Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practice

by Nicholls, Stephen J., Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9780763756222
• ISBN10: 0763756229
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-03-01
• Publisher: JONES & BARTLETT PUBLISHERS

Summary

Edited by two cardiovascular directors and featuring over 30 contributors, Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practice is an essential guide for cardiologists-on-the-go. This handy, paperback text provides current information on how to incorporate imaging modalities into clinical practice. Presented in an easy-to-read format for quick reference and comprehension, Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practices features clinical scenarios for practical application and over 200 photos and illustrations. Accessible, informative, compact, Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practices is the perfect reference for busy healthcare professionals!

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Editors and Contributing Authors	p. xi
Biology of Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary Artery Disease, Atherobiology, and Thrombosis	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Atherosclerotic Plaque Homeostasis	p. 3
Thrombosis Formation: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms	p. 10
Plaque Regression: Emerging Therapies Leading to Plaque Regression	p. 18
Heart Failure: Role of Cardiac Imaging	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Imaging Modalities in Heart Failure	p. 33
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 43
Nuclear Imaging	p. 47
Future Directions	p. 48
Conclusion	p. 49
Atrial Arryhthmias	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
General Mechanisms of Atrial Arrhythmias	p. 51
Pathophysiology and Features of Atrial Arrhythmias	p. 54
Treatment of Atrial Arrhythmias	p. 67
Conclusion	p. 69
The Biology of Ventricular Dysrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Arrhythmic Substrates	p. 78
Genetic Predisposition to Arrhythmias	p. 87
Conclusion	p. 87
The Biology of Congenital Heart Disease	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Incidence and Changing Trends	p. 93
Genetics and Recurrence Risk	p. 94
Residua and Sequelae	p. 95
Pregnancy	p. 98
Conclusion	p. 99
Imaging Technologies in Cardiovascular Disease
Echocardiography	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
M-Mode Echocardiography	p. 106
Two-Dimensional Echocardiography	p. 106
Echo Imaging Modalities	p. 110
Imaging Techniques	p. 119
Specific Indications	p. 123
Assessment of Systolic LV Function	p. 124
Assessment of LV Diastolic Function/Filling Pressures	p. 126
Transthoracic Echocardiography in Specific Cardiac Conditions	p. 129
Aortic Valve	p. 131
Mitral Valve	p. 135
Tricuspid Valve	p. 139
Pulmonary Valve	p. 141
Dilated Cardiomyopathy	p. 142
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	p. 143
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	p. 145
Computerized Tomography	p. 159
Development of Cardiac CT Technology	p. 159
Coronary Calcium Screening	p. 161
Coronary CT Angiography	p. 163
Functional Imaging of the Heart by CT	p. 168
Challenges and Future Potentials of Cardiac CT	p. 169
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis	p. 173
Imaging Atherosclerosis	p. 175
Conclusions and Future Directions	p. 182
Nuclear Based Techniques	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Isotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals	p. 189
Cameras and Camera Design	p. 191
Applications of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Selection of Candidates for Testing	p. 203
Testing for Special Indications	p. 206
Conclusion	p. 207
Novel Intravascular Imaging Technologies	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
Histopathologic Vulnerable Plaque Definitions	p. 211
Imaging of Vulnerable Plaques	p. 212
Imaging of Coronary Stents	p. 226
Conclusion	p. 229
Imaging and Cardiovascular Research
Monitoring Regression and Progression of Atherosclerosis	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Modalities for Imaging Plaque Progression	p. 237
Lessons Learned from Medical Therapies	p. 242
Conclusion	p. 250
Use of Imaging in Research on Systolic and Diastolic Function	p. 257
Introduction	p. 257
Statistical Considerations	p. 257
Imaging Considerations	p. 258
Evaluation of LV Systolic Function	p. 258
Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function	p. 267
Conclusion	p. 270
Atrial Pathobiology and Electroanatomic Mapping for Research	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Remodeling Due to Atrial Arrhythmia and Structural Disease	p. 273
Site-Specific Conduction	p. 276
Electroanatomic Mapping in Research	p. 276
Conclusion	p. 288
Imaging in Clinical Management
Clinical Use of Imaging for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment	p. 293
Introduction	p. 293
The Need for Additional Risk Stratification	p. 293
The SHAPE Guideline Recommendations	p. 294
Criteria to Evaluate Improved Risk Stratification	p. 294
Coronary Artery Calcium Score	p. 295
Future Imaging Technologies	p. 301
Conclusion	p. 301
Chest Pain Evaluation	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
Echocardiography	p. 307
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance	p. 310
Nuclear Medicine Techniques	p. 312
Computed Tomography	p. 314
Conclusion	p. 317
Evaluation of Dyspnea	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Investigating Dyspnea	p. 321
Nuclear Cardiology	p. 330
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 334
Computed Tomography	p. 341
Conclusion	p. 346
Congenital Heart Disease Assessment	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Echocardiography	p. 349
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance	p. 350
Anatomy Assessment in Congenital Heart Disease	p. 350
Function and Physiology Assessment in Congenital Heart Disease	p. 351
CMR Flow Assessment in Congenital Heart Disease	p. 351
Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Angiography	p. 351
Evaluation of Specific Congenital Heart Lesions	p. 352
Single Ventricle	p. 354
Aorta	p. 355
Conclusion	p. 356
Index	p. 359
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