The Buried Past

by Cotter, John L.; Roberts, Daniel G.; Parrington, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780812231427
• ISBN10: 0812231422
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1992-12-01
• Publisher: Univ of Pennsylvania Pr

Summary

The Buried Pastpresents the most significant archaeological discoveries made in one of America's most historic cities. Based on more than thirty years of intensive archaeological investigations in the greater Philadelphia area, this study contains the first record of many nationally important sites linking archaeological evidence to historical documentation, including Interdependence and Valley Forge National Historical Parks. It provides an archaeological tour through the houses and life-ways of both the great figures and the common people. It reveals how people dined, what vessels and dishes they used, and what their trinkets (and secret sins) were.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction	xvii
PART I Setting the Stage
The Philadelphia Region from Prehistory into History	2	(28)
The Environment	3	(6)
Prehistoric Inhabitants	9	(8)
The Lenape of the Historic Contact Period	17	(10)
Appendix 1.A: Lenape Settlements and Place Names	27	(3)
Philadelphia in Historic Times	30	(44)
Period of Initial Settlement: 1624--1682	32	(2)
Founding of the Town: 1682--1701	34	(5)
The Colonial City: 1701--1775	39	(9)
The City at War: 1775--1783	48	(3)
The City in the Federal Era: 1783--1830	51	(6)
The Early Industrial City: 1830--1860	57	(8)
The Industrial City in Its Prime: 1860--1901	65	(3)
The City in the Early Twentieth Century: 1901--1930	68	(6)
PART II Archaeological Sites in Downtown Philadelphia and Philadelphia County
Independence National Historical Park	74	(78)
The Houses of William Penn	79	(7)
Benjamin Franklin's Lost House	86	(11)
Carpenters' Court: A Surprising Find	97	(4)
Archaeology in the Cradle of the Nation: Independence Hall and Its Surroundings	101	(18)
Bishop White's House: How a Good Man Lived above the Evils of Insanitation	119	(8)
The Graff House and the Kosciuszko House: Fleeting Visits and Lasting Fame	127	(8)
The McIlvaine House Privy and Area F: Historical Archaeology in Practice	135	(7)
Appendix 3.A: Artifacts from Franklin's House and Market Street Rental Properties	142	(3)
Appendix 3.B: Artifacts from Cisterns 3 and 3A, Independence Hall East Wing Basement	145	(2)
Appendix 3.C: Artifacts from the McIlvaine House Privy	147	(5)
Old Philadelphia	152	(64)
New Market: Of Enterprise and Infanticide	154	(8)
Man Full of Trouble Tavern: Not So Genteel	162	(8)
The Walnut Street Prison Workshop: How to Reduce Recidivism	170	(11)
310 Cypress Street: Another Surprising Find	181	(3)
The Hill-Physick-Keith House: Down Almshouse, Up Mansion	184	(7)
The U.S. Mint: From Coinage to Coin Bank	191	(8)
Old St. Paul's Church: Philadelphia's Elite Burial Customs	199	(6)
Washington Square: The Saga of the Unknown Soldier and the Anonymous Archaeologist	205	(5)
Appendix 4.A: Artifacts and Faunal Remains from Feature 16, New Market East	210	(1)
Appendix 4.B: Artifacts from the Walnut Street Prison	211	(2)
Appendix 4.C: Artifacts from the Vicinity of the First U.S. Mint	213	(3)
The Delaware Waterfront	216	(58)
Interstate-95: The Long and the Short of It	217	(10)
West's Shipyard and Its Neighbors: From Sand to Asphalt on the ``Hertz Lot''	227	(7)
Front and Dock Streets: Some of the Earliest Evidence	234	(5)
The High Ward: Reflections on a Changing Culture	239	(3)
8 South Front Street: A Study in Continuity	242	(4)
From Porcelain Rosettes to Brass Cannons: The Story of the Bonnin and Morris Porcelain Factory	246	(6)
Fort Mifflin: Forgotten Defender	252	(11)
The Franklin Square Powder Magazine	263	(3)
The Frankford Arsenal: Nearly Two Centuries of Arming the Nation	266	(8)
The City Beyond the Colonial Core	274	(48)
Bartram's Garden: An Early Botanical Venture	275	(6)
The Gorgas Mill Complex: Early Industry Along the Wissahickon	281	(3)
The First African Baptist Church and the Kensington Methodist Church: Forgotten Burial Grounds	284	(6)
A Site for a New Convention Center: Of Almshouses, Trains and Terminals, and Shelters for Fallen Women	290	(8)
Vine Street from River to River: Mixed Nineteenth-Century Neighborhoods	298	(6)
The Ninth Ward: Nineteenth-Century Sanitation Practices	304	(4)
The Commuter Rail Tunnel: Of Schoolboy Pranks and Other Site-Specific Matters	308	(4)
The Point Breeze Gas Works: Archaeology without Digging	312	(6)
The ``Saponified'' Man and Woman: Some Victorian Archaeology	318	(4)
Germantown	322	(34)
Wyck: Germantown's Oldest Surviving House	325	(7)
Stenton: James Logan's Country Estate	332	(5)
Grumblethorpe: Germantown's First Summer Home	337	(6)
The Deshler-Morris House: The Nation's First ``Summer White House''	343	(4)
Cliveden: Wounded Veteran of the Revolutionary War	347	(4)
The Story of How an Unknown British Soldier of the Battle of Germantown Regained His Identity	351	(5)
PART III Archaeological Sites in the Surrounding Counties
Bucks County	356	(20)
Pennsbury Manor: Penn's Archaeological Problem	359	(4)
Fallsington: ``The Town Time Forgot''	363	(5)
The Wynkoop House: A Modest Dutch Dwelling in the Hinterlands	368	(3)
Trevose, the Growden Mansion	371	(5)
Montgomery County	376	(26)
Harriton: Witness to National and Personal Frustration	379	(4)
Graeme Park: From Malt House to Georgian Mansion	383	(6)
Hope Lodge: Of Legends and Uncertain Origins	389	(4)
The Peter Wentz Farmstead: Germanic Influence in the Delaware Valley	393	(5)
The Highlands: Social Stratification in Fort Washington	398	(4)
Chester and Delaware Counties	402	(44)
The Printzhof: A Heavy Man with a Heavy Hand	405	(4)
The Morton Homestead and the Mortonson House: The Old Swedes at Home	409	(6)
The Grange: A Welsh Quaker Estate and Its Evolution	415	(4)
The Caleb Pusey House: A Durable Quaker Rustic	419	(4)
Ridley Creek State Park: The Colonial Pennsylvania Plantation and Sycamore Mills	423	(7)
Waynesborough: The Estate of General ``Mad'' Anthony Wayne	430	(4)
Valley Forge: A National Icon Uncovered	434	(8)
The Barns-Brinton House: Archaeological Evidence of Old U.S. Route 1	442	(4)
PART IV Archaeological Perspectives
A Retrospective View: Interpreting the Evidence	446	(14)
Stratification and the Open Society	447	(3)
Sanitation and Health Care	450	(3)
Commerce and Industry	453	(1)
Deviant Behavior	454	(2)
Sporting Philadelphia	456	(4)
A Prospective View: Directions for Future Research	460	(11)
Archaeological Resources of the Delaware River: Submerged Sites and Shipwrecks	461	(5)
Transportation Networks	466	(1)
Industrial Sites	466	(3)
A Concluding Note on the Future of Philadelphia's Archaeology	469	(2)
Appendix: Minor Archaeological Investigations in the Philadelphia Region	471	(4)
Glossary	475	(4)
References Cited	479	(36)
Index	515