Career Counseling: Process, Issues, and Techniques

by Gysbers, Norman C.; Heppner, Mary J.; Johnson, Joseph A.

• ISBN13: 9780205340552
• ISBN10: 0205340555
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Provides a practical, theory-based approach to career counseling based on a holistic model of human growth and development. Career Counseling: Process, Issues, and Techniques illustrates how career counseling now, more than at any other time in our history, must be a dynamic, creative and highly individualized process. This revised edition gives greater attention to the concepts of spirituality, social class, and sexual orientation as they influence individuals career development. In addition, readers will find in-depth treatment of a variety of useful career counseling tools.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xv
PART I Career Counseling in the 21st Century: Evolving Contexts, Challenges, and Concepts
Career Counseling: A Life Career Perspective	1	(18)
Career Counseling	2	(5)
Life Career Development: A Holistic Perspective	7	(5)
Implications for Career Counseling	12	(3)
Closing Thoughts	15	(1)
References	16	(3)
Ways of Understanding Career Behavior: Selected Theories and Aproaches	19	(31)
Theories of Career Development	22	(17)
Approaches to Career Development	39	(8)
Closing Thoughts	47	(1)
References	47	(3)
Empowering Life Choices: Career Counseling in Cultural Contexts	50	(27)
Written in collaboration with Helen A. Neville, Ph.D.
Definitions of Terms	51	(1)
The Birth of the Field	52	(5)
Demographic and Ethical Imperatives	57	(3)
Individual Difference Variables: World View, Acculturation, and Racial Identity Development	60	(7)
The Career Counseling Process through the Lens of Culture	67	(4)
References	71	(6)
Empowering Women's Life Choices: An Examination of Gender and Sexual Orientation	77	(37)
The Gendered Overlay: Sex Role Socialization in Childhood	78	(2)
The Gendered Context of Adolescents	80	(2)
The Gendered Workplace Context	82	(2)
Gender Specific Outcomes	84	(6)
Assessments and Techniques for Empowering Women's Choices	90	(3)
Feminist Identity Development	93	(10)
The Career Counseling Process: Placing the Gender Issues within the Existing Counseling Process	103	(5)
References	108	(6)
Empowering Men's Life Choices: An Examination of Gender and Sexual Orientation	114	(25)
The Gendered Overlay: Sex Role Socialization in Childhood	116	(1)
The Gendered Context of Adolescence	117	(1)
The Gendered Workplace Context	118	(1)
Counselor Role with Male Clients	119	(2)
Gender-Specific Outcomes	121	(5)
Assessments and Techniques for Empowering Men's Choices	126	(3)
The Structure of Career Counseling: Placing Gender Issues within the Counseling Process	129	(7)
References	136	(3)
An Empowerment Approach to Career Counseling with People with Disabilities	139	(15)
John Kosciulek
Current Employment and Career Status of People with Disabilities	140	(1)
Specific Difficulties Faced by People with Disabilities	140	(2)
Empowering People with Disabilities through Career Counseling	142	(3)
An Empowerment Philosphy	145	(1)
Applying the Career Counseling Structure to People with Disabilities	146	(5)
Closing Thoughts	151	(1)
References	152	(2)
Helping Clients Understand and Respond to Changes in the Workplace and Family Life	154	(17)
Changes in the Workplace and Family Life	155	(3)
Changing Workplace and Family Life Challenges and Consequences	158	(4)
Responding to Workplace and Family Life Problems through Career Counseling	162	(5)
A Checklist of Counselor Roles	167	(1)
A Final Note	168	(1)
References	168	(3)
PART II Opening and Gathering Information Phases of the Career Counseling Process: Selected Techniques and Instruments
Opening Phase of the Career Counseling Process: Forming the Working Alliance	171	(8)
The Working Alliance	171	(3)
Building Successful Working Alliances	174	(2)
A Counselor's Checklist on Building the Working Alliance	176	(1)
References	177	(2)
Life Career Assessment: A Structured Interview to Gather Client Information	179	(22)
Theoretical Foundation	180	(2)
LCA Structure	182	(14)
Same Closing Points	196	(3)
Applying What Has Been Learned	199	(1)
References	200	(1)
Career, Multicultural, and Marital Genograms: Gathering Information about Career-Family-Socialization Connections	201	(15)
Rationale	203	(1)
Administration	203	(6)
Career Genogram Commentary	209	(2)
Additional Uses of the Career Genogram	211	(3)
Some Cautions	214	(1)
References	214	(2)
Gathering Client Information Using an Occupational Card Sort: Using Occupational Titles as Stimuli	216	(20)
Occupational Card Sorts	217	(3)
The Case of Tanya	220	(2)
The Missouri Occupational Card Sort (MOCS)	222	(11)
A Concluding Thought	233	(2)
References	235	(1)
Gathering Client Information Using Selected Standardized Tests and Inventories: An In-Depth Approach	236	(28)
Finding the Right Standardized Tests	236	(2)
Criteria for Choosing Assessments	238	(4)
A Basic Battery of Career Assessment	242	(1)
A Basic Interest Inventory: The Self-Directed Search	242	(6)
Bringing Test Data Together	248	(14)
Summary	262	(1)
References	262	(2)
The Career Transitions Inventory: A Tool for Uncovering Internal Resources and Barriers in Adulthood	264	(19)
The Career Transitions Inventory	266	(15)
References	281	(2)
PART III Understanding and Interpreting Client Information and Forming Hypotheses Phases of the Career Counseling Process
Identifying and Analyzing Life Career Themes	283	(27)
What Are Life Career Themes? How Do We Identify and Analyze Them?	285	(3)
Interpretation: A Needed Skill in Theme Analysis	288	(1)
Forming Tentative Hypotheses: Another Needed Skill in Theme Analysis	289	(1)
Selected Model Explanations	290	(5)
Combining Worker Role Identity Models	295	(8)
Practice in Identifying Themes	303	(5)
Some Final Points on Life Career Theme Analysis	308	(1)
References	308	(2)
Understanding and Working with Resistant Clients	310	(21)
Recognizing Resistance: Some Examples	312	(8)
Dealing with Resistance	320	(8)
Counselor Resistance	328	(1)
Some Closing Thoughts	328	(1)
References	329	(2)
PART IV Taking Action, Using Information, Developing Career Goals and Plans of Action, Evaluating Results, and Closing the Relationship Phases of the Career Counseling Process
Using Information in Career Counseling	331	(17)
Identifying Client Needs for Information	332	(2)
Career Information Needs from a Perceptual Point of View	334	(1)
Looking at Our Own Needs for Information	334	(2)
Why We Provide Information	336	(1)
When to Use Career Information in Counseling	337	(2)
Help in Assessing the Need for Information	339	(1)
Establishing How Much Information is Helpful	339	(1)
Sources of Career Information	340	(7)
References	347	(1)
Developing Plans of Action	348	(10)
What Clients Take from Career Counseling	348	(3)
Defining Career Goals and Plans of Action	351	(1)
The Basics of Planning	351	(2)
Criteria for Career Goals and Action Plans	353	(4)
References	357	(1)
Bringing Closure to Career Counseling	358	(13)
The Context of Closure	359	(2)
The Special Case of Premature Closure	361	(2)
Handling Premature Closures	363	(1)
Feelings Associated with Closure	363	(1)
What Constitutes an Effective Closure?	364	(5)
References	369	(2)
Index	371