The Cambridge History of Japan

by Edited by Donald H. Shively, William H. McCullough

• ISBN13: 9780521223539
• ISBN10: 0521223539
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-28
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This volume provides the most comprehensive treatment of the Heian period, the golden age of the Japanese imperial court, in any Western language. From Heian-kyo, founded in 794, the Japanese emperor ruled over an elaborate government modelled on China's absolute monarchy. Ambassadors to the T'ang court and students studying in China brought back laws, ideas, Buddhism, temple architecture, sculpture, and wall-painting. Chinese influences blended with native Japanese elements in courtly painting, calligraphy, poetry and prose. The world's first novel, The Tale of Genji, was completed about 1020. In 1185 the elegant and peaceful world of the court was shattered by the struggle of the Taira and Minamoto warrior clans, who usurped real political power and left the emperor with a symbolic, legitimizing role. Contributors to this volume emphasize political history, the land system, provincial administration, the capital and its society, aristocratic culture, and the acceptance of Buddhism and popular religious practices.

Table of Contents

General editors' preface	v	(8)
List of maps, figures, and tables	xiii	(2)
Preface to Volume 2	xv	(3)
Chronology	xviii
Introduction	1	(19)
DONALD H. SHIVELY
WILLIAM H. McCULLOUGH, Department of East Asian Languages, University of California, Berkeley
1 The Heian court, 794-1070	20	(77)
WILLIAM H. McCULLOUGH, Department of East Asian Languages, University of California, Berkeley
Kammu to Nimmyo, 781-850	20	(17)
Evolution of the statutory government	37	(8)
The establishment of Fujiwara ascendancy, 850-969	45	(19)
The Fujiwara regency, 970-1070	64	(10)
Regency government	74	(6)
Foreign relations, 794-1070	80	(17)
2 The capital and its society	97	(86)
WILLIAM H. McCULLOUGH, Department of East Asian Languages, University of California, Berkeley
Site of the new capital	97	(5)
Plan of the city	102	(6)
Greater Imperial Palace	108	(5)
Emperor's Residential Compound	113	(3)
Other public buildings and spaces	116	(3)
Residential districts and population	119	(4)
Imperial clan and court nobility	123	(11)
The noble family, marriage, and the position of women	134	(8)
Life in the mansion of a great noble	142	(17)
Officialdom and its functions	159	(2)
The city's economy	161	(9)
City administration	170	(2)
Changes in the city plan	172	(1)
New imperial and Fujiwara buildings	173	(7)
Ceremony and ritual	180	(3)
3 Land and society	183	(53)
DANA MORRIS, Department of History, University of California, Berkeley
Agrarian technology	184	(10)
Peasant Community	194	(5)
Tax structure	199	(16)
Landholding	215	(9)
Shoen	224	(12)
4 Provincial administration and land tenure in early Heian	236	(105)
CORNELIUS J. KILEY, Department of History, Villanova University
Regional administration	254	(11)
The establishment of custodial governorship	265	(7)
Land and taxes	272	(11)
The surrender of central control to provincial authorities	283	(15)
Discretionary taxation and elite wealth	298	(28)
Local elites as a political force	326	(15)
5 Chinese learning and intellectual life	341	(49)
MARIAN URY, Comparative Literature Program, University of California, Davis
Introduction and assimilation of Chinese learning	341	(14)
Ideal of the sage-king	355	(4)
Six National Histories	359	(5)
Compilation of statutes	364	(3)
State Academy	367	(8)
Scholars and their accomplishments	375	(15)
6 Aristocratic culture	390	(59)
HELEN CRAIG McCULLOUGH, Department of East Asian Languages, University of California, Berkeley
Domestic architecture and furnishings	390	(4)
Textiles and costumes	394	(4)
Diet	398	(2)
Aristocratic occupations and pastimes	400	(9)
Secular painting	409	(6)
Calligraphy and paper	415	(3)
Buddhist art	418	(6)
Music	424	(7)
Literature: Poetry	431	(10)
Literature: Narrative prose	441	(8)
7 Aristocratic Buddhism	449	(68)
STANLEY WEINSTEIN, Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, Yale University
The prelude to Heian Buddhism	449	(5)
The assertion of government control over the Buddhist church	454	(8)
Saicho	462	(11)
Kukai	473	(5)
The Tendai school after Saicho	478	(19)
The Shingon school after Kukai	497	(10)
The growth of Pure Land Buddhism	507	(10)
8 Religious practices	517	(59)
ALLAN G. GRAPARD, Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
The association of Shinto shrines with Buddhist temples	520	(12)
Ritualized and ritualizing activities	532	(15)
Dealing with the forces of nature	547	(17)
The association of kami with buddhas	564	(8)
Late Heian developments	572	(4)
9 Insei	576	(68)
G. CAMERON HURST, III, Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania
Abdication, regency, and the Japanese throne, 645-1068	576	(7)
Go-Sanjo and the prelude to insei, 1068-1073	583	(12)
Shirakawa and the normalization of insei, 1073-1129	595	(13)
The hegemony of Toba, 1129-1156	608	(10)
Go-Shirakawa and the Taira, 1156-1185	618	(14)
Foreign relations, 1070-1185	632	(5)
The insei in retrospect	637	(7)
10 The rise of the warriors	644	(67)
TAKEUCHI RIZO, Faculty of Literature, Waseda University
Origins of the warriors	644	(9)
Revolts of Masakado and Sumitomo	653	(11)
Revolt of Tadatsune	664	(6)
Earlier Nine Years' War	670	(5)
Later Three Years' War	675	(4)
Conditions in the capital	679	(9)
Hogen Disturbance	688	(3)
Heiji Disturbance	691	(4)
Taira rise to power	695	(5)
Gempei War	700	(11)
Works cited	711	(30)
Glossary-index	741