Career Counseling And Development In A Global Economy

by Andersen, Patricia; Vandehey, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780618426348
• ISBN10: 0618426345
• Additional ISBN(s): 9781111828578
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-08-18
• Publisher: Cengage Learning
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This text prepares students for career counseling in the global economy, and supports their learning and understanding, through a unique pedagogical model--the Career Diamond--which helps students synthesize and apply career counseling theories. Also, case studies demonstrate the use of techniques and the application of theory. Covered topics include special populations, such as clients in the welfare-to-work program, and the impact of the global economy. In addition, a unique spirituality chapter demonstrates how some adults bring deeper meaning to life changes, including career transitions. A thorough assessment chapter describes how to integrate test results into a client's exploratory process. Experiential exercises in every chapter allow students to apply concepts and practice counseling skills. Theories of developmental psychology support career education programs.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART I Background for Understanding Career Services	1	(28)
Importance of Career Services	3	(13)
Historical Perspectives	5	(2)
Work Values	5	(1)
Horatio Alger	6	(1)
Early Professional Standards	6	(1)
Government Initiatives: DOT	6	(1)
Measurement of Traits	6	(1)
Matching Approach Versus Career Identity and Development	7	(1)
From Vocation to Career, from Single Choice to Development	8	(1)
Career Issues in the New Millennium	8	(3)
Philosophical and Theoretical Changes	8	(2)
A Changing Work Ethic	10	(1)
Globalization	11	(1)
Summary	11	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	12	(1)
Exercises	12	(1)
References	13	(3)
Career Counseling: Structure and Competencies	16	(13)
Career Development	17	(1)
Emotional Processing	18	(1)
Blocks to Career Counseling	19	(2)
Competency Requirements for Career Counselors	21	(3)
Basic Counseling Skills and Therapeutic Stance	21	(1)
Counseling Theory	22	(1)
Theoretical Models for Career Development	22	(1)
Utilizing Career Assessment Methods and Instruments	23	(1)
Information Resources	24	(1)
Summary	24	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	25	(1)
Exercises	26	(1)
References	27	(2)
PART II Career Counseling Theory and the Global Economy	29	(136)
The Career Diamond: A Teaching Tool	31	(16)
Understanding the Career Diamond	31	(6)
The Exploring Phase	33	(1)
The Peak of the Diamond	34	(1)
The Deciding Phase	35	(1)
A Career Decision-Making No-No	36	(1)
Career Development Includes Multiple Diamonds	37	(1)
Using the Career Diamond with Clients	37	(6)
Using the Career Diamond to Conceptualize Clients' Needs	39	(2)
When the External Dominates	41	(1)
Describing the Career Diamond	42	(1)
Summary	43	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	44	(1)
Exercises	45	(1)
References	46	(1)
Career Theory: Holland Super	47	(27)
Holland's Theory of Person-Environment Fit	47	(8)
Practical Use via the Career Diamond	51	(2)
Expanding Occupational Categories	53	(2)
Career Development and Super's Self-Expression Theory	55	(14)
Super's Theoretical Propositions	57	(10)
Practical Use via the Career Diamond	67	(2)
Summary	69	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	69	(2)
Exercises	71	(1)
References	72	(2)
Career Theory: Krumboltz Gottfredson	74	(30)
Krumboltz---Social Learning Theory and Career Development	74	(6)
Self-Observation Generalities, Task Approach Skills, and Areas of Change	76	(1)
What to Listen for in Career Counseling	77	(1)
Changes in Career Planning to Awareness of Serendipity	78	(1)
Practical Use via the Career Diamond	79	(1)
Gottfredson---Circumscription and Compromise	80	(7)
The Four Stages	81	(2)
Images	83	(1)
Circumscription	84	(1)
Compromise	84	(2)
Practical Use via the Career Diamond	86	(1)
Lent, Brown, and Hackett---Social Cognitive Career Theory	87	(8)
Vocational Interests	91	(2)
Occupational Choice	93	(1)
Practical Use via the Career Diamond	94	(1)
Summary	95	(2)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	97	(4)
Exercises	101	(1)
References	101	(3)
Career Counseling for the Global Economy	104	(20)
Global Economy's Impact on Career	105	(3)
Careering	106	(2)
Strategies for Dealing with the Global Economy	108	(10)
Accepting Change---Challenging Paradoxes	108	(4)
Self-Esteem at Work	112	(2)
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and the Concept of Flow	114	(3)
Sociopolitical Issues: A Critique of the Global Economy	117	(1)
Summary	118	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	119	(3)
Exercises	122	(1)
References	122	(2)
Career Issues for a Diverse Work Force	124	(41)
Increasing Cultural Sensitivity: Examining Personal-Societal Backgrounds	125	(3)
Gender Issues and Career	128	(6)
Female Gender Issues	128	(2)
The Excelsior Model	130	(3)
Male Gender Issues	133	(1)
Sexual Orientation	134	(2)
Family Issues and Career	136	(1)
Boundary Issues	137	(2)
Career and Crosscultural Issues	139	(1)
Embedded Assumptions for the Career Counselor	140	(1)
Brown's Theory of Crosscultural Values	141	(2)
Acculturation and Racial Identity Development	143	(13)
Economic Issues and Career Practice	145	(2)
Wealth Distribution	147	(6)
Career Clients with Disabilities	153	(3)
Summary	156	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	156	(4)
Exercises	160	(1)
References	160	(5)
PART III Career Counseling Skills	165	(108)
Career Counseling Process	167	(24)
Classic Career Counseling Interaction	167	(17)
Exploring Phase	168	(12)
Decision-Making Phase	180	(4)
Client Change	184	(2)
Summary	186	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	186	(3)
Exercises	189	(1)
References	189	(2)
Career Counseling Techniques	191	(25)
Techniques for Expanding Self-Awareness	191	(9)
Career Genogram	191	(2)
Life Reviews	193	(1)
Career Imaginings	194	(2)
Metaphors	196	(4)
Identifying Skills	200	(7)
Values	201	(2)
Occupational Card Sorts	203	(3)
Student Card Sort	206	(1)
Defining Success	207	(1)
Narrowing and Prioritizing	207	(4)
Decision Making	207	(3)
Career Portfolio	210	(1)
Career Support Groups/Psychoeducational Groups	210	(1)
Summary	211	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	211	(2)
Exercises	213	(1)
References	214	(2)
Assessment and Career Counseling	216	(31)
Assessing Client Information	217	(3)
Context for Presenting Concerns	217	(1)
Decision-Making Style and Social Support	218	(2)
Leisure Activities	220	(1)
Interview Summary	220	(1)
To Test or Not to Test, That Is the Question	220	(2)
Qualitative Assessment Methods	221	(1)
Tests Are Tools	222	(1)
Choosing Appropriate Instruments	222	(7)
Validity	222	(1)
Reliability	223	(1)
Career Interest Inventories	223	(6)
Interpreting Assessment Results	229	(7)
Interpreting Instruments	231	(5)
Assessment Example: Interpreting Results of Interest Inventories	236	(4)
Components of Interest Inventories	236	(2)
Gender Differences	238	(1)
Procedural Checks	238	(2)
Special Scales	240	(1)
Summary	240	(2)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	242	(2)
Exercises	244	(1)
References	245	(2)
Managing Career Information and Technology	247	(26)
Evaluating Information	247	(2)
Organizing Occupational Information	249	(1)
Processing Information	250	(1)
Career Resource Center: A Model	251	(7)
Career Resource Room	251	(1)
Career Assistants	252	(1)
Educational Information	253	(1)
Walk-In Career Counseling	253	(1)
Special Populations	254	(1)
Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems	254	(3)
Discover-e	257	(1)
Career Information Delivery Systems	258	(1)
Government Agencies' Information	258	(4)
Dictionary of Occupational Titles and Guide for Occupational Exploration	258	(1)
O*NET	259	(2)
Occupational Outlook Handbook	261	(1)
Department of Defense, Service Branches	261	(1)
Other Information Sources	262	(2)
Other Directories	262	(1)
Websites	262	(1)
Job Search Sites	263	(1)
Virtual Job Fairs	264	(1)
Career Information for International Opportunities	264	(1)
Career Counseling Online	264	(3)
Summary	267	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	267	(2)
Exercises	269	(1)
References	270	(3)
PART IV Career Development and Education	273	(86)
Career Development in Elementary School	275	(26)
The National Career Development Guidelines (NOICC, 1992) and a Career Development Program for Kindergarten to Fifth Grade	276	(4)
The National Career Development Guidelines	276	(1)
NOICC and Grade School	277	(1)
Career Development Program	277	(3)
Learning about One's Self: Gender, Morals, Social Skills, and Self-Esteem/Efficacy	280	(8)
Gender	280	(2)
Morals	282	(2)
Social Skills	284	(2)
Self-Esteem, Self-Concept, and Self-Efficacy	286	(2)
Learning about the External World: Play	288	(3)
Benefits of Affect in Play	288	(1)
Types of Play	289	(2)
Making Career Development Work in the School	291	(2)
Support from Teachers and Administrators	291	(1)
Support from Parents and Community	292	(1)
Summary	293	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	294	(1)
Exercises	295	(1)
References	296	(5)
Career Development in Middle School	301	(24)
The National Career Development Guidelines (NOICC, 1992) and a Career Development Program for Middle School/Junior High (Grades 6--8)	301	(3)
NOICC and Middle School	301	(1)
Career Development Program	302	(2)
The First Diamond: Middle School	304	(1)
Early Adolescence and the Internal Side of the Diamond	305	(9)
Cognitions	305	(2)
Gender and Socioeconomic Status (SES)	307	(2)
Ethnicity	309	(1)
Identity	310	(1)
Interests, Abilities, and Values	311	(3)
Early Adolescence and the External Side of the Diamond	314	(4)
Role of Parents and Teachers	314	(3)
Time with Peers Versus Parents: Experiencing the External World	317	(1)
Summary	318	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	318	(2)
Exercises	320	(1)
References	321	(4)
Career Development in High School and Late Adolescence/Young Adulthood	325	(34)
Middle Adolescence: Ages 14-18	325	(1)
The National Career Development Guidelines (NOICC, 1992) and a Career Development Program for High School (Grades 9--12)	326	(6)
NOICC and High School	326	(1)
Career Development Program	327	(1)
Career Diamonds	327	(5)
Middle Adolescence and the Self Side of the Diamond	332	(10)
Cognitions	332	(2)
Gender	334	(2)
Socioeconomic Status (SES)	336	(1)
Ethnicity	337	(1)
Identity	338	(4)
Interaction of the Internal and External	342	(1)
Interests, Abilities, and Values	342	(1)
Middle Adolescence and the External Side of the Diamond	343	(3)
Role of Parents	343	(3)
Late Adolescence: Ages 18--25	346	(5)
Emerging Adulthood	346	(2)
Realities of Late Adolescence	348	(3)
Summary	351	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	351	(3)
Exercises	354	(1)
References	355	(4)
PART V Career Issues Across the Life-Span	359	(56)
Career Counseling for Adults	361	(29)
Theory of Work Adjustment and Person-Environment-Correspondence	362	(5)
TWA and PEC Theory	362	(2)
Adjustment	364	(3)
Life Transitions	367	(1)
Emotional and Cognitive Constructs Experienced During Transitions	368	(2)
Prochaska's Model for Change: ``I Want to Change Careers, But...''	370	(4)
Pre-Contemplators	371	(1)
Contemplators	372	(1)
Becoming a Client: Preparation and Action	373	(1)
Undecided Versus Indecisive	374	(1)
Career Coaching	375	(3)
Questers and Career-Prenuers	378	(1)
Career Consulting for Organizations	379	(5)
Consultation for Plant Closings	380	(4)
Summary	384	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	385	(2)
Exercises	387	(1)
References	387	(3)
Spirituality and Career Counseling	390	(25)
Calling to Vocation	391	(1)
Core Humanistic Values	391	(1)
Self-Expression as Meaning	392	(1)
Process Interventions	393	(1)
Reflection of Meaning	393	(1)
Anti-Materialism	394	(1)
Creativity	394	(1)
Saving the Planet	395	(1)
Family Values	395	(2)
Nature and Community	397	(1)
Spirituality	397	(1)
Existential Issues and Clinical Judgment	398	(1)
Synchronicity	398	(1)
Flow: Meaning Beyond the Self	399	(1)
Harmony	400	(1)
Counseling as Flow: In Touch with Client's Healing Spirit	400	(1)
Meditation	401	(4)
Intentionality	402	(1)
Meditative Practice	403	(2)
Meaning Through Religion	405	(2)
Summary	407	(1)
Study Outline: Key Terms and Concepts	408	(3)
Exercises	411	(1)
References	411	(4)
Appendix A Career Counseling Competencies	415	(10)
Appendix B The Ethics of Technology-Based Counseling	425	(7)
Name Index	432	(3)
Subject Index	435