Business Data Networks and Telecommunications

by Panko, Raymond R.

• ISBN13: 9780132214414
• ISBN10: 0132214415
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780131454491, 9780136153405
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This book has11 core chaptersthat form a complete introduction to networking.Mini chapters follow 4 of the chapters(ch. 1, 3, and 8, and 9) with case studies or hands-on exercisesreinforcing material in the previous core chapter. In addition, three advanced modules at the end of the book (Module A, B, and C) contain material teachers may wish to cover selectively for emphasis

Author Biography

Ray Panko is a professor of IT management at the University of Hawaii's College of Business Administration.

Table of Contents

Preface for Teachers	xxiii
Preface for Students	xxxi
An Introduction To Networking	1	(76)
What Is Networking?	1	(4)
The Internet	2	(2)
Internal Corporate Network Applications	4	(1)
Data Communications and Telecommunications	4	(1)
Single Networks	5	(7)
The Nine Elements of a Network	5	(1)
Client Computers, Server Computers, and Applications	6	(1)
Frames and Packet Switching	6	(1)
Switches and Routers	7	(1)
Access Lines, Trunk Lines, and Multiplexing	8	(1)
Wireless Access Points	9	(1)
How to Talk About Network Costs	9	(3)
LANS and WANS	12	(6)
The First Bank of Paradise	12	(1)
The Bank's Major Buildings	12	(2)
Wide Area Networks (WANs)	14	(1)
Local Area Networks (LANs)	15	(2)
LAN and WAN Transmission Costs and Speeds	17	(1)
WAN Carriers	17	(1)
Internets	18	(15)
Elements of an Internet	21	(2)
Packets Versus Frames	23	(1)
The Internet	24	(4)
Subnets	28	(2)
Intranets and Extranets	30	(1)
IP Address Management	30	(3)
Security	33	(3)
Firewalls	34	(1)
Host Hardening	35	(1)
Cryptographic Protections	35	(1)
Conclusions	36	(6)
Synopsis	36	(6)
Introduction	42	(1)
The Initial Situation	42	(1)
Applications	43	(1)
Internet Applications	43	(1)
File Sharing	44	(1)
Printer Sharing	44	(1)
Access Router and Cable Modem	44	(2)
Access Router	44	(1)
Cable Modem	44	(1)
Coaxial Cable	45	(1)
The Personal Computers	46	(1)
Network Interface Cards (NICs)	46	(1)
Device Driver	46	(1)
Networking Software	46	(1)
Wires, Connectors, and Jacks	47	(2)
UTP Cords	47	(1)
RJ-45 Connectors and Jacks	48	(1)
Patch Cords	49	(1)
The Access Router's Functions	49	(4)
The Access Router's Ethernet Switch	49	(1)
The Access Router's Router Function	50	(1)
The Access Router's DHCP Server	50	(1)
The Access Router's Network Address Translation (NAT) Function	51	(2)
Adding Wireless Transmission	53	(2)
The Problem with Wires	53	(1)
Access Router/Wireless Access Point Alternatives	53	(1)
Wireless NICs	54	(1)
The Downstairs PC	55	(1)
Reflections on Peer-to-Peer Networks Versus Dedicated Servers	55	(3)
Peer-to-Peer Networks	55	(2)
Inexpensive Networking	57	(1)
Operational Problems	57	(1)
Poor Security	57	(1)
Dedicated Servers	57	(1)
Network Attached Storage	57	(1)
Case Analysis	58	(1)
Introduction	59	(1)
Setting Up an Internet Connection	60	(3)
Initial Steps	60	(1)
Next Steps	61	(2)
Allowing Peer-to-Peer Directory and File Sharing	63	(5)
Network Setup Wizard: Welcome to the Network Setup Wizard	63	(1)
Network Setup Wizard: Before You Begin	63	(1)
Network Setup Wizard: Select a Connection Method	63	(3)
Network Setup Wizard: Your Computer Has Multiple Connections	66	(1)
Network Setup Wizard: Give This Computer a Description and Name	66	(1)
New Connection Wizard: Name Your Network	66	(1)
Network Setup Wizard: Ready to Apply Network Settings	67	(1)
Network Setup Wizard: Finish	68	(1)
Accessing Shared Files	68	(2)
Process	68	(1)
Shared Documents (SharedDocs)	68	(1)
Weak Security in Simple File Sharing	69	(1)
Sharing Additional Directories	70	(2)
Run the Network Setup Wizard	70	(1)
Select Another Directory You Wish to Share	70	(1)
In the Directory's Properties Dialog Box	71	(1)
Still No Security	71	(1)
Sharing Printers	72	(5)
Making a Printer Available for Sharing	72	(1)
Using a Shared Printer	73	(4)
Case Study: XTR Consulting: A SOHO Network with Dedicated Servers	77	(17)
Introduction	77	(2)
Peer-to-Peer Service	79	(2)
Inexpensive Networking	79	(1)
Operational Problems	79	(2)
Poor Security	81	(1)
Dedicated Servers	81	(6)
Benefits and Problems	81	(1)
Server Technology	82	(1)
Server Hardware	82	(2)
Network Operating Systems (NOSs) for PC Servers	84	(3)
XTR: The Initial Situation	87	(1)
PCs	87	(1)
Printers	87	(1)
Sneakernet	87	(1)
Remote Access	88	(1)
Internet Access	88	(1)
Maintenance	88	(1)
Broad Network Design	88	(5)
Labor Costs	88	(1)
Switch	88	(1)
Wires	88	(1)
Network Interface Card (NIC)	89	(1)
Dedicated Servers	89	(1)
Dedicated Print Servers	90	(1)
Internet Access	91	(1)
Firewall	92	(1)
Database Processing	92	(1)
Remote Access Service (RAS)	93	(1)
Your Detailed Design	93	(1)
Network Standards	94	(46)
Introduction	94	(1)
Standards Govern the Exchange of Messages	95	(5)
Message Semantics (Meaning)	96	(1)
Message Syntax	96	(2)
General Message Organization	98	(1)
Fields in Headers and Trailers	99	(1)
Reliability and Connections	100	(4)
Reliability	100	(2)
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Protocols	102	(2)
Connectionless and Unreliable Protocols Dominate	104	(1)
Layered Standards Architectures	104	(7)
Architectures	104	(2)
Layer 1 and Layer 2 Standards for Single Networks (LANs and WANs)	106	(1)
Physical Links	107	(1)
Standards for Internet Transmission	108	(2)
Standards for Applications	110	(1)
Why Layered Architectures?	111	(2)
Breaking Up Large Tasks into Smaller Tasks	111	(1)
Specialization in Standards Design	111	(1)
Simplification in Standards Design	112	(1)
If You Change a Standard at One Layer, You Do Not Have to Change Standards at Other Layers	112	(1)
Layers 1 (Physical) and 2 (Data Link) in Ethernet	113	(2)
Ethernet Physical Layer Standards	113	(1)
Ethernet Frames	113	(2)
Ethernet Characteristics	115	(1)
Layer 3: The Internet Protocol (IP)	115	(3)
Layer 2 Versus Layer 3	115	(1)
The IP Packet	116	(2)
IP Characteristics	118	(1)
Layer 4: The Transport Layer	118	(3)
Layers 3 and 4	118	(1)
TCP: A Reliable Protocol	119	(1)
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	120	(1)
Layer 5: HTTP and Other Application Standards	121	(1)
Vertical Communication on Hosts, Switches, and Routers	121	(6)
Layered Communication on the Source Host	121	(4)
On the Destination Host	125	(1)
On Switches and Routers Along the Way	126	(1)
Major Standards Architectures	127	(9)
TCP/IP and OSI Architectures	128	(1)
OSI	129	(3)
TCP/IP	132	(2)
The Application Layer	134	(1)
TCP/IP and OSI: The Hybrid TCP/IP-OSI Standards Architecture	134	(1)
A Multiprotocol World at Higher Layers	135	(1)
Standards at the First Bank of Paradise	136	(1)
Physical and Data Link Layer Standards	136	(1)
Protocols at Higher Layers	136	(1)
Conclusion	136	(4)
Synopsis	136	(4)
Physical Layer Propagation: UTP and Optical Fiber	140	(47)
Introduction: The Physical Layer	140	(1)
Signals and Propagation	141	(1)
Propagation	141	(1)
Signals	141	(1)
Propagation Effects	141	(1)
Binary Data Representation	142	(4)
Inherently Binary Data	142	(1)
Binary Numbers	142	(1)
Encoding Alternatives	143	(1)
Text (ASCII and Extended ASCII)	144	(1)
Raster Graphics	145	(1)
Signaling	146	(6)
Converting Data to Signals	146	(1)
On/Off Signaling	146	(1)
Binary Signaling	146	(3)
Binary Signaling Versus Digital Signaling	149	(1)
Multistate Digital Signaling	150	(1)
Bit Rates	151	(1)
Baud Rate	151	(1)
An Example	151	(1)
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wiring	152	(12)
4-Pair UTP and RJ-45	152	(2)
Attenuation and Noise Problems	154	(4)
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) in UTP Wiring	158	(2)
Serial and Parallel Transmission	160	(2)
Wire Quality Standard Categories	162	(2)
Optical Fiber	164	(10)
Light Through Glass	164	(1)
The Roles of Fiber and Copper	165	(1)
Optical Fiber Construction and Operation	166	(3)
Carrier Fiber	169	(3)
LAN Fiber	172	(2)
Noise and Electromagnetic Interference	174	(1)
Network Topologies	174	(2)
Point-to-Point Topology	175	(1)
Star Topology and Extended Star (Hierarchy) Topology	175	(1)
Mesh Topology	176	(1)
Ring Topology	176	(1)
Bus Topologies	176	(1)
Conclusion	176	(4)
Synopsis	176	(4)
Introduction	180	(1)
Solid and Stranded Wiring	180	(1)
Solid-Wire UTP Versus Stranded-Wire UTP	180	(1)
Relative Advantages	180	(1)
Adding Connectors	180	(1)
Cutting the Cord	181	(1)
Stripping the Cord	181	(1)
Working with the Exposed Pairs	182	(2)
Pair Colors	182	(1)
Untwisting the Pairs	182	(1)
Ordering the Pairs	182	(2)
Cutting the Wires	184	(1)
Adding the Connector	184	(1)
Holding the Connector	184	(1)
Sliding in the Wires	184	(1)
Some Jacket Inside the Connector	184	(1)
Crimping	184	(1)
Pressing Down	184	(1)
Making Electrical Contact	184	(1)
Strain Relief	185	(1)
Testing	185	(2)
Testing with Continuity Testers	185	(1)
Testing for Signal Quality	185	(2)
Ethernet Lans	187	(46)
And the Winner Is . . .	187	(1)
A Short History of Ethernet Standards	188	(2)
Prehistory: Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment	188	(1)
The 802 Committee	188	(1)
The 802.3 Ethernet Working Group	188	(1)
Other Working Groups	188	(1)
Ethernet Standards Are OSI Standards	188	(2)
Ethernet Physical Standards	190	(7)
Major Ethernet Physical Layer Standards	190	(4)
Link Aggregation (Trunking)	194	(1)
Ethernet Physical Layer Standards and Network Design	194	(3)
The Ethernet Frame	197	(4)
Layering	197	(1)
The Ethernel Frame's Organization	197	(4)
Basic Data Link Layer Switch Operation	201	(4)
Frame Forwarding with Multiple Ethernet Switches	201	(1)
Hierarchical Switch Topology	202	(2)
Only One Possible Path: Low Switching Cost	204	(1)
Advanced Ethernet Switch Operation	205	(10)
802.1D: The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)	205	(3)
Virtual LANs and Ethernet Switches	208	(2)
Handling Momentary Traffic Peaks	210	(3)
Hubs and CSMA/CD	213	(1)
Broadcasting	213	(1)
Media Access Control (MAC)	213	(1)
CSMA/CD	213	(1)
Full-Duplex Operation	213	(1)
Latency	214	(1)
Purchasing Switches	215	(7)
Number and Speeds of Ports	215	(1)
Switching Matrix Throughput	216	(1)
Store-and-Forward Versus Cut-Through Switching	217	(1)
Store-and-Forward Ethernet Switches	217	(1)
Cut Through Ethernet Switches	217	(1)
Manageability	218	(2)
Advanced Purchasing Considerations: Physical and Electrical Features	220	(1)
Physical Size	220	(1)
Port Flexibility	220	(1)
Uplink Ports	220	(2)
Electricity	222	(1)
Ethernet Security	222	(1)
Port Access Control (802.1X)	222	(1)
Media Access Control (MAC) Security (802.1AE)	222	(1)
Conclusion	223	(4)
Synopsis	223	(4)
Introduction	227	(1)
Token-Ring Technology	227	(2)
Ring Networks	227	(1)
Token Passing	228	(1)
Early Ethernet and 802.5 Token-Ring Networks	229	(2)
Early Ethernet: CSMA/CD-Bus Networks	229	(1)
802.5 Token-Ring Networks Appear	230	(1)
Ethernet Wins	230	(1)
Shielded Twisted Pair Wiring	231	(1)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)	231	(1)
Return of the Ring	232	(1)
Wireless Lans (WLANs)	233	(45)
Introduction	233	(4)
802.11 Wireless LANs	233	(3)
Bluetooth Personal Area Networks	236	(1)
Emerging Local Wireless Technologies	236	(1)
Radio Signal Propagation	237	(13)
Frequencies	237	(1)
Antennas	238	(1)
Wireless Propagation Problems	239	(2)
Bands and Bandwidth	241	(4)
Normal and Spread Spectrum Transmission	245	(2)
Spread Spectrum Transmission Methods	247	(3)
802.11 WLAN Operation	250	(6)
Typical Operation	250	(3)
Controlling 802.11 Transmission	253	(1)
Media Access Control	253	(1)
CSMA/CA + ACK Media Access Control	253	(1)
CSMA/CA	253	(1)
ACK	254	(2)
Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)	256	(1)
802.11 Transmission Standards	256	(6)
How Fast Are 802.11 Networks?	256	(1)
802.11a	257	(1)
802.11b	258	(1)
802.11g: Today's Dominant Technology	258	(1)
802.11a Redux?	259	(1)
802.11n and MIMO	260	(2)
802.11e Quality of Service (QoS)	262	(1)
802.11 WLAN Security	262	(7)
WLAN Security Threats	262	(1)
WEP Security	263	(2)
WPA (Wireless Protected Access)	265	(1)
802.11i(WPA2)	266	(1)
802.1X Mode Operation	266	(2)
Pre-Shared Key (PSK) Mode	268	(1)
802.11 Wireless LAN Management	269	(3)
Access Point Placement	269	(1)
Remote Management: Smart Access Points and Wireless Switches	270	(2)
Bluetooth PANs	272	(2)
Personal Area Networks (PANs) for Cable Replacement	272	(1)
Disadvantages Compared to 802.11	273	(1)
Advantages Compared to 802.11	273	(1)
Bluetooth Trends	273	(1)
Conclusion	274	(4)
Synopsis	274	(4)
Telecommunications	278	(33)
Introduction	278	(4)
Telecommunications and the PSTN	278	(1)
The Four Elements of the PSTN	279	(2)
Ownership of the PSTN	281	(1)
Circuit Switching	282	(3)
Circuits	282	(1)
Voice Versus Data Traffic	283	(1)
Dial-Up Circuits	283	(1)
Leased Line Circuits	284	(1)
The Access System	285	(7)
The Local Loop	285	(1)
The End Office Switch	286	(1)
Analog-Digital Conversion for Analog Local Loops	286	(3)
Codec Operations	289	(1)
Analog-to-Digital Conversion	289	(2)
Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)	291	(1)
Cellular Telephony	292	(4)
Cellular Service	292	(1)
Cells	292	(1)
Why Cells?	293	(1)
Handoffs Versus Roaming	294	(1)
Cellular Telephone Standards	295	(1)
Voice Over IP (VoIP)	296	(5)
Basic Operation	296	(1)
Corporate VoIP Alternatives	297	(1)
Corporate Concerns with VoIP	298	(1)
VoIP Technology	299	(1)
Speech Codecs	299	(1)
Transport	299	(2)
Signaling in VoIP	301	(1)
Residential Internet Access	301	(7)
Telephone Modems	301	(2)
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs)	303	(2)
Cable Modem Service	305	(1)
3C Cellular Data Service	306	(1)
WiMax (802.16) Service	306	(1)
Broadband over Power Lines	307	(1)
Fiber to the Home (FTTH)	308	(1)
Perspective on Speeds and Prices	308	(1)
Conclusion	308	(3)
Synopsis	308	(3)
Wide Area Networks (WANs)	311	(35)
Introduction	311	(3)
WANs and the Telephone Network	311	(1)
Reasons to Build a WAN	312	(1)
High Costs and Low Speeds	313	(1)
Carriers	313	(1)
Point-to-Point Leased Line Networks	314	(6)
Leased Line Networks for Voice and Data	314	(1)
Leased Line Network Topologies	314	(3)
Leased Line Speeds	317	(2)
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs)	319	(1)
Public Switched Data Networks (PSDNs)	320	(4)
Leased Lines in Leased Line Data Networks	320	(1)
Public Switched Data Network (PSDN) Access Lines	321	(1)
The PSDN Cloud	321	(1)
OAM&P: Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning	322	(1)
Service Level Agreements (SLAs)	323	(1)
Virtual Circuit Operation	323	(1)
Frame Relay	324	(4)
The Most Popular PSDN	324	(1)
Components	324	(3)
Frame Relay Virtual Circuits	327	(1)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)	328	(2)
Not a Competitor for Frame Relay	328	(1)
Designed for SONET/SDH	329	(1)
Cell Switching	329	(1)
ATM Quality-of-Service Guarantees	329	(1)
Manageability, Complexity, and Cost	329	(1)
Market Strengths	330	(1)
Metropolitan Area Ethernet	330	(3)
Metropolitan Area Networking	330	(1)
E-Line and E-LAN	330	(1)
Attractions of Metropolitan Area Ethernet	330	(2)
Carrier Class Service	332	(1)
Carrier IP Networks	332	(1)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	333	(5)
The Attractiveness of Internet Transmission	333	(2)
SSL/TLS	335	(3)
Market Perspective	338	(2)
Leased Line Networks	338	(1)
Frame Relay	339	(1)
Metropolitan Area Ethernet	340	(1)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	340	(1)
Conclusion	340	(2)
Synopsis	340	(2)
Introduction	342	(1)
Organizational Units	342	(2)
Major Facilities	342	(1)
Branches	342	(2)
External Organizations	344	(1)
The FBP Wide Area Network (WAN)	344	(1)
T3 Lines	344	(1)
Branch Connections	344	(1)
Da Kine Island Affiliate Branch	344	(1)
Credit Card Service	344	(1)
Branch LANs	344	(1)
Internet Access	344	(1)
Anticipated Changes	344	(2)
Outsourcing	344	(1)
Fractional T1 Lines to Branches	344	(2)
TCP/IP Internetworking	346	(51)
Introduction	346	(1)
TCP/IP Recap	347	(1)
The TCP/IP Architecture and the IETF	347	(1)
Simple IP at the Internet Layer	347	(1)
Reliable Heavyweight TCP at the Transport Layer	347	(1)
Unreliable Lightweight UDP at the Transport Layer	348	(1)
IP Routing	348	(6)
Hierarchical IP Addressing	349	(1)
Routers, Networks, and Subnets	350	(1)
Network and Subnet Masks	351	(2)
Multiprotocol Routing	353	(1)
How Routers Process Packets	354	(7)
Switching Versus Routing	354	(1)
A Simplified Routing Table	354	(3)
A Routing Decision	357	(1)
Perspective	358	(1)
Two Routing Table Details	359	(1)
Is the Destination IP Address in a Row's Address Range?	359	(2)
Other Internet Layer Standards	361	(15)
Dynamic Routing Protocols	361	(4)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)	365	(2)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)	367	(2)
Domain Name System (DNS)	369	(2)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for Supervisory Messages at the Internet Layer	371	(1)
DHCP	372	(1)
IPv4 Fields	372	(3)
IPv6 Fields	375	(1)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	376	(5)
Fields in TCP/IP Segments	376	(1)
Openings and Normal Closings	376	(3)
Port Numbers	379	(2)
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	381	(1)
Layer 3 and Layer 4 Switches	382	(2)
Layer 3 Switches	382	(1)
Layer 4 Switches	383	(1)
Application Switches (Layer 5 or Layer 7 Switches)	384	(1)
Conclusion	384	(5)
Synopsis	384	(5)
What are WinDUMP and TCPDUMP?	389	(1)
Working With WinDUMP	390	(1)
Installing WinDUMP	390	(1)
Running WinDUMP	390	(1)
Getting Data to Capture	391	(1)
Reading WinDUMP Output	391	(2)
Opening the TCP Connection	391	(1)
SYN	391	(1)
SYN/ACK	392	(1)
The HTTP Request Message	392	(1)
The HTTP Response Message	393	(1)
Ending the Connection	393	(1)
Some Popular WinDUMP Options	393	(1)
Major Options	393	(1)
Example	394	(1)
Expression	394	(1)
Hexadecimal Printout	394	(3)
ASCII versus Hex	394	(1)
Hex Output	395	(1)
TCP Fields	395	(2)
Security	397	(41)
Introduction	397	(1)
Security Threats	397	(12)
Viruses and Worms	399	(3)
Human Break-Ins (Hacking)	402	(3)
Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks	405	(1)
Bots	406	(1)
Attackers	407	(2)
Planning	409	(2)
Security Is a Management Issue	409	(1)
Planning Principles	409	(2)
Controlling Access	411	(8)
Access Control Plans	411	(1)
Authentication	412	(1)
Passwords	413	(2)
Digital Certificate Authentication	415	(2)
Biometrics	417	(2)
Firewalls, IDSs, and IPSs	419	(8)
Firewalls	419	(1)
Stateful Firewall Filtering	420	(4)
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)	424	(1)
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Filtering	425	(1)
Multimethod Firewalls	426	(1)
Protection with Cryptographic Systems	427	(4)
Cryptographic Systems	427	(1)
Encryption for Confidentiality	428	(2)
Electronic Signatures	430	(1)
Other Aspects of Protection	431	(2)
Hardening Servers	431	(2)
Vulnerability Testing	433	(1)
Response	433	(2)
Stages	433	(1)
Major Incidents and CSIRTs	434	(1)
Disasters and Disaster Response	435	(1)
Rehearsals	435	(1)
Conclusion	435	(3)
Synopsis	435	(3)
Hands-On: Windows XP Home Security	438	(31)
Introduction	439	(2)
Windows XP	439	(1)
Service Pack 2	440	(1)
Major Security Actions	440	(1)
The Windows Security Center	440	(1)
Backup	441	(4)
The Need for Backup	441	(1)
The Most Ignored Protection	441	(2)
Backup Technology	443	(1)
What to Backup	444	(1)
Keeping Installation Disks	444	(1)
Managing Backups	444	(1)
Backup Software	444	(1)
Perspective	445	(1)
Windows Security Center	445	(15)
The Center	447	(1)
Automatic Updates	447	(2)
Windows Firewall	449	(4)
Internet Options for Privacy and Security	453	(7)
Antivirus Scanning	460	(9)
Virus Definitions Updates	461	(1)
Configuration and Breadth of Protection	461	(1)
Problems with Updates	461	(8)
Network Management	469	(30)
Network Management	469	(1)
Cost Analysis	469	(4)
Demand Versus Budget	469	(1)
Labor Costs	469	(2)
Carrier Fees	471	(1)
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)	471	(2)
Network Simulation	473	(5)
Network Simulation Purposes	473	(1)
Before the Simulation: Collecting Data	473	(1)
The Process	474	(4)
IP Management	478	(5)
IP Subnet Planning	478	(2)
Administrative IP Servers	480	(2)
Device Configuration	482	(1)
Network Management Utilities	483	(11)
Security Concerns	483	(2)
Host Diagnostic Tools	485	(4)
Route Analysis Tools	489	(1)
Network Mapping Tools	489	(1)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)	490	(4)
Traffic Management Methods	494	(2)
Momentary Traffic Peaks	494	(1)
Traffic Shaping	495	(1)
Conclusion	496	(3)
Synopsis	496	(3)
Networked Applications	499	(32)
Introduction	499	(1)
Networked Applications	499	(1)
Traditional Application Architectures	500	(3)
Hosts with Dumb Terminals	500	(1)
Client/Server Systems	501	(2)
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)	503	(7)
Importance	503	(1)
E-Mail Standards	504	(1)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)	504	(2)
Receiving Mail (POP and IMAP)	506	(1)
Web-Enabled E-Mail	506	(2)
Viruses and Trojan Horses	508	(1)
Spam	509	(1)
The World Wide Web and E-Commerce	510	(7)
The World Wide Web	510	(3)
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)	513	(1)
Links to Other Systems	514	(1)
Application Servers	514	(2)
E-Commerce Security	516	(1)
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)	517	(4)
Introduction	517	(1)
Service Objects	518	(2)
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) Protocol	520	(1)
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Application Architectures	521	(8)
Traditional Client/Server Applications	521	(1)
PZP Applications	522	(1)
Pure Peer-to-Peer Applications: Gnutella	523	(1)
Using Servers to Facilitate P2P Interactions	524	(3)
Processor Utilization	527	(1)
Facilitating Servers and P2P-Applications	528	(1)
The Future of P2P	528	(1)
Conclusion	529	(2)
Synopsis	529	(2)
Module a More on TCP and IP	531	(25)
Introduction	531	(1)
General Issues	531	(8)
Multiplexing	531	(2)
More on TCP	533	(1)
Numbering Octets	533	(2)
Ordering TCP Segments upon Arrival	535	(1)
The TCP Acknowledgement Process	536	(1)
Flow Control: Window Size	536	(1)
TCP Fragmentation	537	(2)
Bidirectional Communication	539	(1)
More on Internet Layer Standards	539	(17)
Mask Operations	539	(3)
IP Fragmentation	542	(2)
Dynamic Routing Protocols	544	(5)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)	549	(2)
Classful Addresses in IP	551	(2)
Mobile IP	553	(3)
Module B More on Modulation	556	(4)
Modulation	556	(4)
Frequency Modulation	556	(1)
Amplitude Modulation	556	(1)
Phase Modulation	556	(2)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)	558	(2)
Module C More on Telecommunications	560	(26)
Introduction	560	(1)
The PSTN Transport Core and Signaling	560	(6)
The Transport Core	560	(1)
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Lines	560	(4)
Leased Lines and Trunk Lines	564	(1)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Transport	565	(1)
Signaling	566	(1)
Communication Satellites	566	(5)
Microwave Transmission	566	(1)
Satellite Transmission	567	(1)
Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellites	568	(1)
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites	569	(1)
VSAT Satellites	570	(1)
Wiring the First Bank of Paradise Headquarters Building	571	(4)
Facilities	571	(2)
Telephone Wiring	573	(1)
Data Wiring	574	(1)
Plenum Cabling	575	(1)
PBX Services	575	(1)
Carrier Services and Pricing	575	(4)
Basic Voice Services	577	(2)
Advanced Services	579	(1)
Telephone Carriers and Regulation	579	(7)
PTTs and Ministries of Telecommunications	581	(1)
AT&T, the FCC, and PUCs	581	(1)
Deregulation	582	(4)
Glossary	586	(35)
Index	621