Cable Supported Bridges Concept and Design

by Gimsing, Niels J.; Georgakis, Christos T.

• ISBN13: 9780470666289
• ISBN10: 0470666285
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-01-30
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

14 years on from its last edition, Cable Supported Bridges: Concept and Design, 3rd Edition has been significantly updated with corrections and brand new imagery throughout. Since the appearance of the second edition the dynamic response of cable supported bridges has increased in focus, and this development is recognised with a new chapter on dynamic actions. Cable Supported Bridges concentrates on the synthesis of cable supported bridges covering both design and construction aspects. Featuring unique coverage of both suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges, it presents simple mathematical expressions to give a first estimate on dimensions of the load carrying elements to be used in an initial computer input. The analytical part covers simple methods to quantify the different structural forms and allows a preliminary optimization of the main structure. It provides an invaluable, tried-and-tested resource for academics and engineers alike.

Author Biography

Niels Jørgen Gimsing & Christos Georgakis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
Professor Gimsing is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark and a Consulting Bridge Engineer. He consulted on the design for numerous landmark bridges including the Femern Bridge, third bridge across the Firth of Forth in Scotland, the Messina Strait Bridge and the 47km long motorway bridge across the Gulf of Thailand, and was a Finalist in the Millennium Bridge Competition for a pedestrian bridge across the Thames at St. Paul's Cathedral. He has won numerous design, teaching and research awards for his work within the structural engineering community and is the author of Cable Supported Bridges 2e (Wiley, 1997) and co-author of The Messina Strait Bridge (CRC, 2009).

Dr. Christos Georgakis is Associate Professor in Structural Engineering and Prof Gimsing’s teaching successor at DTU. He has particular experience in relation to dynamic actions from his work at the Wind Tunnel Laboratory in Copenhagen and is also involved in several research projects dealing with the dynamics of slender bridges such as the Millennium Bridge in London.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Evolution of Cable Supported Bridges	p. 7
Cables	p. 85
Basic Types of Cables	p. 85
Helical bridge strands (spiral strands)	p. 85
Locked-coil strands	p. 87
Parallel-wire strands for suspension bridge main cables	p. 88
New PWS stay cables	p. 90
Parallel-strand stay cables	p. 91
Bar stay cables	p. 93
Multi-strand stay cables	p. 94
Parallel-wire suspension bridge main cables	p. 97
Comparison between different cable types	p. 101
Corrosion Protection	p. 102
Suspension bridge main cables	p. 102
Stay cables	p. 105
Mechanical Properties	p. 109
Static strength	p. 109
Relaxation	p. 111
Fatigue strength	p. 111
Hysteresis of helical strands	p. 113
The Single Cable as a Structural Element	p. 115
Transversally loaded cable	p. 115
Axially loaded cable	p. 126
Static Analysis of Cables	p. 131
Equation of state for a cable subjected to vertical load	p. 132
Stay cable under varying chord force	p. 135
Limit length and efficiency ratio of a stay cable	p. 143
Bending of Cables	p. 148
Dynamic Behaviour of the Single Cable	p. 157
Cable System	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Pure cable systems	p. 165
Cable steel quantity comparison	p. 170
Stability of the cable system	p. 173
Suspension System	p. 179
Dead load geometry	p. 179
Preliminary cable dimensions	p. 180
Quantity of cable steel	p. 182
Quantity in the pylon	p. 184
Total cost of cable system and pylon	p. 185
Optimum pylon height	p. 185
Size effect	p. 187
Structural systems	p. 188
Fan System	p. 202
Anchor cable	p. 202
Preliminary cable dimensions	p. 205
Quantity of cable steel	p. 206
Quantity in the pylon	p. 208
Simplified expressions	p. 208
Total cost of cable systems and pylons	p. 209
Comparison between suspension and fan system	p. 209
Inclined pylons	p. 210
Deformational characteristics	p. 213
Structural systems	p. 217
Reduction of sag variations	p. 221
Harp System	p. 222
Dead load geometry	p. 225
Intermediate supports	p. 226
Preliminary cable dimensions	p. 227
Quantity of cable steel	p. 229
Quantity of the pylon	p. 229
Simplified expressions	p. 231
Total cost	p. 231
Structural systems	p. 231
Hybrid Suspension and Cable Stayed System	p. 235
Multi-Span Cable System	p. 239
True multi-span cable supported bridges	p. 241
Non-traditional multi-span suspension bridges	p. 246
Fixing of column-type pylons to piers	p. 249
Triangular pylon structures	p. 250
Horizontal tie cable between pylon tops	p. 258
Comparison between deflections of different multi-span cable stayed systems	p. 261
Cable Systems under Lateral Loading	p. 265
Spatial Cable Systems	p. 272
Oscillation of Cable Systems	p. 278
Global oscillations	p. 278
Deck (Stiffening Girder)	p. 287
Action of the Deck	p. 287
Axial stiffness	p. 287
Flexural stiffness in the vertical direction	p. 287
Flexural stiffness in the transverse direction	p. 289
Torsional stiffness	p. 291
Supporting Conditions	p. 291
Distribution of Dead Load Moments	p. 299
The dead load condition	p. 302
Cross Section	p. 310
Bridge floor	p. 310
Cross section of the deck	p. 310
Cross section of stiffening trusses	p. 328
Partial Earth Anchoring	p. 339
Limit of span length for self-anchored cable stayed bridges	p. 343
Axial compression in the deck of the self anchored cable stayed bridge	p. 344
Lateral bending of the deck	p. 346
Partial earth anchoring of a cable stayed bridge	p. 346
Improving the lateral stability	p. 348
Construction procedure for partially earth anchored cable stayed bridges	p. 349
Pylons	p. 353
Introduction	p. 353
Structural Behaviour of the Pylon	p. 353
Pylons Subjected Primarily to Vertical Forces from the Cable System	p. 367
Pylons Subjected to Longitudinal Forces from the Cable System	p. 399
Cross Section	p. 405
Cable Anchorage and Connection	p. 413
Anchoring of the Single Strand	p. 413
Connection between Cable and Deck	p. 427
Connection between Main Cable and Hanger	p. 433
Connection between Cable and Pylon	p. 442
Connection between Cable and Anchor Block	p. 452
Erection	p. 463
Introduction	p. 463
Construction of Pylons	p. 463
Erection of Suspension Bridge Main Cables	p. 472
Erection of Stay Cables	p. 486
Deck Erection - Earth Anchored Suspension Bridges	p. 489
Deck Erection - Self Anchored Cable Stayed Bridges	p. 501
Aerodynamics	p. 517
Historical Overview	p. 5)7
Nineteenth-century bridge failures	p. 517
Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse	p. 517
The Carmody Board	p. 520
The Fyksesund Bridge	p. 520
The Bridge Deck and Pylon	p. 520
Torsional divergence	p. 520
Coupled flutter	p. 524
Buffeting	p. 526
Vortex-shedding	p. 531
Wind tunnel testing	p. 532
During construction	p. 537
Effects of vehicles	p. 538
Pylon aerodynamics	p. 538
Vibration control	p. 541
Future trends	p. 543
Cables	p. 544
Introduction	p. 544
Incidences of wind-induced cable vibrations	p. 544
Rain-wind-induced vibrations	p. 545
Dry galloping	p. 546
Scruton number	p. 549
Wake galloping	p. 550
Aerodynamic countermeasures	p. 551
Mechanical damping	p. 583
Cable aerodynamic damping	p. 557
Cross ties	p. 557
Particular Issues	p. 559
Pedestrian-Induced Vibrations	p. 559
Lateral vibrations	p. 559
Vertical vibrations	p. 562
Serviceability limit states	p. 565
Vibration control	p. 567
Seismic Design	p. 568
Earthquake intensity	p. 569
Pylon design	p. 569
Deck design	p. 571
Foundations	p. 571
Seismic analysis	p. 573
Structural Health Monitoring	p. 573
Equipment	p. 573
Snow and Ice Removal and Prevention Systems	p. 575
Mechanical removal	p. 575
Thermal systems	p. 577
Passive protection	p. 577
References	p. 579
Index	p. 587
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