Career Counseling A Holistic Approach

by Zunker, Vernon G.

• ISBN13: 9780534640170
• ISBN10: 0534640176
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-07-14
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

This highly successful book has been called the most comprehensive text on the market, providing students with needed career theory as well as practical techniques and examples. Through the author's clear writing style, case examples, tables, and exercises, students develop a solid understanding of the theoretical models of career counseling and are thoroughly exposed to the practical information on how to effectively counsel clients about career issues. As demonstrated by the text's new subtitle, 'A Holistic Approach,' this substantially revised Seventh Edition reflects the growing emphasis on looking at the "whole person"-values, temperament, talents, and passions-to determine his or her best career fit.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
Part One Foundations and Resources	1	(264)
Historical Development and Some Basic Issues	2	(21)
Historical Development and Some Basic Issues	3	(1)
Six Stages of Development from 1890	3	(1)
A Chronology of Historical Events from Mid-1800s	4	(4)
1850--1920	4	(1)
1930--1950	5	(1)
1950--1980	6	(1)
1980--Present	7	(1)
A Glance into the Past and a Look into the Future	8	(1)
Some Basic Issues	8	(12)
The Case for the Individual	10	(1)
Career Life Perspective	11	(1)
Career Choice	12	(1)
Working in the 21st Century	13	(1)
Lifelong Learning	14	(1)
Counseling in a Culturally Diverse Society	15	(1)
Effective Use of Career Information	16	(2)
Focusing on a Multiple Spectrum of Domains	18	(2)
Summary	20	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	21	(1)
For More Information	21	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	22	(1)
Theories of Career Development	23	(62)
Trait-Oriented Theories	25	(13)
Trait-and Factor Theory	25	(2)
Person-Environment-Correspondence (PEC) Counseling	27	(4)
John Holland's Typology	31	(7)
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories	38	(3)
Krumboltz's Learning Theory of Career Counseling	38	(3)
Empirical Support for Krumboltz's Learning Theory	41	(11)
Happenstance Approach Theory	41	(3)
Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective	44	(4)
Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective	48	(4)
Developmental Theories	52	(15)
Life-Span, Life-Space Approach to Careers	52	(10)
Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations	62	(5)
Person-in-Environment Perspective	67	(15)
Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior	70	(1)
Career Construction: Developmental Tasks Within Vocational Development Stages	71	(4)
A Contextual Explanation of Career	75	(5)
Implications for Career Counseling	80	(2)
Summary	82	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	83	(1)
For More Information	83	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	84	(1)
Career Counseling Models	85	(47)
Some Issues and Concepts Emerging from Model Development	86	(2)
Five Career Counseling Models	88	(31)
Trait-and-Factor and Person-Environment-Fit	89	(5)
Generating a PEF Analysis	94	(6)
Developmental Model	100	(5)
A Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC)	105	(7)
Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Model	112	(7)
The Multicultural Connection	119	(7)
A Multicultural Career Counseling Model for Ethnic Women	120	(6)
Major Parameters of Five Models	126	(4)
Counseling Goals	127	(1)
Intake Interview	127	(1)
Use of Assessment	127	(1)
Diagnosis	128	(1)
Counseling Process	128	(2)
Summary	130	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	130	(1)
For More Information	131	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	131	(1)
Managing Sets of Needs	132	(17)
The Rationale for a Holistic Approach	133	(2)
The Call to Integrate Career and Personal Counseling	135	(1)
Career and Personal Counseling in Five Career Counseling Models	136	(2)
Personal and Career Counseling by Theoretical Domains	138	(1)
A Nexus for Integrating Counseling	139	(3)
Managing a Holistic Counseling Approach	142	(3)
Career Counselors of the Future	145	(1)
Implications for Career Counseling	146	(1)
Summary	147	(1)
Supplementary Learning Questions	148	(1)
For More Information	148	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	148	(1)
Career Counseling Intake Interview	149	(35)
The Intake Interview	150	(1)
A Suggested Sequence for an Interview	150	(2)
Suggestions for Interviewing Multicultural Groups	152	(4)
Discovering the Significance of Life Roles and Potential Conflicts	156	(5)
Worker Role	156	(2)
Homemaker Role	158	(1)
Leisure Role	159	(1)
Citizen Role	160	(1)
Discovering Problems That Interfere with Career Development	161	(9)
Behaviors That Can Lead to Work Maladjustment	162	(1)
Patterns of Work Psychopathology	162	(1)
Taxonomy of Psychological Work-Related Dysfunctions	162	(1)
Faulty Cognitions	163	(7)
Clarifying Problems	170	(1)
Case Examples	171	(10)
Summary	181	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	182	(1)
For More Information	182	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	183	(1)
Using Standardized Assessment in Career Counseling	184	(27)
Psychometric Concepts for Selecting Assessment Instruments	186	(2)
Reliability	186	(1)
Validity	187	(1)
Issues in Achieving Equity in Assessment	188	(1)
Acculturation	189	(1)
Assessment Goals in Career Counseling	189	(18)
Goal 1: Identifying Career Beliefs	190	(2)
Goal 2: Identifying Skills, Proficiencies, and Abilities	192	(2)
Goal 3: Identifying Academic Achievement	194	(2)
Goal 4: Identifying and Confirming Interest Levels	196	(3)
Goal 5: Discovering Personality Variables	199	(3)
Goal 6: Determining Values	202	(2)
Goal 7: Exploring Career Maturity Variables	204	(2)
Goal 8: Using Computer-Assisted Career Guidance (CACG) Assessment	206	(1)
Information About Assessment Instruments	207	(1)
Summary	208	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	209	(1)
For More Information	210	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	210	(1)
Self-Assessment and a Model for Using Assessment	211	(18)
Rationale of Self-Assessment as an Alternative	212	(4)
Learning to Self-Assess	216	(3)
Self-Assessment Procedures for Career Counseling	219	(3)
Autobiography	219	(1)
Focused Questions to Uncover Specific Variables	219	(1)
Interest Identification	220	(1)
Card Sorts	220	(1)
Lifeline---A Career Life Planning Experience	221	(1)
Guided Fantasy---An Exercise to Increase Self-Awareness	221	(1)
Skills Identification	222	(1)
Model for Using Assessment Results	222	(3)
A Glimpse at the Future of Assessment	225	(1)
Summary	226	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	227	(1)
For More Information	227	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	228	(1)
Technology in the New Millennium	229	(21)
Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACG)---Some Implications of Research	231	(1)
Some Cautions When Using Computers	232	(1)
Advantages of Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems	233	(1)
Types of Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems	233	(1)
Development of Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS)	234	(2)
Two Early Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems	236	(2)
Discover Multimedia	237	(1)
System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) and SIGI PLUS	237	(1)
Steps in Using Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Programs	238	(1)
Using the Internet	239	(1)
Examples of Web Locations	240	(1)
Implementing a Computer-Based Program	241	(2)
Technology: A Lifelong Learning Tool	243	(5)
Some On-Site Training Methods	244	(1)
Some Off-Site Training Methods	244	(1)
CD-ROM and Interactive Multimedia	245	(1)
Web-Based Instruction	245	(1)
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)	246	(1)
Virtual Reality (VR) Training	246	(2)
Summary	248	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	248	(1)
For More Information	249	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	249	(1)
On Being an Ethical Career Counselor	250	(15)
Some Boundaries of Ethical Competence	251	(2)
Example of a Violation	252	(1)
Example of a Violation	253	(1)
Some Boundaries of Confidentiality	253	(3)
Example of a Violation	254	(1)
Example of a Violation	254	(1)
Example of a Violation	255	(1)
Some Boundaries of informed Consent	256	(1)
Some Boundaries of Measurement and Evaluation	257	(2)
Example of a Violation	257	(1)
Example of a Violation	258	(1)
Some NCDA Guidelines for Using the Internet	259	(1)
Some Ethical Implications of Using Peer Helpers	260	(1)
On Becoming Ethical	261	(1)
Summary	262	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	262	(1)
For More Information	263	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	263	(2)
Part Two Career Counseling for Special Populations	265	(120)
Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups	266	(28)
What Is Culture?	267	(1)
Four Major Cultural Groups	268	(9)
African Americans	269	(2)
Asian and Pacific Americans	271	(2)
Hispanic (Latinos/as) Americans	273	(2)
Native Americans	275	(2)
Cultural Variability and Worldviews	277	(2)
Cultural Differences in Work-Related Activities	279	(2)
The Challenge of Becoming Culturally Competent	281	(5)
Immigration and Its Sequelae	286	(2)
Helping Clients to Live and Work in a Culturally Diverse Society	288	(2)
Summary	290	(2)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	292	(1)
For More Information	292	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	293	(1)
Gender Issues in Career Counseling	294	(27)
Career Development Theories and Women	295	(5)
Multicultural Perspectives When Working with Women and Men	300	(3)
Some Factors That Influence Gender Development	303	(3)
Gender in the Workplace	306	(2)
Special Needs of Women and Men	308	(7)
Gender Stereotypes	309	(1)
Fear of Femininity	310	(1)
Restrictive Emotionality	311	(1)
Sexual Harassment	312	(1)
Achievement, Competition, and Self-Destructive Behavior	313	(2)
Intervention Strategies	315	(3)
Intervention Component I---Working Climate	315	(1)
Intervention Component II---Expressiveness Training	316	(1)
Intervention Component III---Dual-Career Roles	316	(1)
Intervention Component IV---Lifestyle Skills	317	(1)
Summary	318	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	319	(1)
For More Information	320	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	320	(1)
Special Issues in Family Systems Featuring Issues of Dual Careers	321	(19)
The Family as a System	322	(7)
Family Relationships	324	(1)
Culturally Diverse Families	324	(5)
Issues Facing Dual-Career Families	329	(5)
Expectations and Intentions of Work and Family	329	(1)
Role Conflict	329	(2)
Child Care	331	(1)
Relationship Factors	332	(2)
Other Personal Factors	334	(1)
Implications for Career Counseling	334	(4)
Couples Counseling	337	(1)
Summary	338	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	338	(1)
For More Information	339	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	339	(1)
Career Counseling for Individuals with Disabilities	340	(23)
The Americans with Disabilities Act	341	(2)
Special Problems and Needs of Individuals with Disabilities	343	(4)
Adjusting to Physical Trauma	344	(1)
Feelings of Inferiority and Negative Stereotypes	344	(1)
Focusing on School Dropouts	345	(1)
Goals of Helpers	345	(2)
Multicultural Issues	347	(1)
Implications for Career Counseling	348	(1)
State Rehabilitation Programs	348	(6)
Privately Supported Rehabilitation Agencies	349	(5)
Career Education for Students with Disabilities	354	(3)
Educating and Counseling Individuals with Disabilities in Public Schools	355	(2)
A Group Counseling Program for Adult Individuals with Disabilities	357	(3)
Session I: Personal/Social Adjustment Counseling	358	(1)
Session II: Peer Group Affiliation	358	(1)
Session III: Worker-Supervisor Affiliation	359	(1)
Session IV: Job Attitude	359	(1)
Summary	360	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	361	(1)
For More Information	361	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	362	(1)
Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients	363	(22)
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Persons	364	(1)
Counselor Checklist	365	(1)
Some General Counseling Issues	365	(2)
Discrimination of G/L/B Persons at Work	367	(1)
Identity Issues	368	(3)
Model of Homosexual Identity Formation	368	(3)
Cultural Differences in Sexual Orientation	371	(3)
Counseling G/L/B-Oriented Youth	374	(2)
Career Counseling for G/L/B Persons	376	(5)
Summary	381	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	382	(1)
For More Information	383	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	383	(2)
Part Three Career Counseling in Educational Settings	385	(78)
Career-Related Programs and Counseling in Elementary Schools	386	(18)
Building Support for Career-Related Programs---Keys to Success	387	(7)
Learning by Observation	388	(1)
Self-Concept Development	389	(1)
Development by Stages and Tasks	389	(1)
Influence of Family Interactions	390	(2)
Involving Teachers and Parents in Career-Related Programs	392	(2)
National Career Development Guidelines	394	(1)
Career Goals and Competencies for Kindergarten through Sixth Grade	394	(1)
Representative Strategies for Classroom Activities	395	(3)
Self-Knowledge Strategies	397	(1)
Educational and Occupational Exploration Strategies	397	(1)
Career planning Strategies	398	(1)
Career Infusion	398	(2)
Counseling Children from Different Cultures	400	(1)
Implications for Career Development programs in Elementary Schools	401	(1)
Summary	402	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	402	(1)
For More Information	403	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	403	(1)
Career-Related Programs and Counseling in Secondary Schools	404	(32)
Comprehensive School Guidance Programs	405	(1)
Planning for Life Strategies	406	(1)
Middle/Junior School	407	(3)
Sociologists' View of Work Roles	410	(1)
Status Attainment Theory	410	(1)
Sociology of Labor Markets	410	(1)
Race and Gender Effects	410	(1)
Career Infusion Module	411	(1)
National Career Development Guidelines	412	(2)
Self-Knowledge Strategies	413	(1)
Educational and occupational Exploration Strategies	413	(1)
Career Planning Strategies	414	(1)
Developmental Tasks and Cognitive and Physiological Development in Junior and Senior High School	414	(5)
Role Confusion	414	(1)
Career Maturity	415	(1)
Cognitive Development	415	(1)
Sexual Maturity	416	(1)
Developmental Stages by Ginzberg Group	417	(2)
Implications for Career-Related and Counseling Programs in Middle/Junior Schools	419	(1)
High School	420	(1)
National Career Development Guidelines	421	(3)
Self-Knowledge Strategies	422	(1)
Educational and Occupational Exploration Strategies	422	(1)
Career Planning Strategies	423	(1)
Career Infusion Module	424	(6)
Sex Role Stereotyping	425	(1)
Career Videos for Individual and Group Counseling	426	(1)
Some Significant Career-Related Programs	426	(1)
Apprenticeships	426	(1)
Tech-Prep Programs	427	(1)
School-to-Work Programs	428	(2)
Placement as Part of Career Planning	430	(3)
The Purpose and Rationale for Career Centers	430	(1)
The Role of Placement in High School	431	(1)
Placement by State Employment Agencies	432	(1)
Summary	433	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	433	(1)
For More Information	434	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	435	(1)
Career Services and Counseling in Institutions of Higher Learning	436	(27)
How College Affects Students' Career Choice and Development	437	(1)
National Goals for Career Services and Counseling Programs in Higher Education	438	(15)
Examples of Career-Related Services in Institutions of Higher Learning	439	(1)
Career Prep at a Community College Consortium	439	(4)
Curricular Career Information Service (CCIS): A Module Model	443	(3)
Career Counseling at a Large University: A Metroplex Model	446	(1)
Life-Planning Workshops	447	(6)
Work- and Experience-Based Programs	453	(1)
Implications for Career Services and Counseling	453	(1)
College Placement	454	(5)
Interview Skills Training	456	(1)
Resume Writing	456	(2)
Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Programs	458	(1)
The Follow-Up	458	(1)
Summary	459	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	460	(1)
For More Information	461	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	461	(2)
Part Four Career Counseling in Work Settings and Career Transitions Throughout Life	463	(52)
Work in Our Lives	464	(23)
Changing Organizations and New Concepts in Career Development	465	(5)
Reengineering the Corporation	467	(3)
Will Postbureaucratic Organizations Have Advantages for Multicultural Groups?	470	(1)
Examples of How Work Has Changed	471	(13)
What Has Happened to Work in the United States?	473	(2)
The Importance of Basic Skills	475	(1)
The Rise of the Knowledge Worker	476	(1)
The Rise of the Temporary Worker	477	(2)
Stress at Work	479	(5)
Aging Workers	484	(1)
Implications for Career Counseling	484	(1)
Summary	485	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	486	(1)
For More Information	486	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	486	(1)
Career Counseling for Adults in Career Transition	487	(28)
Occupational Transitions in the New Millennium	488	(12)
Job Loss Concerns	489	(1)
Shift of Risks from Organizations to Individuals	490	(1)
Adults Who Want to Change Careers	491	(1)
Establishment Stage Transitions	492	(1)
Career Anchors	493	(1)
Midcareer and Maintenance Stage Transitions	494	(2)
Late Career and Transition to Retirement	496	(1)
Interacting Influences	497	(1)
Volatile Behavior in the Workplace	498	(2)
Implications for Career Counseling	500	(1)
Interventions for Adults in Career Transition	501	(10)
Experience Identification	502	(4)
Interest Identification	506	(1)
Skills Identification and Development	507	(1)
Value and Needs Clarification	508	(1)
Education and Training	508	(1)
Occupational Planning	509	(1)
Toward a Life Learning Plan	510	(1)
Summary	511	(1)
Supplementary Learning Exercises	512	(1)
For More Information	512	(1)
Suggested InfoTrac College Edition Topics	513	(2)
Appendix A: Table of Basic Assumptions, Key Terms, and Outcomes	515	(6)
Appendix B: Multicultural Career Counseling Checklist	521	(4)
Appendix C: Career Counseling Checklist	525	(2)
Appendix D: The Decision Tree	527	(2)
Appendix E: The National Career Development Guidelines: Competencies and Indicators for Elementary School Students	529	(4)
Appendix F: The National Career Development Guidelines: Competencies and Indicators for Middle/Junior High School Students	533	(4)
Appendix G: The National Career Development Guidelines: Competencies and Indicators for High School Students	537	(4)
Appendix H: A High School Student's Experience in a Cooperative Education Program	541	(4)
Appendix I: Counseling Web Sites	545	(2)
References	547	(36)
Name Index	583	(8)
Subject Index	591