Cadmium in Soils and Plants

by McLaughlin, Margaret J.; Singh, B. R.

• ISBN13: 9780792358435
• ISBN10: 0792358430
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-06-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

This book is the first comprehensive review of the behaviour and environmental effects of cadmium in soils and plants. Leading international scientists have contributed detailed reviews covering a range of issues including aqueous cadmium chemistry, speciation of cadmium in soils, reactions of cadmium with soil surfaces, sources of cadmium contamination, uptake and translocation of cadmium in plants, and effects of cadmium on soil biological processes and on human health. Cadmium in Soils and Plants will be an invaluable reference for anyone involved in environmental research of cadmium behaviour in the terrestrial environment, and will assist regulators, policy makers and environmental groups to better manage cadmium pollution of soils and avoid contamination of foods. This book will be essential reading for researchers interested in cadmium pollution of soil, particularly those concerned with the food chain transfer of cadmium to humans.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi	(2)
Forewood	xiii	(2)
Preface	xv
1. Cadmium in Soils and Plants	1	(10)
M. J. McLAUGHLIN
B. R. SINGH
1. Introduction	1	(1)
2. Accumulation of cadmium in soils and plants	2	(3)
3. World fertiliser supply -- cadmium issues	5	(2)
4. Re-use of waste materials -- cadmium issues	7	(4)
2. The Environmental Chemistry of Cadmium	11	(28)
S. J. TRAINA
1. Basic chemical properties	11	(1)
2. Aqueous complexation	12	(5)
3. Abundance and form in natural environments	17	(7)
4. Cadmium concentrations in soils	24	(4)
5. Analytical approaches for cadmium speciation in the environment	28	(5)
6. Conclusions	33	(6)
3. Chemistry of Cadmium in Soil Solution	39	(26)
P. A. HELMKE
1. Introduction	39	(1)
2. Properties of cadmium	40	(1)
3. Cadmium in soil solution	40	(5)
4. Measured and calculated speciation of cadmium in soil solutions	45	(10)
5. Phenomena controlling the concentration of cadmium and zinc in soil solutions	55	(6)
6. Conclusions	61	(4)
4. Solid Phase Cadmium and the Reactions of Aqueous Cadmium with Soil Surfaces	65	(32)
T. H. CHRISTENSEN
P. M. HAUNG
1. Introduction	65	(1)
2. Solid phases	66	(11)
3. Adsorption-desorption processes	77	(13)
4. Conclusions	90	(7)
5. Anthropogenic Additions of Cadmium to Soils	97	(28)
B. J. ALLOWAY
E. STEINNES
1. Introduction	97	(1)
2. Cadmium concentrations in soils	98	(1)
3. Anthropogenic sources of cadmium	98	(20)
4. Conclusions	118	(7)
6. Mechanisms of Cadmium Uptake, Translocation and Deposition in Plants	125	(26)
R. M. WELCH
W. A. NORVELL
1. Introduction	125	(1)
2. Availability of cadmium in soil	126	(2)
3. Uptake of cadmium by roots	128	(11)
4. Transport and deposition	139	(5)
5. Bioavailability of cadmium in plant foods	144	(1)
6. Conclusions	144	(7)
7. Management Factors which Influence Cadmium Concentrations in Crops	151	(48)
C. A. GRANT
L. D. BAILEY
M. J. McLAUGHLIN
B. R. SINGH
1. Introduction	151	(1)
2. Site selection	152	(2)
3. Crop selection and cultivar development	154	(4)
4. Fertiliser management	158	(15)
5. Soil pH and liming	173	(3)
6. Other soil amendments	176	(3)
7. Irrigation water quality	179	(5)
8. Phytoremediation	184	(1)
9. Other management factors	185	(2)
10. Conclusions	187	(12)
8. Adverse Effects of Cadmium on Soil Microflora and Fauna	199	(20)
S. P. McGRATH
1. Introduction	199	(3)
2. Data sources	202	(3)
3. Effects on microbes and microbial processes	205	(5)
4. Evidence from field experiments	210	(1)
5. Effects on earthworms	211	(1)
6. Other invertebrates	212	(1)
7. Comparison with Dutch soil quality values	213	(1)
8. Conclusions	214	(5)
9. Soil Cadmium as a Threat to Human Health	219	(38)
R. L. CHANEY
J. A. RYAN
Y-M. LI
S. L. BROWN
1. Introduction	219	(10)
2. Diagnosis of human cadmium toxicity	229	(6)
3. Interpretation of epidemiological survey data	235	(1)
4. Reducing cadmium levels in crops	236	(4)
5. Have crop cadmium levels increased over time?	240	(1)
6. Common errors in evaluation of plant absorption of soil cadmium	241	(1)
7. Livestock food-chains usually exclude cadmium effectively	242	(1)
8. High risk crops	243	(1)
9. Reducing food chain cadmium risk	244	(1)
10. Research on food-chain cadmium risk is still needed	245	(1)
11. Does ingested cadmium increase cancer risk?	245	(1)
12. Conclusions	246	(11)
10. Cadmium in Soils and Plants	257	(12)
B. R. SINGH
M. J. McLAUGHLIN
1. Introduction	257	(1)
2. Cadmium in soils	258	(2)
3. Cadmium in plants	260	(2)
4. Adverse effects of cadmium on biota and human health	262	(1)
5. Knowledge gaps and research priorities	263	(6)
Index	269