban Rural Based Open Networks (BOURBON)	272	(1)
TELESHOPPE	272	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	272	(1)
E-PASTA	272	(1)
HAS VIDEO	272	(1)
DSL Implementations Considerations	272	(1)
Competing Residential Access Solutions	273	(1)
Cable Modem Technology	273	(1)
WDSL (Wireless DSL)	274	(1)
DSL Summary	274	(2)
Overview of Powerline Networks	276	(1)
Powerline Network Foundations	276	(1)
Telecommunications Act of 1996	276	(1)
Powerline Network Technical Features and Functions	277	(1)
Powerline Health and Safety Issues	277	(1)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)	277	(1)
United Kingdom (U.K.) Radiocommunications Agency	278	(1)
Powerline Standards Organizations and Activities	278	(1)
CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) Specification	278	(1)
Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) Home Networking Committee (HNC)	278	(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)	278	(1)
HomePlug Powerline Alliance	279	(1)
International Powerline Communications Forum (IPCF)	279	(1)
PLCforum	279	(1)
National Powerline Networking Trials and Vendor Implementations	279	(4)
Adaptive Networks	280	(1)
AFN	280	(1)
Alcatel	280	(1)
Altcom	280	(1)
American Electric Power	281	(1)
C3 Communications	281	(1)
California Public Utilities Commission	281	(1)
Citizens Utilities	281	(1)
City of Vineland, New Jersey, and the Municipal Electric Company	281	(1)
Enikia	281	(1)
Florida Power and Light Company (FP&L)	282	(1)
Inari	282	(1)
Intellon	282	(1)
Lower Colorado River Authority	283	(1)
Newbridge Networks	283	(1)
Nor. Web DPL (Digital Powerline) Solutions	283	(1)
South Carolina Electric & Gas (SCANA) Communications	283	(1)
International Powerline Implementations	283	(1)
Maine.Net Communications PLC	283	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	284	(1)
PALAS (Powerline as an Alternative Local AcceSs)	284	(1)
Additional Options: Waterway Networks	284	(1)
Powerline Network Implementation Considerations	284	(1)
Powerline Network Summary	285	(1)
Selected Web Sites	285	(2)
Cable Networks	287	(52)
Introduction	287	(1)
Purpose	287	(1)
Foundations	287	(1)
Telecommunications Act of 1996	288	(1)
Cable Network Technical Fundamentals	289	(3)
Cable Modem Features and Functions	289	(1)
Cable Modem Operations	289	(1)
10 BASE-T Ethernet and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Technologies	289	(2)
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)	291	(1)
Headend Equipment	292	(1)
Cable Network Operations	292	(1)
Wireline Cable Network Transmission	292	(1)
Cable Network Transmission Fundamentals	292	(1)
Hybrid Optical Fiber Coaxial Cable (HFC) Infrastructure	293	(1)
Cable Network Protocols	293	(4)
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA)	295	(1)
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)	295	(1)
Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation	295	(1)
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access	296	(1)
Vector-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (V-OFDM)	296	(1)
Cable Network Architecture	297	(1)
CableLabs (Cable Television Laboratories)	297	(7)
Background	297	(1)
Cable Television Laboratories (CableLabs) Overview	298	(1)
CableLabs Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)	299	(2)
CableLabs PacketCable Initiative	301	(1)
CableLabs Go2Broadband Service	301	(1)
CableLabs CableHome Initiative	301	(1)
Certification of Cable Products	302	(1)
OpenCable Specification	302	(2)
U.S. Digital Television (DTV) Operations	304	(1)
Digital Television (DTV) Fundamentals	304	(1)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)	304	(1)
European Cable Television Laboratories (Euro Cable Labs)	304	(4)
EuroCable Labs Overview	304	(1)
EuroCableLabs Initiatives	305	(1)
EuroDOCSIS	305	(1)
EuroModem Specification	305	(1)
EuroBox Specification	306	(1)
Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC)	306	(1)
Digital Video Broadcasting and Digital Audio-Visual Council (DVB/DAVIC) Consortium	306	(1)
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project	306	(2)
DVB Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Group	308	(1)
EuroCableLabs and CableLabs: Parallels and Contrasts	308	(1)
Standards Organizations and Activities	308	(5)
Cable Broadband Forum	308	(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) HOme Networks Specifications	309	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	309	(2)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)	311	(1)
Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)	311	(1)
National Cable Television Association (NCTA)	312	(1)
Wireless Communications Association (WCA)	312	(1)
Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)	313	(1)
Cable Network Marketplace	313	(2)
AtHome (@Home) Network	313	(1)
AT&T MediaOne	313	(2)
Telewest Communications, Cable & Wireless Communications, and NTL	315	(1)
Wirelene Cable Competitor Solutions	315	(1)
Wireline Cable Network Implementation Considerations	316	(1)
Wireless Cable Networks	317	(1)
Features and Functions	317	(1)
Installations	317	(1)
Operations	317	(1)
Wireless Cable Services	318	(1)
Multichannel Distribution System (MDS)	318	(1)
MDS in Action	319	(1)
Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS)	319	(1)
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) and Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)	320	(1)
MMDS and LMDS Overview	320	(1)
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)	320	(3)
MMDS Services	320	(1)
MMDS Operations	320	(2)
MMDS and ITFS Services	322	(1)
MMDS Applications	322	(1)
MMDS Vendor Initiatives	322	(1)
Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)	323	(2)
LMDS Features and Functions	323	(1)
LMDS Operations	323	(1)
LMDS Implementation Considerations	323	(1)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) LMDS Auctions	324	(1)
LMDS Vendor Initiatives	324	(1)
Multipoint Communications Systems (MCS)	325	(1)
MCS Features and Functions	325	(1)
Local Multipoint Communications System (LMCS)	326	(1)
LMCS Services	326	(1)
LMCS in Action	326	(1)
Multipoint Video Distribution Systems (MVDS)	326	(1)
MVDS Fundamentals	326	(1)
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration (CEPT) and Multimedia Wireless Systems (MWS)	327	(1)
Wireless and Wireline Cable Network Systems Initiatives	327	(6)
Arizona	327	(1)
California	328	(1)
Florida	328	(1)
Georgia	328	(1)
Hawaii	329	(1)
Louisiana	329	(1)
Massachusetts	329	(1)
Michigan	329	(1)
Missouri	330	(1)
Montana	331	(1)
New Jersey	331	(1)
South Carolina	331	(1)
Tennessee	332	(1)
Virginia	332	(1)
International Cable Network Tele-Education Initiatives	333	(1)
Canada	333	(1)
Germany	333	(1)
Hungary	334	(1)
Spain	334	(1)
U.S. Cable Network Telemedicine Initiatives	334	(1)
Montana	334	(1)
Texas	334	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications Program (EC-TAP)	335	(1)
Domestic Interactive Telematic Education and Learning (DOMITEL)	335	(1)
Electronic Learning Environment for Continual Training and Research (ELECTRA)	335	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (EC-ACTS) Program	335	(1)
Advanced Resource Management in Service Integrated and Multi-Layered HFC Access Networks (AROMA)	335	(1)
ATM Applications over Hybrid Optical Fiber Coax (ATHOC)	335	(1)
Integrated Broadband Communications on Broadcast Networks (IBCoBN)	335	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	336	(1)
MTV	336	(1)
Videogateway	336	(1)
Summary	336	(1)
Selected Web Sites	337	(2)
Cellular Technologies and Networks	339	(48)
Introduction	339	(1)
Purpose	339	(1)
Foundations	340	(1)
Cellular Overview	340	(2)
Cellular Technical Fundamentals	340	(1)
Cellular Handoffs	341	(1)
Mobile IP (Internet Protocol)	342	(1)
Cellular Device Security	342	(1)
Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum	342	(2)
RF Spectrum Basics	342	(1)
Spectral Allocations	343	(1)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission	343	(1)
Cellular Communications Standards Organizations and Activities	344	(3)
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)	344	(1)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)	345	(1)
Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association (CTIA)	345	(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)	345	(1)
Mobility for Emergency and Safety Applications (MESA)	346	(1)
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) Features and Functions	347	(1)
D-AMPS (Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone Service)	347	(1)
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Operations	347	(1)
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)	348	(1)
CDPD Features and Functions	348	(1)
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) Forum	348	(1)
CDPD Marketplace	348	(1)
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)	349	(1)
CDMA Features and Functions	349	(1)
CDMA Marketplace	350	(1)
cdmaOne and cdma2000	350	(1)
cdmaOne	350	(1)
cdma2000	350	(1)
cdma2000 Marketplace	351	(1)
Wideband-Code-Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA)	351	(1)
W-CDMA Operations and Services	351	(1)
W-CDMA Standards Organizations and Activities	352	(1)
W-CDMA Marketplace	352	(1)
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)	352	(3)
WAP Capabilities, Operations, and Services	352	(1)
WAP Forum and the WAP 2.0 Specification	353	(1)
Wireless Markup Language (WML)	354	(1)
Mobile Station Application Execution Environment (MExE)	354	(1)
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) Solutions	354	(1)
WAP Marketplace	354	(1)
Personal Communications Services (PCS)	355	(1)
PCS Features, Functions, and Solutions	355	(1)
PCS Marketplace	355	(1)
Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM)	356	(8)
GSM Technical Fundamentals	356	(1)
Basic GSM Configuration	356	(2)
GSM Transmission	358	(1)
GSM Operations	358	(1)
Satellite Technologies	358	(2)
GSM Configurations	360	(1)
GSM Applications and Services	360	(1)
GSM Standards Organizations and Activities	361	(2)
GSM Marketplace	363	(1)
GSM Implementation Considerations	364	(1)
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)	364	(3)
GPRS Features and Functions	364	(1)
GPRS Applications	365	(1)
GPRS M-Services	365	(1)
GPRS and High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD)	366	(1)
GPRS Standards Organizations and Activities	366	(1)
GPRS Marketplace	366	(1)
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)	367	(2)
DECT Technical Fundamentals	367	(1)
DECT and GSM	367	(1)
ETST DECT Project	368	(1)
DECT Applications and Services	368	(1)
DECT and Personal Handyphone System (PHS) Solutions	368	(1)
DECT Forum	369	(1)
Software Defined Radio (SDR)	369	(1)
SDR Implementations and Applications	369	(1)
SDR Operations	369	(1)
SDR Forum	370	(1)
Enhanced Software Radio Forum (ESRF)	370	(1)
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-Year 2000)	370	(5)
IMT-2000 Fundamentals	370	(1)
IMT-2000 Infrastructure	370	(1)
Distinctive IMT-2000 Attributes	371	(1)
IMT-2000 Configurations	371	(1)
IMT-2000 Standards Organizations and Activities	372	(3)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)	375	(5)
UMTS Foundations	375	(1)
UMTS Capabilities	375	(1)
UMTS Communicators	376	(1)
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)	376	(2)
UMTS or T-UMTS (Terrestrial-UMTS) and S-UMTS (Satellite-UMTS) Operations	378	(1)
UMTS and IMT-2000	378	(1)
UMTS Standards Organizations and Activities	379	(1)
Time-Division Multiple Access-Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (TDMA-EDGE) Technology	380	(1)
TDMA-EDGE Applications and Services	380	(1)
Universal Wireless Communications Consortium (UWCC)	381	(1)
3GSM (Third-Generation GSM)	381	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (EC-ACTS) Program	381	(1)
Mobile Multimedia Systems (MoMuSys)	381	(1)
Security for Personal Communications Technology (ASPECT)	381	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	382	(1)
BRAIN	382	(1)
CAUTION	382	(1)
IPv6 Wireless Internet Initiative (6WINIT)	382	(1)
TIGRA	382	(1)
On The Horizon: 4G Broadband Cellular Solutions	383	(1)
Cellular Health and Safety Considerations	383	(1)
Health and Safety Issues	383	(1)
U.S. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) Health and Safety Guidelines and Standards	384	(1)
Summary	384	(1)
Selected Web Sites	385	(2)
Wireless Technologies and Networks	387	(52)
Introduction	387	(1)
Purpose	387	(1)
Wireless Network Technologies	388	(1)
Infrared Technology	388	(2)
Infrared Technical Fundamentals	388	(1)
Infrared Data Association (IrDA)	389	(1)
Infrared Implementation Considerations	389	(1)
Laser Technology	390	(1)
Laser Technical Fundamentals	390	(1)
Free Space Optics (FSO) Laser Solutions (FSO)	390	(1)
Laser Marketplace	390	(1)
Spread Spectrum Technology	391	(5)
Spread Spectrum Technical Fundamentals	391	(1)
Spread Spectrum Foundations	391	(1)
Spread Spectrum Operations	392	(1)
Spread Spectrum Allocations	392	(1)
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Solutions	393	(1)
Spread Spectrum Marketplace	394	(2)
Microwave Technology	396	(2)
Microwave Technical Fundamentals	396	(1)
Microwave Spectrum Frequency Allocations	397	(1)
Microwave Marketplace	397	(1)
Microwave Implementation Considerations	397	(1)
Satellite Technology	398	(1)
Satellite Basics	398	(1)
Standards Organizations and Activities	398	(3)
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) T-141.P Working Group	399	(1)
U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)	399	(1)
United Kingdom (U.K.) Radio Communications Agency	400	(1)
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration (CEPT)	400	(1)
ITU-Radio Communications Sector (ITU-R)	401	(1)
International Telecommunications Commission-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)	401	(1)
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)	401	(1)
Wireless Network Protocols	401	(2)
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)	401	(1)
Code-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	402	(1)
Vector-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	402	(1)
Wideband-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	402	(1)
IEEE 802.11 Specification	403	(1)
High-Rate LANs	403	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LANs	404	(2)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LAN Fundamentals	404	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LAN Transmission Essentials	404	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LAN Components	404	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet Implementation Considerations	405	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LAN Marketplace	405	(1)
Broadband FWA Ethernet LANs Standards Organizations and Activities	406	(1)
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)	406	(1)
HiperLAN-1 (High Performance Radio Local Area Network-Type 1) and HiperLAN-2 (HiperLAN-Type 2)	407	(1)
HiperLAN-1 and HiperLAN-2 Specifications	407	(1)
HiperLAN-1 and HiperLAN-2 Capabilities	407	(1)
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)	408	(2)
WPAN Technical Features	408	(1)
WPAN Devices	408	(1)
IEEE 802.15 WPAN Working Group	409	(1)
IEEE 802.15 High-Rate Study Group	409	(1)
IEEE 802.15 Task Groups	409	(1)
Bluetooth Technology	410	(1)
Bluetooth Technical Fundamentals	410	(1)
Bluetooth Transmission Basics	410	(1)
Bluetooth Applications and Services	411	(1)
Bluetooth Piconets	411	(1)
Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b FWA Ethernet LAN Operations	411	(1)
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG)	411	(1)
Wireless Home Networks (WHNs)	411	(3)
WHN Features and Functions	411	(2)
WHN Configurations	413	(1)
WHN Applications	413	(1)
HomeRF (Radio Frequency) Working Group	413	(1)
IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Systems	414	(2)
BWA Technical Features and Functions	414	(1)
BWA Transmission Basics	414	(1)
IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Systems	415	(1)
IEEE 802.16a Extension	415	(1)
IEEE 802.16b Extension: The WirelessHUMAN (High-Data Rate Unlicensed Metropolitan Area Network) Initiative	415	(1)
National-Wireless Electronic Systems Testbed (N-WEST)	416	(1)
Broadband Wireless Internet Forum	416	(1)
Broadband Radio Access Network (BRAN)	416	(1)
BRAN Capabilities	416	(1)
BRAN Participants	416	(1)
Broadband FWA Network Marketplace	417	(1)
Implementation Consideration	417	(1)
Wireless Network Security	418	(1)
U.S. Tele-Education Wireless Solutions	419	(4)
California	419	(1)
Colorado	420	(1)
Florida	420	(1)
Hawaii	420	(1)
Michigan	421	(1)
Missouri	421	(1)
New York	421	(1)
Texas	422	(1)
Washington, D.C.	422	(1)
U.S. Virgin Islands	423	(1)
International Tele-Education Initiatives	423	(2)
Australia	423	(1)
Canada	423	(1)
Latvia	424	(1)
Nordic Countries	424	(1)
Norway	424	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications (EC-TAP) Program	425	(1)
Education and Training Services for Home Learners (TOPILOT)	425	(1)
Business Sector Wireless Initiatives	425	(1)
Public Sector Wireless Initiatives	426	(1)
Puerto Rico	426	(1)
Sweden	426	(1)
Remote Monitoring Wireless Networking Services	427	(1)
Wireless Telemedicine Initiatives	427	(1)
California	427	(1)
North Carolina	427	(1)
Ohio	427	(1)
South Carolina	428	(1)
Wireless Network Challenges	428	(1)
U.S. Wireless Research Initiatives	429	(3)
California	429	(1)
Indiana	430	(1)
New Jersey	431	(1)
Pennsylvania	431	(1)
Virginia	431	(1)
DARPA Glo-Mo (Global Mobile Information Systems) Initiatives	432	(1)
California	432	(1)
New Jersey	433	(1)
European Commission Advanced (EC-ACTS) WATM (Wireless ATM) Projects	433	(1)
Magic Wireless ATM Network Demonstrator (WAND)	433	(1)
Wireless Broadband CPN/LAN for Professional and Residential Multimedia Applications (MEDIAN)	433	(1)
Planning Guidelines	433	(2)
Summary	435	(1)
Selected Web Sites	436	(3)
Satellite Networks	439	(46)
Introduction	439	(1)
Purpose	439	(1)
Foundations	439	(3)
The U.S. Department of Defense Global Positioning System (GPS)	440	(1)
NASA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) Experiment Program	441	(1)
Ohio Consortium for Advanced Communications Technology (OCACT)	441	(1)
Satellite Technical Fundamentals	442	(1)
Antennas	442	(1)
Satellite Protocols	443	(1)
Satellite Frequency Bands	443	(1)
C-Band Transmissions	443	(1)
Ku-Band Transmissions	444	(1)
Ka-Band Transmissions	444	(1)
L-Band and S-Band Transmission	444	(1)
GSM, 3GSM, and S-UMTS	444	(2)
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and 3GSM (Third-Generation GSM)	444	(1)
Satellite-Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (S-UMTS)	445	(1)
Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite (GMPCS) Specifications and Services	445	(1)
National and International Standards Organizations and Activities	446	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Sector (ITU-T)	446	(1)
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Development Sector (ITU-D)	446	(1)
Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC)	446	(1)
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project	447	(1)
World Radiocommunications Conference (WRC)	447	(1)
Geostationary-Earth Orbit or Geosynchronous-Earth Orbit (GEO), Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO), and Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Systems	447	(3)
GEO Satellite Systems	447	(1)
Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellite Systems	448	(1)
Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Systems	449	(1)
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Solutions	450	(5)
VSAT Operations	450	(1)
VSAT Capabilities	450	(1)
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) Service	451	(1)
Global VSAT Forum	451	(1)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)	452	(1)
VSAT Initiatives	452	(2)
VSAT Research Initiatives	454	(1)
Satellite Broadcasts in the Tele-Education Domain	455	(2)
Satellite Program Providers in the United States	456	(1)
Commercial Satellite Operators	457	(2)
Canal Satellite (CANALSAT)	457	(1)
European Telecommunications Satellite (EUTELSAT) Organization	457	(1)
Telenor Broadband Satellite Services	458	(1)
Satellite Network Configurations	459	(2)
NASA Tele-Education Projects	459	(1)
NASA Research and Education Network (NASA-NREN)	460	(1)
U.S. Department of Defense Satellite Telemedicine Initiatives	461	(1)
Satellite Initiatives Sponsored by Public and Private Partnerships and Consortia in the Tele-Education Domain	462	(2)
Community College Satellite Network	462	(1)
Stratys Learning Solutions	462	(1)
Star Schools Program	463	(1)
Western Governors University (WGU)	463	(1)
Satellite Tele-education Initiatives in the United States	464	(10)
Alabama	464	(1)
Alaska	464	(1)
Arizona	464	(1)
California	464	(1)
Georgia	465	(1)
Hawaii	466	(1)
Indiana	466	(1)
Iowa	467	(1)
Kansas	467	(1)
Maryland	468	(2)
Michigan	470	(1)
Mississippi	470	(1)
Missouri	470	(1)
Montana	470	(1)
North Carolina	471	(1)
Oklahoma	471	(1)
Oregon	472	(1)
South Carolina	472	(1)
South Dakota	472	(1)
Tennessee	473	(1)
Texas	473	(1)
Virginia	473	(1)
West Virginia	473	(1)
Wisconsin	474	(1)
International Satellite Telecommunications Initiatives	474	(3)
Australia	474	(1)
Bulgaria	474	(1)
Canada	474	(1)
Estonia	475	(1)
Georgia	475	(1)
Honduras	476	(1)
Israel	476	(1)
Lithuania	476	(1)
Mexico	476	(1)
Poland	477	(1)
United Kingdom	477	(1)
European Commission Telematics Applications Program (EC-TAP)	477	(1)
European Educational Teleports (EETP)	477	(1)
Flexible Learning Environment Experiment (FLEX)	477	(1)
Medical Emergency Aid through Telematics (MERMAID)	477	(1)
SAFETY-NET	478	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (EC-ACTS) Initiatives	478	(1)
Digital Interactive Satellite Terminal for Master Antenna Systems in the Third Millennium (S3M)	478	(1)
Interactive Satellite Multimedia Information System (ISIS)	478	(1)
Multimedia User Interface for Interactive Services (MUSIST)	479	(1)
Switched ATM and IP over Satellite (ASSET)	479	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	479	(1)
BRAHMS	479	(1)
IBIS	479	(1)
MULTIKaRa	480	(1)
SATIN (Satellite-UMTS IP Network)	480	(1)
SATIN (Satellite-Supported Internet Terminals)	480	(1)
Satellite Network Implementation Considerations in Educational Venues	480	(1)
Summary	481	(1)
Selected Web Sites	482	(3)
Next-Generation Networks	485	(56)
Introduction	485	(1)
Purpose	485	(1)
Next-Generation Internet (NGI)	485	(6)
Next-Generation Internet (NGI) Overview	485	(1)
NGI Participants	486	(1)
NGI Testbeds and Research Initiatives	486	(1)
NGI Infrastructure	486	(1)
NGI Network Initiatives	487	(4)
Contributors to the Development of a Broadband Global Internetwork	491	(5)
High-Performance International Internet Services (HPIIS) Program	491	(1)
Science, Technology, and Research Transit Access Point (STAR TAP) and StarLight	491	(2)
Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN)	493	(1)
Euro-Link	494	(1)
MIRnet (Joint United States and Russian High-Performance International Internet Services) and the MIRnet Consortium	494	(1)
NORDUnet2 (Nordic Countries Network, Phase 2)	494	(1)
TransPAC (Trans-Pacific) Network	495	(1)
NGI Grids	496	(8)
GRID Fundamentals	496	(1)
Grid Implementations	497	(1)
Grid Organizations and Activities	498	(1)
U.S. Grid Implementations	499	(4)
International Grid Initiatives	503	(1)
NGI Telemedicine Projects	504	(3)
National Library of Medicine (NLM)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)	504	(1)
NLM/NIH Telemedicine Projects and Initiatives	505	(2)
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) 12 (Internet2) NGI Programs and Initiatives	507	(3)
Internet2 Digital Video Network (12-DVN)	508	(1)
Internet2 Middleware Initiative (12-MI)	509	(1)
Internet2-Distributed Storage Infrastructure (12-DSI)	509	(1)
ResearchChannel	509	(1)
Center for Advanced Video Network Engineering and Research (CAVNER)	509	(1)
ViDeNet	510	(1)
Connections to the Internet	510	(1)
Computer Science and Engineering Directorate (CISE)	510	(1)
Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research (ANIR) Division	510	(1)
Digital Libraries (DLs)	511	(1)
Digital Libraries Features and Functions	511	(1)
Federal Digital Library (DL) Initiatives	512	(1)
D-LIB Forum (Digital Libraries Forum)	512	(1)
Digital Libraries Initiative-Phase 1 (DL-1) and DL-2 (DL-Phase 2)	512	(1)
U.S. Digital Library Initiatives	513	(2)
California	513	(1)
Illinois	513	(1)
Maryland	514	(1)
New York	514	(1)
Pennsylvania	514	(1)
Texas	514	(1)
Virginia	515	(1)
International DL Initiatives	515	(1)
Japan	515	(1)
New Zealand	515	(1)
United Kingdom	515	(1)
DB2 Digital Library Initiative	516	(1)
European Commission Telematics for Libraries Program	516	(1)
Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education-I (DESIRE-Phase I) and DESIRE-II (DESIRE-Phase II)	516	(1)
European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERICM)	517	(1)
ERICM High-Performance Networking Projects	517	(1)
ERCIM DELOS Working Group and the Digital Library (DL) Initiative	517	(1)
ERCIM MECCANO (Multimedia Education and Conferncing Collaboration over ATM Networks) Initiative	518	(1)
TEN-155 (Trans-European Network-155.52 Mbps)	518	(2)
TEN-155 Features and Functions	518	(2)
National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) and Peer-Level Regional Networks	520	(16)
Argentina	520	(1)
Australia	520	(1)
Austria	521	(1)
Belguim	521	(1)
Canada	522	(1)
Chile	522	(1)
China	522	(1)
Croatia	523	(1)
Czech Republic	523	(1)
Denmark	523	(1)
Estonia	524	(1)
Finland	524	(1)
France	525	(1)
Germany	526	(1)
Greece	526	(1)
Hungary	526	(1)
Iceland	527	(1)
Ireland	527	(1)
Israel	527	(1)
Italy	528	(1)
Japan	528	(2)
Korea	530	(1)
Malaysia	530	(1)
Mexico	530	(1)
Netherlands	531	(1)
Norway	531	(1)
Poland	531	(1)
Portugal	532	(1)
Romania	532	(1)
Singapore	532	(2)
Slovak Republic	534	(1)
Slovenia	534	(1)
Spain	534	(1)
Sweden	534	(1)
Switzerland	535	(1)
Taiwan	535	(1)
Thailand	535	(1)
United Kingdom	536	(1)
GEANT Network	536	(2)
Task Force-Next Generation Network (TF-NGN)	537	(1)
European Commission Information Societies Technology Program (EC-IST)	538	(1)
Summary	538	(1)
Selected Web Sites	539	(2)
Network Security	541	(38)
Introduction	541	(1)
Purpose	541	(1)
Security Incidents and Cyberinvasions	541	(1)
Security Warnings, Advisories, and Fixes	542	(1)
Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) at Purdue University	542	(1)
Computer Emergency Response Team/Coordination Center (CERT/CC)	542	(1)
Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST)	543	(1)
International Computer Security Association (ICSA) and the Internet Service Providers Security Consortium (ISPsec)	543	(1)
Internet Mail Consortium (IMC)	543	(1)
National Security Agency (NSA)	543	(1)
Identification Mechanisms and Authentication Measures	543	(3)
Passwords	543	(1)
Biometric Solutions	544	(1)
Cookies	545	(1)
Smart Cards	546	(1)
Firewalls	546	(3)
Firewall Features, Functions, and Operations	546	(2)
Certification of Firewall Products	548	(1)
Firewall Marketplace	548	(1)
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)	549	(1)
IDS (Intrusion Detection System) Features and Functions	549	(1)
IDS Standards Activities	549	(1)
University of California at Davis (UC Davis)	549	(1)
IDS Marketplace	549	(1)
Cryptosystems	550	(5)
Encryption Fundamentals	550	(1)
Encryption System Specifications, Algorithms, and Solutions	550	(5)
Digital Signatures	555	(2)
Digital Signature Features and Functions	555	(1)
Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) and the E-SIGN Bill (Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act)	556	(1)
Digital Signatures and Encryption	556	(1)
Digital Signature Protocols and Specifications	556	(1)
Digital Certificates and Certification Authorities (CAs)	557	(1)
Digital Certificates and Certification Authorities Features and Functions	557	(1)
Digital Certificate Specifications and Solutions	557	(1)
Digital Signature Marketplace	558	(1)
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)	558	(3)
PKI Features and Functions	558	(1)
PKI Specifications and Solutions	558	(2)
PKI Marketplace	560	(1)
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) Security Considerations	561	(5)
E-Commerce Fundamentals	561	(1)
E-Commerce Applications and Services	561	(1)
E-Commerce Operations and Security Risks	562	(1)
Electronic Payment Systems	562	(1)
E-Commerce Organizations, Security Specifications, and Solutions	563	(2)
European Commission Telecommunications Applications Program (EC-TAP)	565	(1)
European Commission Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (EC-ACTS) Program	565	(1)
European Commission Information Society Technologies (EC-IST) Program	566	(1)
Privacy on the Internet	566	(2)
Internet Privacy Coalition (IPC)	567	(1)
W3C Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) Project	567	(1)
School Security Policies	568	(1)
Features and Functions	568	(1)
Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs)	569	(1)
Web Filters and Web Rating Solutions	569	(2)
Web Filtering Tools	569	(1)
Web Rating Systems	570	(1)
National Legislative Initiatives	571	(1)
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)	571	(1)
Children's Internet Protection Act	571	(1)
National Plan for Information Systems Protection	571	(1)
Patriot (Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) Act	572	(1)
International Legislative Initiative	572	(1)
Council of Europe (CoE)	572	(1)
Cyber Rights	572	(1)
Copyright and Intellectual Property Protection	572	(1)
Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT)	573	(1)
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)	573	(1)
National Coalition against Censorship (NCAC)	573	(1)
Network Management Protocols	573	(2)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)	574	(1)
RMON (Remote Networking Monitoring) Devices	574	(1)
Active Networks	574	(1)
Summary	575	(1)
Selected Web Sites	575	(4)
Index	579