The Canon and Its Critics: A Multi-Perspective Introduction to Philosophy

by Furman, Todd M.; Avila, Mitchell

• ISBN13: 9780767405034
• ISBN10: 076740503X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: McGraw Hill College Div

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
INTRODUCTION	1	(12)
Plato
1. "The Apology" and "Crito"	3	(7)
Bertrand Russell
2. "Appearance and Reality"	10	(3)
Part One THE SELF	13	(202)
Chapter 1 AM I FREE OR DETERMINED?	13	(46)
Baron Paul Henri d'Holbach
3. "Of the System of Man's Free Agency"	15	(8)
Charles Arthur Campbell
4. "Free Will"	23	(7)
A. J. Ayer
5. "Freedom and Necessity"	30	(6)
Owen J. Flanagan
6. "Neuroscience, Agency, and the Meaning of Life"	36	(8)
Harry Gordon Frankfurt
7. "Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person"	44	(7)
Susan Wolf
8. "Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility"	51	(8)
Chapter 2 FREEDOM, HUMAN NATURE, AND SOCIETY	59	(28)
Jean-Paul Sartre
9. "Freedom: The First Condition of Action"	60	(5)
Karl Marx
10. "Estranged Labor"	65	(5)
James Q. Wilson
Richard J. Herrnstein
11. "Human Nature and the Political Order"	70	(9)
Jeffrey Reiman
12. "Who Is Winning the Losing War against Crime?"	79	(8)
Chapter 3 IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POSSIBLE?	87	(28)
Alan Mathison Turing
13. "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"	89	(8)
William G. Lycan
14. "Machine Consciousness"	97	(5)
Morton M. Hunt
15. "What the Human Mind Can Do that the Computer Can't"	102	(6)
John Searle
16. "Minds, Brains, and Programs"	108	(7)
Chapter 4 AM I A MIND, A BODY, OR BOTH?	115	(30)
J. P. Moreland
17. "Dualism Defended"	117	(6)
Gilbert Ryle
18. "The Dogma of the Ghost in the Machine"	123	(7)
B.F. Skinner
19. "Behaviorism"	130	(6)
David M. Armstrong
20. "The Nature of Mind"	136	(9)
Chapter 5 IN WHAT DOES PERSONAL IDENTITY CONSIST?	145	(24)
John Locke
21. "Identity and Diversity"	146	(8)
Bernard Williams
22. "The Self and the Future"	154	(3)
Anthony M. Quinton
23. "The Soul"	157	(6)
Derek Anthony Parfit
Godfrey Vesey
24. "Brain Transplants and Personal Identity: A Dialogue"	163	(6)
Chapter 6 HOW MIGHT MY IDENTITY BE SHAPED?	169	(24)
Nancy Chodorow
25. "Gender Personality and the Reproduction of Mothering"	170	(4)
Susan Bordo
26. "Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathology as the Crystallization of Culture"	174	(9)
Frantz Fanon
27. "The Fact of Blackness"	183	(5)
Clyde Warrior
28. "We Are Not Free"	188	(5)
Chapter 7 DOES LANGUAGE SHAPE MY WORLD?	193	(22)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
29. "Science and Linguistics"	194	(8)
Isamu Nagami
30. "Cultural Gaps: Why Do We Misunderstand?"	202	(6)
Robert Baker
31. "Pricks' and 'Chicks': A Plea for Persons'"	208	(7)
Part TWO THE WORLD	215	(170)
Chapter 8 WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE UNIVERSE?	215	(34)
Rene Descartes
32. "Substance"	216	(6)
John Locke
33. "Of Our Complex Ideas of Substances"	222	(4)
George Berkeley
34. "Of the Principles of Human Knowledge"	226	(7)
Stephen W. Hawking
35. "Our Picture of the Universe"	233	(7)
James Gleick
36. "The Butterfly Effect"	240	(9)
Chapter 9 IS METAPHYSICS POSSIBLE?	249	(24)
David Hume
37. "Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding"	250	(7)
Sally Haslanger
38. "Objective Reality, Male Reality, and Social Construction"	257	(8)
A. J. Ayer
39. "The Elimination of Metaphysics"	265	(8)
Chapter 10 HOW CAN I HAVE KNOWLEDGE?	273	(30)
Plato
40. "The Allegory of the Cave"	274	(5)
Rend Descartes
41. Meditations on First Philosophy	279	(8)
David Hume
42. "Of the Origin of Ideas"	287	(4)
Immanuel Kant
43. The Critique of Pure Reason	291	(7)
William James
44. "What Pragmatism Means"	298	(5)
Chapter 11 IS KNOWLEDGE COMPLETELY OBJECTIVE?	303	(24)
Alison Jaggar
45. "Love and Emotion in Feminist Epistemology"	304	(10)
Lorraine Code
46. "Taking Subjectivity into Account"	314	(6)
Cornel West
47. "Philosophy, Politics, and Power: An Afro-American Perspective"	320	(7)
Chapter 12 THE LIMITS OF OBJECTIVITY	327	(28)
Thomas Nagel
48. "Subjective and Objective"	328	(5)
Catharine A. MacKinnon
49. "Consciousness Raising"	333	(7)
Richard Rorty
50. "Solidarity or Objectivity?"	340	(6)
Paul Feyerabend
51. Against Method	346	(9)
Chapter 13 WHAT STANDPOINT SHOULD I OCCUPY?	355	(30)
Sandra Harding
52. "`Strong Objectivity': A Response to the New Objectivity Question"	356	(6)
bell hooks
53. "Choosing the Margin as a Space of Radical Openness"	362	(6)
Nancy Fraser
Linda J. Nicholson
54. "Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter between Feminism and Postmodernism"	368	(9)
Alasdair MacIntyre
55. "Relativism, Power, and Philosophy"	377	(8)
Part Three THE SELF IN THE WORLD	385	(270)
Chapter 14 WHAT AM I OBLIGATED TO DO?	385	(42)
James Rachels
56. "The Challenge of Cultural Relativism"	386	(9)
John Stuart Mill
57. "What Utilitarianism Is"	395	(8)
Immanuel Kant
58. "The Categorical Imperative"	403	(9)
Aristotle
59. Nicomachean Ethics	412	(7)
Peter Singer
60. "Famine, Affluence, and Morality"	419	(8)
Chapter 15 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE MORAL?	427	(34)
Stuart Hampshire
61. "Morality and Conflict"	428	(8)
Herbert Fingarette
62. "A Way without a Crossroads"	436	(6)
Carol Gilligan
63. "Images of Relationship"	442	(9)
Brian Luke
64. "Justice, Caring, and Animal Liberation"	451	(10)
Chapter 16 WHAT GIVES THE STATE ITS AUTHORITY?	461	(48)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
65. "Letter from Birmingham Jail"	462	(7)
John Locke
66. Second Treatise of Government	469	(8)
John Stuart Mill
67. On Liberty	477	(7)
John Hospers
68. "What Libertarianism Is"	484	(9)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
69. The Communist Manifesto	493	(5)
John Rawls
70. A Theory of Justice	498	(11)
Chapter 17 HOW ELSE CAN I THINK ABOUT THE STATE?	509	(24)
Carol Pateman
71. "Women and Consent"	510	(7)
Robert C. Neville
72. "Freedom, Tolerance, and the Puritan Ethic"	517	(8)
Joan Tronto
73. "Care and Political Theory"	525	(8)
Chapter 18 CAN I KNOW WHETHER GOD EXISTS?	533	(32)
St. Anselm
74. "The Ontological Argument"	534	(3)
St. Thomas Aquinas
75. "The Five Ways"	537	(3)
Richard Dawkins
76. "The Blind Watchmaker"	540	(7)
Bertrand Russell
77. "Why I Am Not a Christian"	547	(9)
Blaise Pascal
78. "The Wager"	556	(3)
William James
79. "The Will to Believe"	559	(6)
Chapter 19 IS EVIL COMPATIBLE WITH THE EXISTENCE OF GOD?	565	(36)
J. L. Mackie
80. "Evil and Omnipotence"	567	(8)
Richard Swinburne
81. "The Problem of Evil"	575	(12)
Emil Ludwig Fackenheim
82. The Jewish Return to History	587	(4)
M. Shawn Copeland
83. "`Wading through Many Sorrows': Toward a Theology of Suffering in a Womanist Perspective"	591	(10)
Chapter 20 HOW ELSE CAN I THINK ABOUT GOD?	601	(26)
Friedrich Nietzsche
84. The Antichrist	602	(9)
James H. Cone
85. "God in Black Theology"	611	(5)
Sallie McFague
86. "A New Sensibility"	616	(11)
Chapter 21 HOW SHOULD I LIVE MY LIFE?	627	(28)
Aristotle
87. "Eudaimonia"	628	(5)
Jean-Paul Sartre
88. "Existentialism Is a Humanism"	633	(8)
Cornel West
89. "Nihilism in Black America"	641	(6)
Sandra Lee Bartky
90. "Feminine Masochism and the Politics of Personal Transformation"	647	(8)
Glossary	655