Career Management

by Greenhaus, Jeffrey H.

• ISBN13: 9780030224188
• ISBN10: 0030224187
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-11-11
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Career Management is designed to help students understand themselves and their careers, to develop the skills necessary to manage their careers effectively, and to act as a mentor or human resource manager helping other workers develop their own careers.

Table of Contents

PART ONE The Career Management Process: Theory and Application	xxix
Introduction to the Study of Careers	1	(22)
The Changing Landscape of Work	4	(4)
Job Loss	4	(1)
Internationalization	4	(1)
Technology	5	(1)
Changing Structure of Organizations	5	(1)
Changing Nature of Work	6	(1)
Culturally Diverse Workforce	7	(1)
Work and Family Life	7	(1)
Definitions of Career Concepts	8	(5)
What is a Career?	8	(4)
Career Management	12	(1)
Career Development	12	(1)
Need to Understand Career Management	13	(5)
Individual Perspective	13	(2)
Organizational Perspective	15	(2)
Summary of the Contemporary Workplace	17	(1)
Summary	18	(1)
Assignment	18	(1)
Discussion Questions	18	(1)
Endnotes	19	(4)
Model of Career Management	23	(18)
Overview of the Career Management Model	24	(2)
Theory and Research on the Career Management Process	26	(8)
Career Exploration	26	(1)
Types of Career Exploration	27	(2)
Awareness	29	(1)
Effect of Career Exploration on Career Management	29	(1)
Career Goal	30	(1)
Career Strategy	31	(1)
Career Appraisal	32	(2)
Career Management as an Ongoing Process	34	(1)
Indicators of Effective Career Management	35	(2)
Summary	37	(1)
Assignment	37	(1)
Discussion Questions	37	(1)
endnotes	38	(3)
Applications of the Career Management Model: A Guide to Career Exploration	41	(26)
A Note to the Reader on Learning Exercises	41	(1)
Types of Career Exploration	41	(1)
Self-Exploration	42	(5)
Techniques for Effective Self-Exploration	47	(3)
Collection of Data	47	(3)
Integrated Career Planning Systems	50	(1)
Organization-Sponsored Self-Exploration Programs	50	(2)
Informal Self-Exploration	52	(11)
Theme Identification	52	(1)
Environmental Exploration	53	(4)
Techniques for Effective Work Exploration	57	(1)
Understanding One's Preferred Work Environment	58	(1)
Overcoming Obstacles to Career Exploration: A Set of Guidelines	59	(3)
Self and Environmental Exploration: A Reciprocal Relationship	62	(1)
Summary	63	(1)
Assignment	63	(1)
Discussion Questions	63	(1)
Endnotes	64	(3)
Applications of the Career Management Model: Goals, Strategies, and Appraisal	67	(38)
Career Goal Setting	67	(13)
Components of Career Goals	68	(1)
Development of Long-Term and Short-Term Conceptual Goals	69	(1)
Development of Long-Term and Short-Term Operational Goals	70	(1)
Are Long-Term Career Goals Necessary?	70	(1)
Overcoming Obstacles to Goal Setting: A Set of Guidelines	71	(4)
Inability to Set Career Goals: Career Indecision	75	(5)
Implications of Goals Setting for Organizations and Their Employees	80	(4)
Facilitate Self-Awareness	80	(1)
Facilitate Awareness of the Environment	80	(1)
Encourage Experimentation	81	(1)
Respond to Chronic Indecision	81	(1)
Discourage Career Hypervigilance	82	(1)
Benefits to Organization	82	(2)
Career Strategies	84	(7)
Types of Career Strategies	84	(3)
Guidelines for the Development of Career Strategies	87	(4)
Career Appraisal	91	(3)
Types and Sources of Information Derived from Career Appraisal	92	(1)
Guidelines for Effective Career Appraisal	93	(1)
Career Management: A Blend of Formal and Informal Activities	94	(2)
Summary	96	(1)
Assignment	97	(1)
Discussion Questions	97	(1)
Endnotes	98	(3)
Careers of Michele Terry and Joe Francis	101	(4)
PART TWO Stages of Career Development	105	(154)
Career Development: An Overview	107	(20)
Adult Life Development	108	(9)
Erikson's Approach to Life Development	108	(1)
Levinson's Approach to Adult Life Development	109	(8)
Stages of Career Development	117	(6)
Occupational Choice: Preparation for Work	117	(1)
Organizational Entry	118	(2)
The Early Career	120	(1)
The Midcareer	120	(1)
Late Career	121	(1)
Difficulties in Applying a Career-Stage Perspective	121	(2)
Summary	123	(1)
Assignments	124	(1)
Discussion Questions	124	(1)
Endnotes	124	(3)
Occupational Choice: Preparation for Work	127	(28)
Theories of Occupational Choice	128	(16)
Occupational Choice as a Matching Process	129	(2)
Occupational Choice as a Developmental Process	131	(2)
Occupational Choice as a Decision-Making Task	133	(2)
Social and Cultural Influences on Occupational Choice	135	(3)
Occupational Choices of Women	138	(4)
Occupational Choices of American Minorities	142	(2)
Guidelines for Effective Occupational Decision Making	144	(4)
Development of Self-Awareness	144	(1)
Development of Accurate Occupational Information	145	(1)
Effective Goal Setting	146	(1)
Development of Career Strategies	146	(2)
Summary	148	(1)
Assignments	148	(1)
Discussion Questions	149	(1)
Endnotes	149	(6)
Organizational Entry	155	(26)
Theories of Organizational Choice	157	(1)
Role of Expectations in Organizational Entry	158	(6)
Development of Unrealistic Expectations	158	(5)
Organizational Entry in Later Adulthood	163	(1)
Organizational Actions During the Entry Process	164	(6)
Attraction of Job Candidates	164	(2)
Realistic Recruitment	166	(1)
Do Realistic Job Previews Work?	167	(2)
Assessment and Selection	169	(1)
Individual Actions During the Entry Process	170	(6)
Development of Self-Awareness	171	(1)
Identification of Prospective Employers	171	(1)
Effective Job Interview Behavior	172	(2)
Assessing Organizations	174	(2)
Choosing Organizations	176	(1)
Summary	176	(1)
Assignment	177	(1)
Discussion Questions	178	(1)
Endnotes	178	(3)
Early Career: Establishment and Achievement	181	(38)
Establishment Period	182	(10)
Content Areas of Socialization	183	(1)
Stages of Organizational Socialization	184	(4)
Mutual Acceptance and the Psychological Contract	188	(1)
Continuing Tasks	189	(1)
Floundering: Learning through Experience	190	(2)
Organizational Actions During Establishment	192	(7)
Effective Recruitment	192	(1)
Effective Orientation Programs	192	(1)
Early Job Challenge	193	(2)
Frequent and Constructive Feedback	195	(1)
The First Supervisor: A Critical Resource	195	(1)
Encouragement of Mentor Relationships and Other Supporting Alliances	196	(3)
Individual Actions During Establishment	199	(2)
Career Exploration and Goal Setting	199	(1)
Career Strategies---Influencing the Environment	199	(2)
Achievement Period	201	(1)
Organizational Actions During Achievement	202	(4)
Provide Sufficient Challenge and Responsibility	202	(2)
Performance Appraisal and Feedback	204	(1)
Construction of Realistic and Flexible Career Paths	204	(1)
Stimulate Career Exploration	205	(1)
Individual Actions During Achievement	206	(4)
Set Realistic Goals	206	(1)
Performance and Responsibility on the Current Job	207	(1)
Mobility Paths	207	(2)
Attaining Sponsorship	209	(1)
Word of Caution	209	(1)
The Early Career: A Question of Timing	210	(1)
Summary	210	(1)
Assignment	211	(1)
Discussion Questions	211	(1)
Endnotes	212	(7)
Middle and Late Career Issues	219	(40)
Middle Career Years	200	(21)
Confronting the Midlife Transition	220	(1)
Remaining Productive: Growth, Maintenance, or Stagnation?	221	(7)
Career Plateau	221	(4)
Obsolescence	225	(1)
Midcareer Change	226	(2)
Organizational Actions During Midcareer	228	(3)
Help Employees Understand Midcareer Experiences	228	(1)
Provide Expanded and Flexible Mobility Opportunities	229	(1)
Utilization of the Current Job	229	(1)
Encourage and Teach Mentoring Skills	230	(1)
Training and Continuing Education	230	(1)
Broaden the Reward System	231	(1)
Individual Actions During Midcareer	231	(3)
Dealing with Job Loss	232	(2)
Late Career	234	(4)
Productivity	235	(1)
Preparation for Retirement	236	(2)
Organizational Actions During Late Career	238	(3)
Performance Standards and Feedback	238	(1)
Education and Job Restructuring	239	(1)
Development and Enforcement of Nondiscrimination Policies	239	(1)
Development of Retirement Planning Programs	239	(1)
Establishment of Flexible Work Patterns	240	(1)
Individual Actions During Later Career	240	(1)
Summary	241	(1)
Assignment	242	(1)
Discussion Questions	242	(1)
Endnotes	243	(6)
Natalie the Retail Manager	249	(6)
George the Banker	255	(4)
PART THREE Contemporary Issues in Career Management	259	(140)
Job Stress	261	(28)
Job Stress: An Overview	262	(1)
Sources and Consequences of Stress	263	(12)
Type a Behavior as a Source of Stress	267	(2)
Career Transitions as a Source of Stress	269	(2)
Employment Bias as a Source of Stress	271	(1)
Burnout	272	(3)
Coping, Social Support, and Stress	275	(7)
Organizational Actions	278	(4)
Summary	282	(1)
Assignment	283	(1)
Discussion Questions	283	(1)
Endnotes	283	(6)
Intersection of Work and Family Roles: Implications for Career Management	289	(36)
Model of Work-Family Conflict	290	(5)
Work-Family Integration	295	(1)
Two-Career Family	296	(5)
Sources of Stress in the Two-Career Relationship	297	(1)
Work-Family Conflict	297	(1)
Restricted Career Achievements	298	(2)
Competition and Jealousy	300	(1)
Identity Problems	300	(1)
Impact of Two-Career Status on Children	301	(1)
Quality of Life In Two-Career Families	301	(3)
Social Support	301	(1)
Coping with Two-Career Issues	302	(1)
Flexibility	303	(1)
Organizational Responses to Work-Family Issues	304	(7)
Dependent Care	305	(2)
Flexible Work Arrangements	307	(4)
Changing the Organization's Work-Family Culture	311	(3)
Career Management and the Quality of Life	314	(4)
Summary	318	(1)
Assignment	318	(1)
Discussion Questions	319	(1)
Endnotes	319	(6)
Managing Diversity	325	(36)
Fairness in Organizations	326	(5)
Career Advancement	327	(1)
Job Performance Assessments	328	(1)
Lost Opportunities	329	(2)
Model of Organizational Fairness	331	(4)
Stereotypes	332	(1)
Psychological Distance	333	(1)
Cultural Misunderstandings	334	(1)
Is Diversity Inherently Valuable?	335	(3)
Conclusion	337	(1)
Organizational Actions	338	(3)
Characteristics of the Multicultural Organization	338	(1)
Elimination of Access Discrimination	338	(1)
Mutual Accommodation	339	(1)
Elimination of Treatment Discrimination	339	(1)
Structural Integration	340	(1)
Minimal Intergroup Conflicts	340	(1)
Responsive to Work-Family Issues	340	(1)
Organizational Approaches to the Challenges of Diversity	341	(1)
Affirmative Action	341	(1)
Valuing Differences	342	(1)
Managing Diversity	342	(1)
Organizational Programs and Policies	342	(7)
Communication Regarding the Meaning and Importance of Diversity	343	(1)
Unbiased Hiring Systems	344	(1)
Identification of Critical Diversity Issues	344	(1)
Diversity Training	345	(1)
Language Policies and Programs	345	(1)
Sexual Harassment Policy	346	(1)
Full Use of Career Systems	346	(2)
Family-Responsive Programs and Policies	348	(1)
Leadership and Accountability	348	(1)
Managing Diversity: Opportunities and Competence	349	(2)
Individual Actions	351	(2)
Summary	353	(1)
Assignment	354	(1)
Discussion Questions	354	(1)
Endnotes	354	(7)
Entrepreneurial Careers	361	(38)
Entrepreneurship: An Overview	362	(1)
Choosing an Entrepreneurial Career	363	(11)
Autonomy and Independence	364	(1)
Personal Characteristics	365	(2)
Environmental Conditions	367	(2)
Passion for a Product or Service	369	(3)
Presence of Role Models	372	(2)
Support for the Entrepreneurial Career	374	(2)
Characteristics and Experiences of Female and Minority Entrepreneurs	376	(5)
Female Entrepreneurs	377	(2)
Minority Entrepreneurs	379	(2)
Selecting and Managing the Entrepreneurial Career	381	(3)
Summary	384	(1)
Assignment	385	(1)
Discussion Questions	385	(1)
Endnotes	386	(7)
Stressed Saleswoman	393	(2)
Budding Entrepreneur	395	(4)
PART FOUR Career Management in Work Organizations	399	(56)
Human Resource Support Systems	401	(22)
Integration of Career Management with Human Resource Systems	402	(15)
Organizational-Level Activities	405	(7)
Individual-Level Activities	412	(2)
Matching Processes	414	(3)
Illustrations of Career-Oriented Human Resource Systems	417	(1)
Summary	418	(1)
Assignment	419	(1)
Discussion Questions	419	(1)
Endnotes	419	(4)
Organizational Career Management Systems	423	(24)
Overview of Career Management Practices in Organizations	423	(19)
Anticipatory Socialization via Internships and Apprenticeships	424	(2)
Realistic Recruitment	426	(2)
Employee Orientation Programs	428	(1)
Individual Learning and Development	429	(2)
Job Challenge and On-the-Job Experiences	431	(1)
Performance Feedback and Coaching	432	(1)
Mentoring and Supportive Alliances	433	(2)
Dual Promotion Ladders	435	(2)
Dealing with the Career Plateau	437	(1)
Late-Career Activities	438	(2)
Redeployment and Outplacement Programs	440	(1)
Pre-retirement Programs	441	(1)
Summary	442	(1)
Assignment	443	(1)
Discussion Questions	443	(1)
Endnotes	443	(4)
Closing Thoughts on Career Management	447	(8)
Preparing for the Future	448	(1)
Assignment	449	(1)
Discussion Questions	450	(1)
Endnotes	450	(1)
Case of the Star Performer	451	(2)
Case of the Corporate Policy Change	453	(2)
Learning Exercises	455	(20)
Index	475