Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6 The Evolving World of M2M Communications

by Minoli, Daniel

• ISBN13: 9781118473474
• ISBN10: 1118473477
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2013-07-10
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

"If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about things—using data they gathered without any help from us—we would be able to track and count everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss, and cost. We would know when things needed replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their best. The Internet of Things has the potential to change the world, just as the Internet did. Maybe even more so."
—Kevin Ashton, originator of the term, Internet of Things

An examination of the concept and unimagined potential unleashed by the Internet of Things (IoT) with IPv6 and MIPv6

What is the Internet of Things? How can it help my organization? What is the cost of deploying such a system? What are the security implications? Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6: The Evolving World of M2M Communications answers these questions and many more.

This essential book explains the concept and potential that the IoT presents, from mobile applications that allow home appliances to be programmed remotely, to solutions in manufacturing and energy conservation. It features a tutorial for implementing the IoT using IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 and offers complete chapter coverage that explains:

• What is the Internet of Things?
• Internet of Things definitions and frameworks
• Internet of Things application examples
• Fundamental IoT mechanisms and key technologies
• Evolving IoT standards
• Layer 1/2 connectivity: wireless technologies for the IoT
• Layer 3 connectivity: IPv6 technologies for the IoT
• IPv6 over low power WPAN (6lowpan)

Easily accessible, applicable, and not overly technical, Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6 is an important resource for Internet and ISP providers, telecommunications companies, wireless providers, logistics professionals, and engineers in equipment development, as well as graduate students in computer science and computer engineering courses.

Author Biography

DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in Internet and IP engineering, design, and implementations at organizations including Telcordia (Bellcore), Prudential Securities, AT&T, Capital One Financial, and Gartner/DataPro. A former lecturer at Stevens Institute of Technology, NYU's Information Technology Institute, and Rutgers University, Mr. Minoli has written columns for Computerworld, Network World, and Network Computing magazines and is the author of more than ten Wiley publications.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xiii

ABOUT THE AUTHOR xvii

1 WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS? 1

1.1 Overview and Motivations / 1

1.2 Examples of Applications / 12

1.3 IPv6 Role / 17

1.4 Areas of Development and Standardization / 20

1.5 Scope of the Present Investigation / 23

Appendix 1.A: Some Related Literature / 25

References / 26

2 INTERNET OF THINGS DEFINITIONS AND FRAMEWORKS 28

2.1 IoT Definitions / 28

2.1.1 General Observations / 28

2.1.2 ITU-T Views / 31

2.1.3 Working Definition / 33

2.2 IoT Frameworks / 38

2.3 Basic Nodal Capabilities / 44

References / 46

3 INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATION EXAMPLES 48

3.1 Overview / 49

3.2 Smart Metering/Advanced Metering Infrastructure / 52

3.3 e-Health/Body Area Networks / 55

3.4 City Automation / 62

3.5 Automotive Applications / 64

3.6 Home Automation / 67

3.7 Smart Cards / 70

3.8 Tracking (Following and Monitoring Mobile Objects) / 77

3.9 Over-The-Air-Passive Surveillance/Ring of Steel / 79

3.10 Control Application Examples / 86

3.11 Myriad Other Applications / 93

References / 94

4 FUNDAMENTAL IoT MECHANISMS AND KEY TECHNOLOGIES 97

4.1 Identification of IoT Objects and Services / 97

4.2 Structural Aspects of the IoT / 101

4.2.1 Environment Characteristics / 101

4.2.2 Traffic Characteristics / 102

4.2.3 Scalability / 102

4.2.4 Interoperability / 103

4.2.5 Security and Privacy / 103

4.2.6 Open Architecture / 103

4.3 Key IoT Technologies / 103

4.3.1 Device Intelligence / 103

4.3.2 Communication Capabilities / 104

4.3.3 Mobility Support / 104

4.3.4 Device Power / 105

4.3.5 Sensor Technology / 107

4.3.6 RFID Technology / 111

4.3.7 Satellite Technology / 118

References / 119

5 EVOLVING IoT STANDARDS 120

5.1 Overview and Approaches / 120

5.2 IETF IPv6 Routing Protocol for RPL Roll / 123

5.3 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) / 126

5.3.1 Background / 126

5.3.2 Messaging Model / 129

5.3.3 Request/Response Model / 129

5.3.4 Intermediaries and Caching / 129

5.4 Representational State Transfer (REST) / 130

5.5 ETSI M2M / 130

5.6 Third-Generation Partnership Project Service Requirements for Machine-Type Communications / 131

5.6.1 Approach / 131

5.6.2 Architectural Reference Model for MTC / 134

5.7 CENELEC / 135

5.8 IETF IPv6 Over Lowpower WPAN (6LoWPAN) / 137

5.9 ZigBee IP (ZIP) / 137

5.10 IP in Smart Objects (IPSO) / 138

Appendix 5.A: Legacy Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems / 138

References / 142

6 LAYER 1/2 CONNECTIVITY: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE IoT 144

6.1 WPAN Technologies for IoT/M2M / 145

6.1.1 Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 / 155

6.1.2 Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE) / 170

6.1.3 Bluetooth and its Low-Energy Profile / 170

6.1.4 IEEE 802.15.6 WBANs / 180

6.1.5 IEEE 802.15 WPAN TG4j MBANs / 181

6.1.6 ETSI TR 101 557 / 184

6.1.7 NFC / 187

6.1.8 Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Related Protocols / 189

6.1.9 Comparison of WPAN Technologies / 192

6.2 Cellular and Mobile Network Technologies for IoT/M2M / 195

6.2.1 Overview and Motivations / 195

6.2.2 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System / 196

6.2.3 LTE / 197

Appendix 6.A: Non-Wireless Technologies for IoT: Powerline Communications / 209

References / 216

7 LAYER 3 CONNECTIVITY: IPv6 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE IoT 220

7.1 Overview and Motivations / 220

7.2 Address Capabilities / 224

7.2.1 IPv4 Addressing and Issues / 224

7.2.2 IPv6 Address Space / 225

7.3 IPv6 Protocol Overview / 231

7.4 IPv6 Tunneling / 239

7.5 IPsec in IPv6 / 242

7.6 Header Compression Schemes / 242

7.7 Quality of Service in IPv6 / 245

7.8 Migration Strategies to IPv6 / 246

7.8.1 Technical Approaches / 246

7.8.2 Residential Broadband Services in an IPv6 Environment / 250

7.8.3 Deployment Opportunities / 252

References / 254

8 LAYER 3 CONNECTIVITY: MOBILE IPv6 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE IoT 257

8.1 Overview / 257

8.2 Protocol Details / 266

8.2.1 Generic Mechanisms / 267

8.2.2 New IPv6 Protocol, Message Types, and Destination Option / 271

8.2.3 Modifications to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery / 277

8.2.4 Requirements for Various IPv6 Nodes / 278

8.2.5 Correspondent Node Operation / 278

8.2.6 HA Node Operation / 285

8.2.7 Mobile Node Operation / 286

8.2.8 Relationship to IPV4 Mobile IPv4 (MIP) / 291

References / 292

9 IPv6 OVER LOW-POWER WPAN (6LoWPAN) 293

9.1 Background/Introduction / 294

9.2 6LoWPANs Goals / 296

9.3 Transmission of IPv6 Packets Over IEEE 802.15.4 / 297

References / 301

GLOSSARY 302

INDEX 356