Career Information, Career Counseling, And Career Development

by Brown, Duane

• ISBN13: 9780205498413
• ISBN10: 0205498418
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

"The text is internationally known as the ls"Biblers" of Career and Vocational Training. Any enhancement to the text would be ls"icingrs" on the cake." Bill Bauer, Marietta College "The textbook offers a comprehensive view of career counseling for the counseling students as well as the professional career counselor/specialist. The content is readable for the student and beginner counselor as well as the seasoned counselor." Karen Rowland, Valdosta State University Now in its ninth edition, Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development is a comprehensive, up-to-date text written by a leading expert in the field. Author Duane Brown addresses career development theory, career information, career counseling practice, and career development programming in extensive detail, also discussing practical use of current theories and how they are applied to specific cultures and ethnicities. This accessible text is replete with essential references as well as helpful tips about using the Internet in career counseling. Features new to this edition include -A stronger focus on technology, cross-cultural issues, and theoretical application. -A new chapter on ethics in career counseling and additional emphasis on postmodern theories. -A chapter on schools that has been revised substantially in accordance with the ASCA National Model. -An extended "how to" section on using O*NET and ASVAB career exploration systems. [ Insert MyHelpingLab Ad ]

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
PART I Overview
Introduction to Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development	1	(26)
Career Development at a Crossroads	2	(1)
Arguments for Emphasizing Social Justice	3	(2)
History of Vocational Guidance and Career Development	5	(4)
The Need for Career Development Services	9	(3)
High School Students and Need	11	(1)
Displaced Persons	11	(1)
In Summary	11	(1)
Education and Work: Out of Poverty	12	(1)
The Language of Career Development	13	(3)
Defining Position, Job, Occupation, Career, and Career Development	13	(1)
Career Interventions Defined	14	(2)
Organizations and Publications	16	(1)
The Meaning of Work	17	(10)
Why People Work	18	(1)
The Future of Work	19	(4)
Summary	23	(1)
References	23	(4)
PART II Career Development Theory and Its Applications with Diverse Groups
Trait-and-Factor and Developmental Theories of Career Choice and Development and Their Applications	27	(38)
The Purposes and Evaluation of Theory	28	(4)
A History of Career Development Theorizing	30	(2)
Introduction to the Theories	32	(1)
Trait-and-Factor Theories	33	(8)
Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice	33	(5)
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)	38	(3)
A Values-Based Theory of Occupational Choice	41	(5)
Variables That Influence Career Choice and Satisfaction	42	(2)
Propositions of Brown's Values-Based Theory	44	(2)
Developmental Theories	46	(19)
Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory	47	(8)
Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise	55	(4)
Summary	59	(1)
References	60	(5)
Learning Theory-Based, Postmodern, Socioeconomic, and Decision-Making Theories and Their Applications	65	(22)
Theories Based in Learning Theory	66	(7)
Frumboltz's Social Learning Theory	66	(2)
A Social Cognitive Perspective	68	(2)
A Career Information--Processing Model of Career Choice	70	(3)
Postmodern Theories	73	(6)
A Contextualist Theory of Career	73	(1)
Complexity, Chaos, and Nonlinear Dynamics: A Chaos Theory of Career Development and Spirituality	74	(2)
Postmodern Career Counseling	76	(1)
A Second Approach to Postmodern Career Counseling: Solution-Focused Brief Career Counseling (SFBCC)	77	(2)
Socioeconomic Theories	79	(2)
Status Attainment Theory	80	(1)
Dual Labor Market Theory	80	(1)
Race, Gender and Career	80	(1)
Theories of Decision Making	81	(6)
Status and Use of Decision-Making Theories	82	(2)
Summary	84	(1)
References	84	(3)
A Values-Based, Multicultural Approach to Career Counseling and Advocacy	87	(19)
Career Counseling Defined	88	(1)
Foundation of the Values-Based Approach	89	(1)
Values-Based Multicultural Career Counseling (VBMCC)	90	(12)
Step 1: Assessing Cultural Variables	90	(1)
Step 2: Communication Style and Establishing the Relationship	91	(3)
Step 3: Facilitation the Decision-Making Process	94	(1)
Step 4: The Identifications of Career Issues (Assessment)	95	(2)
Steps 5 and 6: The Establishment of Culturally Appropriate Goals and the Selection of Culturally Appropriate Interventions	97	(2)
Step 7: The Implementation and Evaluation of the Interventions Used	99	(1)
Step 8: Advocacy	99	(1)
Application of the Model to Group Career Counseling	100	(2)
Developing Your Own Theory	102	(4)
Summary	103	(1)
References	103	(3)
Clients with Special Needs	106	(31)
Individuals with Disabilities	107	(6)
Career Counseling for Individuals with Disabilities	110	(2)
Career Counseling for Individuals with Mental Illness	112	(1)
Women in the Workforce	113	(1)
Career Counseling for Women	113	(1)
Displaced Workers	114	(1)
Career Counseling for Displaced Workers	115	(1)
The Economically Disadvantaged	115	(3)
Career Counseling for the Economically Disadvantaged	117	(1)
Cultural and Ethnic Minorities	118	(5)
African Americans	119	(1)
Hispanic Americans	119	(1)
Asian Americans	120	(1)
Native Americans	120	(1)
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals	121	(1)
Summing Up Cultural Issues	122	(1)
Delayed Entrants	123	(3)
Former Military Personnel	123	(2)
Ex-Offenders	125	(1)
Midlife Job Changers	126	(2)
Voluntary Changers	127	(1)
Older Workers	128	(9)
Summary	131	(1)
References	132	(5)
Testing and Assessment in Career Development	137	(40)
Personal-Psychological Characteristics	138	(3)
Aptitude	138	(1)
Interests	139	(1)
Personality	140	(1)
Values	140	(1)
Background	141	(1)
Clinical, Quantitative, and Qualitative Approaches to Assessment	142	(24)
Quantitative Assessment	142	(2)
Qualitative Assessment and Constructivist Theory	144	(3)
Quantitative and Objective Assessment Devices	147	(19)
Selecting Assessment Devices	166	(3)
Technical Qualities	166	(1)
Gender and Culture Bias	166	(3)
Other Issues	169	(1)
Interpreting Test and Inventory Results	169	(8)
Summary	171	(1)
References	172	(5)
PART III Finding and Using Educational and Occupational Information
Finding, Organizing, and Using Occupational Information	177	(30)
Two Types of Information about Work	178	(13)
Subtypes of Information	179	(1)
The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Information	180	(3)
Occupational Information: Print and Online	183	(4)
Educational Information: Print and Online	187	(2)
Audiovisual Materials and Games	189	(1)
Children's Materials	190	(1)
Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS)	191	(1)
Interviews with Workers	191	(4)
Career Day	191	(2)
Career Conferences	193	(1)
Post-High School Opportunity Programs	194	(1)
Simulation of Work Environments	195	(1)
Direct Experiences: Job Shadowing, Exploration, and Tryout	196	(2)
Career Resource Centers	198	(9)
Basic Criteria	198	(2)
Establishing and Renovating CRCs	200	(1)
Criteria for Collecting Material	201	(1)
Initiating a Collection	202	(1)
Summary	203	(2)
References	205	(2)
Using Technology in Career Assessment, Career Exploration, and Career Counseling	207	(30)
Basic Technological Competencies	208	(3)
The Roles of Computer Technology in Career Development	211	(2)
Internet-Based Career Exploration Systems (IBCES)	213	(16)
O* NET Online	213	(2)
ASVAB Career Exploration Program	215	(1)
CACGS	215	(4)
Career Information System (CIS)	219	(2)
Guidance Information System (GIS)	221	(2)
Discover	223	(3)
System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI)	226	(2)
Other Systems	228	(1)
Present Status of CACGS	229	(8)
Using the Internet to Provide Career Counseling and Assessment	230	(2)
Assessment Devices Online	232	(2)
Summary	234	(1)
References	235	(2)
PART IV Preparing for and Entering the Workplace
Preparing for Work	237	(25)
High School and Preparation for Work	238	(5)
Vocational Education	239	(1)
Work Experience Programs	239	(3)
Academics	242	(1)
Outside the Classroom---No Diploma Required	243	(2)
On-the-Job Training	243	(1)
Job Training Partnership Act as Amended by STWOA of 1994	244	(1)
The Job Corps	244	(1)
Outside the Classroom---High School Diploma Preferred or Required	245	(6)
Apprenticeship Programs	245	(5)
Military Training	250	(1)
Postsecondary Nondegree Schools	251	(3)
Trade, Vocational, and Technical Schools	252	(1)
Community Colleges and Junior Colleges	253	(1)
Colleges and Universities	254	(8)
Admissions Requirements	255	(2)
Factors to Consider in Choosing a College	257	(1)
Gaining Admission to College: An Application Strategy	258	(1)
Accreditation	258	(1)
Financial Aid	259	(1)
Sources of Information	260	(1)
Continuing Education	260	(1)
Summary	261	(1)
References	261	(1)
Job Placement, Outplacement, and the Job-Search Process	262	(23)
Job Placement Services	264	(8)
Public Employment Services	264	(2)
Private Employment Agencies	266	(1)
Secondary and Postsecondary School Placement Services	266	(3)
Online Job Placement Centers	269	(1)
Outplacement Services	270	(2)
Employability Skills	272	(2)
People with Disabilities	274	(1)
Executing the Job Search	274	(11)
Step 1: Taking Inventory of Self and Skills	274	(1)
Step 2: Investigating the Job Market	275	(1)
Step 3: Developing Employability Skills	276	(3)
Summary	279	(4)
References	283	(2)
PART V Career Development Programs in Education Institutions
Designing and Implementing Comprehensive K--12 Career Development Programs within the Framework of the ASCA National Model	285	(40)
Historical Background	285	(2)
The ASCA Model and Career Development	287	(6)
The Process of Program Development	293	(8)
Gaining Administrative Support	293	(1)
Establishing Preconditions	293	(1)
Forming a Planning Committee	294	(1)
Needs Assessment	295	(1)
Writing Goals and Objectives, and Establishing Criteria for Success	296	(3)
Planning the Career Development Program	299	(2)
Addressing the Issue: Program Implementation	301	(1)
Selecting a Management System	301	(1)
Planning and Implementing the Guidance Curriculum	301	(2)
Planning and Implementing Individual Student Planning	303	(5)
Assessment	307	(1)
The End Product	308	(1)
Planning and Implementing Responsive Services	308	(2)
Planning and Implementing Evaluation and Accountability: Some General Considerations	310	(8)
Program Planning Tips: Elementary	311	(4)
Program Planning Tips: Middle School	315	(1)
Careers Classes	316	(1)
Involving Parents	317	(1)
Program Planning Tips: High School	318	(2)
Targeting High School Students with Special Needs	318	(2)
Involving Community Resources in the Program	320	(5)
Summary	321	(1)
References	322	(3)
Career Development in Community and Four-Year Colleges and Vocational--Technical Schools	325	(22)
The Students	326	(2)
The Institutions	328	(1)
Career Development Programs	329	(4)
Developing the Program	329	(4)
Specific Activities	333	(9)
Advising	333	(1)
Courses	334	(1)
Brief Interventions	335	(1)
Self-Directed Activities	336	(1)
Internships	337	(1)
Information	337	(1)
Consultation	337	(1)
Career Counseling	338	(2)
Career Resource Centers	340	(1)
Major Fairs	341	(1)
Peer Counseling Programs	341	(1)
Assessment	342	(1)
Program Evaluation	342	(5)
Summary	344	(1)
References	344	(3)
PART VI Understanding the Labor Market
Trends in the Labor Market and the Factors That Shape Them	347	(14)
Causes of Long-Term Trends	348	(6)
Technology	348	(1)
The Global Economy	349	(1)
Other Economic Factors	350	(1)
Population Factors	351	(2)
The Size of Government	353	(1)
Causes of Short-Term Trends	354	(1)
The Occupational World through 2012	355	(3)
Projections for the Future	355	(3)
Practical Implications	358	(1)
Sources of Information on Change and Structure	358	(3)
Summary	360	(1)
References	360	(1)
Understanding and Using Occupational Classification Systems	361	(22)
O* NET	362	(8)
The Content Model: Definitions	363	(2)
Development of the Classification System	365	(1)
Development and Presentation of the Database	365	(4)
Using O* NET	369	(1)
Other Systems	370	(13)
Holland's Classification System	370	(2)
The World-of-Work Map	372	(3)
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)	375	(3)
North American Industry Classification System	378	(2)
Summary	380	(1)
References	381	(2)
PART VII Career Development in the Private Sector
Career Development in Business	383	(20)
Programming for Career Development	385	(2)
Rationale	386	(1)
Initiating the Program	387	(5)
Early Steps	387	(1)
Needs Assessment	388	(4)
Designing the Program	392	(6)
The Essential Components	395	(3)
Integration with HRD	398	(1)
Program Implementation	398	(2)
Benefits	400	(3)
Summary	400	(1)
References	401	(2)
Career Counselors in Private Practice: Counseling, Coaching, Consulting, and Beyond	403	(18)
Qualifications	404	(1)
Guidelines for Consumers	404	(3)
Career Coaching	405	(2)
Establishing a Private Practice	407	(6)
Types of Services	408	(1)
Location of the Office	409	(1)
Services to Be Offered	410	(1)
Marketing the Service	411	(2)
Budgeting	413	(8)
Fees	415	(2)
Billing	417	(1)
Other Business Details	418	(1)
Summary	418	(1)
References	419	(2)
PART VIII Trends and Issues in Career Development
Ethics and the Competencies and Credentials Needed for Career Development Practice	421	(16)
Principle 1: Above All, Do No Harm (Section A.4.4)	424	(1)
Principle 2: Be Competent (Sections C.2.a, b, c, d)	424	(1)
Principle 3: Respect the Clients' Right to Choose Their Own Directions (Section A.4.b)	425	(1)
Principle 4: Honor Your Responsibilities (Section C)	425	(1)
Principle 5: Make Accurate Public Statements (Section C.3)	426	(1)
Principle 6: Respect Counselors and Practitioners from Other Professions (Section D)	426	(1)
Principle 7: Advocate for Clients in Need (Section A.6.a)	427	(1)
The Competencies Needed by Career Counselors	428	(2)
Minimum Competencies	428	(1)
Professional Preparation	429	(1)
Ethical Responsibilities	430	(1)
Career Counseling Competencies and Performance Indicators	430	(5)
Career Development Theory	430	(1)
Individual and Group Counseling Skills	430	(1)
Individual/Group Assessment	431	(1)
Information/Resources	431	(1)
Program Management and Implementation	432	(1)
Coaching, Consultation, and Performance Improvement	432	(1)
Diverse Populations	433	(1)
Supervision	433	(1)
Ethical/Legal Issues	434	(1)
Research/Evaluation	434	(1)
Technology	434	(1)
Summary	435	(1)
References	435	(2)
Trends and Issues in Career Information, Career Development, and Career Development Programming	437	(12)
Trends: Career Information	439	(2)
Trends: The Job Hunt	441	(1)
Trends: Career Counseling	442	(2)
Trends: Career Development Programming	444	(5)
Summary	445	(1)
References	445	(4)
appendix Classroom Guidance Unit: Goal Setting---Becoming a Future-Oriented Student	449	(20)
Clarke Lambeth
Introduction and Rationale	450	(1)
What is a Goal?---Lesson 1	451	(5)
Setting Goals---Lesson 2	456	(3)
Creating a Plan to Reach the Goal---Lesson 3	459	(5)
Formulating Rewards and Identifying Obstacles to Achieving Goals---Lesson 4	464	(5)
References	467	(2)
Name Index	469	(8)
Subject Index	477