C++ All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies

by Mueller, John Paul; Cogswell, Jeff

• ISBN13: 9780470317358
• ISBN10: 0470317353
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-08-31
• Publisher: For Dummies

Summary

Making Everything Easier!2nd EditionC++ all-in-one for Dummies7 books in 1Introducing C++Understanding Objects and ClassesFixing ProblemsAdvanced ProgrammingReading and Writing FilesAdvanced C++Building Applications with Microsoft MFCJohn Paul MuellerJeff CogswellC++ is the "in" language!Find out why, andhow to use it, right hereC++ is fast, powerful, and fully compiled - three great reasons why it's #1. There are more reasons, and in this guide you discover them as you dig in and really learn to use C++. Each handy minibook covers what you need to know about a key aspect of C++. If you're a C++ newbie, start with Book I; experienced folks can jump in anywhere to learn more!One size fits most - see how to use C++ for Windowsr, Macr, and Linuxr, using the CodeBlocks compilerExplore objects and classes - understand object-oriented programming and how to use various diagrams to design your programsBanish bugs - learn to use a debugger and how the CodeBlocks debugger ferrets out problems in your applicationsReading and writing - Minibook V covers it all, including stream programmingAdvance to the Library - understand how to create your own templates and build a full set of libraries for your own useBonus CD IncludesAll source code from the examples used in the bookCodeBlocks compilerPlease see the CD appendix for details and complete system requirements.

Author Biography

John Paul Mueller has written more than 300 articles and 80 books on technology, including LINQ For Dummies. Jeff Cogswell has been an application developer and trainer for 13 years, working with clients from startups to Fortune 500 companies. He has developed courses on C++ and other technologies.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
No Experience Necessary	p. 1
Great for Advanced Folks, Too!	p. 1
For All Computers	p. 2
Conventions	p. 2
Organization	p. 3
Icons Galore	p. 4
What's Next?	p. 5
Introducing C++	p. 7
Creating a First C++ Program	p. 9
Creating a Project	p. 9
Understanding projects	p. 10
Defining your first project	p. 10
Building and executing your first application	p. 15
Typing the Code	p. 16
Starting with Main	p. 17
Showing Information	p. 18
Doing some math	p. 22
Tabbing your output	p. 26
Let Your Program Run Away	p. 27
Storing Data in C++	p. 29
Putting Your Data Places: Variables	p. 30
Creating an integer variable	p. 30
Declaring multiple variables	p. 33
Changing values	p. 33
Setting one variable equal to another	p. 34
Initializing a variable	p. 35
Creating a great name for yourself	p. 36
Manipulating Integer Variables	p. 37
Adding integer variables	p. 38
Subtracting integer variables	p. 41
Multiplying integer variables	p. 43
Dividing integer variables	p. 43
Characters	p. 45
Null character	p. 46
Nonprintable and other cool characters	p. 46
Strings	p. 48
Getting a part of a string	p. 49
Changing part of a string	p. 51
Adding onto a string	p. 51
Adding two strings	p. 52
Deciding between Conditional Operators	p. 52
Telling the Truth with Boolean Variables	p. 55
Reading from the Console	p. 56
Directing Your C++ Program Flow	p. 59
Doing This or Doing That	p. 60
Evaluating Conditions in C++	p. 60
Finding the right C++ operators	p. 61
Combining multiple evaluations	p. 62
Including Evaluations in C++ Conditional Statements	p. 63
Deciding what if and also what else	p. 64
Going further with the else and if	p. 65
Repeating Actions with Statements That Loop	p. 67
Looping situations	p. 67
Looping for	p. 68
Looping while	p. 74
Doing while	p. 77
Breaking and continuing	p. 77
Nesting loops	p. 79
Dividing Your Work with Functions	p. 83
Dividing Your Work	p. 83
Calling a Function	p. 88
Passing a variable	p. 89
Passing multiple variables	p. 90
Writing Your Own Functions	p. 91
Multiple parameters or no parameters	p. 95
Returning nothing	p. 97
Keeping your variables local	p. 98
Forward references and function prototypes	p. 100
Writing two versions of the same function	p. 101
Calling All String Functions	p. 103
Understanding main	p. 105
Dividing Between Source-Code Files	p. 109
Creating Multiple Source Files	p. 109
Multiple source files in CodeBlocks	p. 110
Multiple source files in other compilers	p. 112
Creating multiple files	p. 113
Sharing with Header Files	p. 115
Adding the header only once	p. 118
Using brackets or quotes	p. 118
Sharing Variables Among Source Files	p. 119
Using the Mysterious Header Wrappers	p. 121
Referring to Your Data through Pointers	p. 123
Heaping and Stacking the Variables	p. 124
Getting a variable's address	p. 127
Changing a variable by using a pointer	p. 129
Pointing at a string	p. 131
Pointing to something else	p. 133
Tips on pointer variables	p. 134
Dynamically Allocating with new	p. 135
Using new	p. 135
Using an initializer	p. 137
Making new strings	p. 138
Freeing Pointers	p. 139
Passing Pointer Variables to Functions	p. 141
Changing variable values with pointers	p. 141
Modifying string parameters	p. 144
Returning Pointer Variables from Functions	p. 145
Returning a Pointer as a Nonpointer	p. 148
Passing by Reference	p. 149
Remembering the Rules	p. 150
Working with Classes	p. 151
Understanding Objects and Classes	p. 151
Classifying classes and objects	p. 153
Describing member functions and data	p. 154
Implementing a class	p. 156
Separating member function code	p. 160
The parts of a class	p. 163
Working with a Class	p. 164
Accessing members	p. 164
Using classes and pointers	p. 167
Passing objects to functions	p. 170
Using const parameters in functions	p. 172
Using the this pointer	p. 173
Overloading member functions	p. 175
Starting and Ending with Constructors and Destructors	p. 178
Starting with constructors	p. 178
Ending with destructors	p. 178
Sampling constructors and destructors	p. 179
Adding parameters to constructors	p. 181
Building Hierarchies of Classes	p. 182
Creating a hierarchy in C++	p. 183
Understanding types of inheritance	p. 184
Using Advanced C++ Features	p. 187
Filling Your Code with Comments	p. 187
Converting Types	p. 189
Reading from the Console	p. 195
Understanding Preprocessor Directives	p. 199
Using Constants	p. 207
Using Switch Statements	p. 209
Supercharging enums with Classes	p. 212
Working with Random Numbers	p. 215
Storing Data in Arrays	p. 216
Declaring and accessing an array	p. 217
Arrays of pointers	p. 218
Passing arrays to functions	p. 219
Adding and subtracting pointers	p. 221
Understanding Objects and Classes	p. 223
Planning and Building Objects	p. 225
Recognizing Objects	p. 225
Observing the mailboxes class	p. 227
Observing the mailbox class	p. 229
Finding other objects	p. 230
Encapsulating Objects	p. 230
Building Hierarchies	p. 236
Establishing a hierarchy	p. 236
Protecting members when inheriting	p. 238
Overriding member functions	p. 243
Specializing with polymorphism	p. 245
Getting abstract about things	p. 247
Discovering Classes	p. 248
Engineering your software	p. 249
Finding those pesky classes	p. 252
Describing Your Program with UML	p. 255
Moving Up to UML	p. 255
Modeling with UML	p. 259
Diagramming and designing with UML	p. 259
Building with UML and the Unified Process	p. 264
Speaking iteratively	p. 266
Phasing in and out	p. 267
The inception phase	p. 269
The elaboration phase	p. 270
The construction phase	p. 271
The transition phase	p. 272
Moving Forward with UML	p. 273
Structuring Your Classes with UML	p. 275
Drawing Classes	p. 276
Mapping classes with UML	p. 277
Inheriting in UML	p. 280
Aggregating and composing classes	p. 281
Building Components	p. 282
Deploying the Software	p. 285
Demonstrating Behavior with UML	p. 287
Drawing Objects	p. 287
Casing Out the Use Cases	p. 289
Expanding use cases	p. 291
Matching use cases and requirements	p. 292
Sequence Diagrams	p. 293
Notating sequence diagrams	p. 295
Looping and comparing in sequence diagrams	p. 296
Collaboration Diagrams	p. 299
Activity Diagrams	p. 300
State Diagrams	p. 302
Modeling Your Programs with UML	p. 305
Using UML Goodies	p. 305
Packaging your symbols	p. 305
Notating your diagrams	p. 308
Tagging your symbols	p. 308
Free to Be UML	p. 309
C++ and UML	p. 312
Drawing enumerations	p. 312
Including static members	p. 312
Parameterizing classes with templates	p. 314
Building with Design Patterns	p. 317
Introducing a Simple Pattern: the Singleton	p. 318
Watching an Instance with an Observer	p. 322
Observers and the Standard C++ Library	p. 326
Automatically adding an observer	p. 327
Mediating with a Pattern	p. 330
Fixing Problems	p. 347
Dealing with Bugs	p. 349
It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature!	p. 349
Make Your Programming Features Look Like Features	p. 351
Anticipating (Almost) Everything	p. 352
Avoiding Mistakes, Plain and Simple	p. 359
Debugging a Program	p. 361
Programming with Debuggers	p. 361
Running the debugger	p. 363
Recognizing the parts of the CodeBlocks debugger	p. 369
Debugging with Different Tools	p. 371
Standard debuggers	p. 371
Stopping and Inspecting Your Code	p. 373
Setting and Disabling Breakpoints	p. 374
Setting a breakpoint in CodeBlocks	p. 375
Enabling and disabling breakpoints	p. 376
Watching, Inspecting, and Changing Variables	p. 378
Watching the local variables	p. 380
Watching other variables	p. 382
Traveling About the Stack	p. 385
Stacking Your Data	p. 385
Moving about the stack	p. 386
Storing local variables	p. 388
Debugging with Advanced Features	p. 390
Viewing threads	p. 390
Tracing through assembly code	p. 391
Advanced Programming	p. 395
Working with Arrays, Pointers, and References	p. 397
Building Up Arrays	p. 397
Declaring arrays	p. 398
Arrays and pointers	p. 400
Using multidimensional arrays	p. 403
Arrays and command-line parameters	p. 406
Allocating an array on the heap	p. 407
Storing arrays of pointers and arrays of arrays	p. 409
Building constant arrays	p. 411
Pointing with Pointers	p. 413
Becoming horribly complex	p. 413
Pointers to functions	p. 418
Pointing a variable to a member function	p. 419
Pointing to static member functions	p. 422
Referring to References	p. 422
Reference variables	p. 423
Returning a reference from a function	p. 424
Creating Data Structures	p. 427
Working with Data	p. 427
The great variable roundup	p. 427
Expressing variables from either side	p. 429
Casting a spell on your data	p. 431
Casting safely with C++	p. 433
Dynamically casting with dynamic_cast	p. 433
Statically casting with static_cast	p. 437
Structuring Your Data	p. 438
Structures as component data types	p. 439
Equating structures	p. 440
Returning compound data types	p. 441
Naming Your Space	p. 442
Using variables and part of a namespace	p. 445
Constructors, Destructors, and Exceptions	p. 449
Constructing and Destructing Objects	p. 449
Overloading constructors	p. 450
Initializing members	p. 451
Adding a default constructor	p. 455
Functional constructors	p. 458
Calling one constructor from another	p. 460
Copying instances with copy constructors	p. 461
When constructors go bad: failable constructors?	p. 464
Destroying your instances	p. 465
Virtually inheriting destructors	p. 466
Programming the Exceptions to the Rule	p. 469
Throwing direct instances	p. 472
Catching any exception	p. 473
Rethrowing an exception	p. 474
Advanced Class Usage	p. 477
Inherently Inheriting Correctly	p. 477
Morphing your inheritance	p. 477
Adjusting access	p. 480
Returning something different, virtually speaking	p. 482
Multiple inheritance	p. 486
Virtual inheritance	p. 489
Friend classes and functions	p. 492
Using Classes and Types within Classes	p. 493
Nesting a class	p. 494
Types within classes	p. 499
Creating Classes with Templates	p. 503
Templatizing a Class	p. 503
Separating a template from the function code	p. 510
Including static members in a template	p. 512
Parameterizing a Template	p. 514
Putting different types in the parameter	p. 514
Including multiple parameters	p. 518
Typedefing a Template	p. 521
Deriving Templates	p. 522
Deriving classes from a class template	p. 522
Deriving a class template from a class	p. 524
Deriving a class template from a class template	p. 525
Templatizing a Function	p. 528
Overloading and function templates	p. 530
Templatizing a member function	p. 533
Programming with the Standard Library	p. 535
Architecting the Standard Library	p. 536
Containing Your Classes	p. 536
Storing in a vector	p. 536
Mapping your data	p. 538
Containing instances, pointers, or references	p. 539
Comparing instances	p. 543
Iterating through a container	p. 547
A map of pairs in your hand	p. 551
The Great Container Showdown	p. 551
Associating and storing with a set	p. 552
Unionizing and intersecting sets	p. 554
Listing with list	p. 557
Stacking the deque	p. 561
Waiting in line with stacks and queues	p. 562
Copying Containers	p. 564
Reading and Writing Files	p. 567
Filing Information with the Streams Library	p. 569
Seeing a Need for Streams	p. 570
Programming with the Streams Library	p. 571
Getting the right header file	p. 572
Opening a file	p. 573
Handling Errors When Opening a File	p. 576
Flagging the ios Flags	p. 578
Writing with Output Streams	p. 583
Inserting with the << Operator	p. 583
Formatting Your Output	p. 585
Formatting with flags	p. 586
Specifying a precision	p. 590
Setting the width and creating fields	p. 592
Reading with Input Streams	p. 597
Extracting with Operators	p. 597
Encountering the End of File	p. 599
Reading Various Types	p. 604
Reading Formatted Input	p. 607
Building Directories and Contents	p. 609
Manipulating Directories	p. 610
Creating a directory	p. 610
Deleting a directory	p. 611
Getting the Contents of a Directory	p. 611
Copying Files	p. 614
Moving and Renaming Files and Directories	p. 616
Streaming Your Own Classes	p. 619
Streaming a Class for Text Formatting	p. 620
Manipulating a Stream	p. 623
What's a manipulator?	p. 623
Writing your own manipulator	p. 626
Advanced C++	p. 631
Exploring the Standard Library Further	p. 633
Considering the Standard Library Categories	p. 634
Containers	p. 635
Iterators	p. 635
Algorithms	p. 636
Functors	p. 637
Utilities	p. 639
Adaptors	p. 639
Allocators	p. 639
Parsing Strings Using a Hash	p. 640
Obtaining Information Using a Random Access Iterator	p. 643
Locating Values Using the Find Algorithm	p. 645
Using the Random Number Generator	p. 647
Performing Comparisons Using min and max	p. 648
Working with Temporary Buffers	p. 649
Building Original Templates	p. 651
Deciding When to Create a Template	p. 652
Defining the Elements of a Good Template	p. 653
Creating a Basic Math Template	p. 655
Building a Structure Template	p. 656
Developing a Class Template	p. 659
Considering Template Specialization	p. 662
Creating a Template Library	p. 664
Defining the library project	p. 664
Configuring the library project	p. 666
Coding the library	p. 667
Using Your Template Library	p. 669
Investigating Boost	p. 671
Understanding Boost	p. 672
Boost features	p. 672
Licensing	p. 673
Paid support	p. 673
Obtaining and Installing Boost for CodeBlocks	p. 673
Unpacking Boost	p. 674
Building the libraries	p. 675
Building the Boost tools	p. 678
Using Boost Jam	p. 680
Using Boost Build	p. 682
Using Regression	p. 685
Using Inspect	p. 685
Understanding BoostBook	p. 687
Using QuickBook	p. 689
Using bcp	p. 690
Using Wave	p. 692
Building Your First Boost Application Using Date Time	p. 693
Boosting up a Step	p. 697
Parsing Strings Using RegEx	p. 698
Adding the RegEx library	p. 699
Creating the RegEx code	p. 700
Breaking Strings into Tokens Using Tokenizer	p. 702
Performing Numeric Conversion	p. 703
Creating Improved Loops Using Foreach	p. 706
Accessing the Operating System Using Filesystem	p. 708
Building Applications with Microsoft MFC	p. 713
Working with the Visual C++ 2008 IDE and Projects	p. 715
Understanding the Project Types	p. 716
Creating a New Win32 Console Application	p. 717
Defining the project	p. 717
Adding code	p. 719
Running the application	p. 720
Writing Code Faster	p. 721
Obtaining coding help	p. 721
Working with IntelliSense	p. 722
Viewing Your Project in Solution Explorer	p. 723
Using the Standard Toolbars	p. 724
Changing Application Properties	p. 725
Modifying the IDE Appearance	p. 726
Changing toolbars and menus	p. 726
Modifying windows	p. 728
Creating an MFC Dialog Box Project	p. 731
Understanding the MFC Dialog Box Project	p. 731
Creating the MFC Dialog Box Project	p. 732
Adding Components and Controls	p. 738
Adding the component or control	p. 738
Creating variables to use in your code	p. 741
Defining methods to react to control events	p. 742
Defining the Dialog Box Code	p. 743
Understanding the Essential Windows	p. 745
Working with Class View	p. 745
Modifying the Toolbox	p. 746
Creating an MFC SDI Project	p. 747
Understanding the MFC SDI Project	p. 747
Creating the MFC SDI Project	p. 749
Understanding the Document/View Architecture	p. 756
Adding Code to Your SDI Project	p. 757
An overview of the essential application files	p. 757
Locating Microsoft specified suggested changes	p. 759
Making resource changes	p. 760
Considering the help file	p. 763
Registering and unregistering the application	p. 765
Seeing the Text Editor Project in Action	p. 766
Using the Visual C++ 2008 Debugger	p. 769
A Quick Look at the Error Application	p. 770
Starting Your Application in Debugging Mode	p. 771
Creating the proper build	p. 772
Setting breakpoints	p. 772
Viewing your breakpoints	p. 774
Starting the debugger	p. 775
Working with the Debugging Windows	p. 775
Viewing the focus variables using the Autos window	p. 775
Viewing all of the variables in a method using the Locals window	p. 777
Screening specific variables using the Watch 1 window	p. 777
Working with the Call Stack window	p. 778
Analyzing Your Visual C++ 2008 Code	p. 779
Using Performance Wizard	p. 779
Profiling the Code	p. 781
Automating Your Programs with Makefiles	p. 785
Compiling and Linking	p. 785
Automating Your Work	p. 787
Implying with Inference Rules	p. 788
Using rules that depend on other rules	p. 790
Making specific items	p. 791
Depending on multiple files	p. 791
Compiling and linking with make	p. 793
Cleaning up and making it all	p. 793
Using macros	p. 794
Getting the most out of Makefiles	p. 795
About the CD	p. 797
System Requirements	p. 797
Using the CD	p. 798
What You'll Find on the CD	p. 798
CodeBlocks Compiler	p. 799
Author-created material	p. 799
Troubleshooting	p. 799
Customer Care	p. 800
Index	p. 801
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