Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites Manufacture, Properties, and Applications

by Grady, Brian P.

• ISBN13: 9780470596418
• ISBN10: 0470596414
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-08-16
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Providing a much-needed and thorough overview of polymers in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites provides a fundamental understanding of achievements in the field and highlights key studies that have had significant impact. The author summarizes widely scattered information (8,000 journal papers) into one accessible resource, complemented by references to key papers for readers wanting more in-depth information. The text comprehensively examines CNT-polymers from synthesis to manufacturing and applications, making this a valuable tool for polymer scientists and engineers, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists.

Author Biography

Brian P. Grady, PHD, is the holder of the Conoco Du Pont Professorship in the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, as well as the Director of the Institute for Applied surfactant Research. Dr. Grady is chair of the Engineering Properties and Structure Division and later as secretary of the Society, and is currently a member of the Executive committee of the Society of Plastics Engineers.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Similarities Between Polymers and Nanotubes	p. 1
Organization of the Book	p. 3
Why Write This Book?	p. 7
References	p. 9
Carbon Nanotubes	p. 11
Overview	p. 11
Synthesis	p. 16
Arc Discharge	p. 19
Visible Light Vaporization	p. 21
Chemical Vapor Deposition	p. 22
Purification	p. 25
Properties	p. 26
Mechanical Properties	p. 27
Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermal Properties	p. 29
Optical Properties	p. 32
Chemistry	p. 36
Characterizing the Nature of Functionalization	p. 38
Common Functionalization Chemistries	p. 40
Polymer covalently Bonded to Nanotubes: "Grafting From"	p. 42
Polymer Covalently Bonded to Nanotubes: "Grafting To"	p. 44
Challenges	p. 44
References	p. 45
Dispersion, Orientation, and Lengths of Carbon Nanotubes in Polmers	p. 59
Overview	p. 59
Dispersion Characterization	p. 66
Microscopy	p. 67
Spectroscopy	p. 72
Methods to Disperse Nanotubes into Low-Viscosity Liquids, Including Monomers	p. 77
Mixing Protocols: Sonication and High-Shear Mixing	p. 79
Dispersions of Nanotubes in Water	p. 81
Dispersions of Nanotubes in Other solvents	p. 86
Polymer-Nanotube Dispersions: Solution Methods	p. 88
Dispersion-Reaction	p. 88
Dissolution-Dispersion-Precipitation	p. 90
Dispersion-Dispersion-Evaporation	p. 93
Polymer-Nanotube Dispersion: Melt Mixing	p. 94
Polymer-Nanotube Dispersion: No Fluid Mixing	p. 96
Polymer-Nanotube Dispersion: Impregnation/Infusion	p. 97
Nanotube Fiber-Polymer Composites	p. 97
Nanotube Sheet-polymer Composites	p. 99
Nanotube Forests-Polymer Composites	p. 101
Nanotubes on Already Existing Fibers	p. 101
Challenges	p. 102
References	p. 103
Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Polymers Physics	p. 119
Overview	p. 119
Amorphous Polymers	p. 122
Statics: Adsorption and Chain Configuration	p. 122
Dynamics: Glass Transition and Diffusion Coefficient	p. 129
Semicrystalline Polymers	p. 142
Statics: Unit Cells, Lamellae, Spherulites, and Shish-Kebabs	p. 147
Rate Effects: Glass Transition, Crystal Nucleation, and Growth	p. 169
Blends and Block Copolymers	p. 174
Challenges	p. 176
References	p. 177
Mechanical and Rheological Properties	p. 191
Overview	p. 191
Rheological Properties (Measurement of Melt and Solution Properties)	p. 200
Nonoscillatory Measurements	p. 204
Oscillatory Measurements and the Percolation Threshold	p. 208
Mechanical Properties (Measurement of Solid Properties)	p. 212
Interfacial Shear Strength	p. 214
Tensile, Compressive, and Bending Properties	p. 216
Fracture Toughness and Crack Propagation	p. 228
Impact Energy	p. 230
Oscillatory Measurements	p. 230
Other Mechanical Properties	p. 232
Challenges	p. 232
References	p. 233
Electrical Properties	p. 249
Overview	p. 249
Mixed Composites	p. 252
Maximum or Plateau Conductivity	p. 260
Broadness of Percolation Region (Critical Exponent)}p264
Percolation Threshold	p. 264
Dielectric Constant	p. 268
Impregnated/Infused Composites	p. 269
Composites with Electrically Conducting Polymers	p. 271
Challenges	p. 274
References	p. 275
Thermal Conductivity	p. 283
Overview	p. 283
Interfacial Resistance and Thermal Conductivity	p. 283
Dispersion, Percolation, and Thermal Conductivity	p. 295
Effects of Other Variables on Thermal Conductivity	p. 296
Challenges	p. 299
References	p. 299
Applications of Polymers-Nanotube Composites	p. 305
Overview	p. 305
Electrical Conductivity: EMI Shielding, ESD, and Transparent Electrodes	p. 305
Electromagnetic Shielding	p. 306
Electrostatic Dissipation	p. 308
Transparent Electrodes	p. 310
Other Applications Based on Nanotube Conductivity on Polymeric Substrates	p. 312
Thermal Properties: Flame Retardancy	p. 312
Electromechanical Properties: Strain Sensing and Actuators	p. 315
Electromechanical Actuation	p. 316
Strain Sensing	p. 318
Other Applications	p. 320
Challenges	p. 322
References	p. 322
Glossary	p. 331
Index	p. 337
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