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Michael Gregg is the COO of Superior Solutions, Inc. (www.thesolutionfirm.com), a Houston-based consulting firm that performs security assessments and penetration testing for Fortune 1000 companies. He is an expert on security, networking, and Internet technologies, and has written over 14 books on IT security. Michael holds the following certifications: CISSP, CISA, CISM, MCSE, MCT, CTT+, A+, Network+, Security+, CNA, CCNA, CIW Security Analyst, CCE, CEH, CHFI, CEI, DCNP, ES Dragon IDS, ES Advanced Dragon IDS, and SSCP. Billy Haines, CCNA Security, CISSP Associate, is a systems engineer for a science, engineering, technology, and applications company in the greater San Diego area. Prior to that, he was a network security vulnerability technician with the U.S. Navy, specializing in advanced networking, intrusion detection, vulnerability management, information assurance, and comprehensive defense-in-depth implementation.
Introduction xxvii
Assessment Test xliv
Chapter 1 Cryptographic Tools and Techniques 1
The History of Cryptography 2
Cryptographic Services 3
Cryptographic Goals 3
Cryptographic Terms 4
Cipher Types and Methods 6
Symmetric Encryption 8
Data Encryption Standard 10
Triple-DES 11
Advanced Encryption Standard 12
International Data Encryption Algorithm 12
Rivest Cipher Algorithms 13
Asymmetric Encryption 13
Diffie–Hellman 14
RSA 15
Elliptic Curve Cryptography 16
El Gamal 16
Merkle–Hellman Knapsack 16
Hybrid Encryption 16
Hashing 17
Hashing and Message Digests 17
MD Series 19
SHA 19
HAVAL 19
Message Authentication Code 20
HMAC 20
Digital Signatures 20
Public Key Infrastructure 22
Certificate Authority 22
Registration Authority 23
Certificate Revocation List 23
Digital Certificates 24
Certificate Distribution 26
The Client’s Role in PKI 26
Cryptographic Solutions 27
Application Layer Encryption 27
Transport Layer Encryption 28
Internet Layer Controls 28
Physical Layer Controls 29
Cryptographic Attacks 30
Summary 31
Exam Essentials 31
Review Questions 33
Chapter 2 Comprehensive Security Solutions 37
Advanced Network Design 39
Remote Access 40
Placement of Security Devices 41
SCADA 44
VoIP 45
TCP/IP 47
Network Interface Layer 48
Internet Layer 50
Transport Layer 55
Application Layer 57
Secure Communication Solutions 60
Secure Facility Solutions 66
Building Layouts 66
Facilities Management 67
Secure Network Infrastructure Design 67
Router Configuration 68
Enterprise Service Bus 69
Web Services Security 70
Summary 70
Exam Essentials 71
Review Questions 73
Chapter 3 Securing Virtualized, Distributed, and Shared Computing 77
Enterprise Security 79
Cloud Computing 81
Cloud Computing Models 82
Cloud Computing Providers 83
Benefits of Cloud Computing 83
Security of Cloud Computing 86
Cloud Computing Vulnerabilities 90
Virtualization 92
Virtualized Servers 93
Virtual LANs 97
Enterprise Storage 98
Summary 103
Exam Essentials 103
Review Questions 105
Chapter 4 Host Security 109
Firewalls and Access Control Lists 110
Host-Based Firewalls 114
Trusted Operating System 117
Endpoint Security Software 121
Anti-malware 124
Antivirus 124
Anti-spyware 126
Spam Filters 128
Host Hardening 129
Asset Management 133
Data Exfiltration 134
Intrusion Detection and Prevention 135
Summary 139
Exam Essentials 139
Review Questions 141
Chapter 5 Application Security and Penetration Testing 145
Application Security 147
Specific Application Issues 149
Cross-Site Scripting 150
Clickjacking 151
Session Management 151
Input Validation 152
SQL Injection 153
Application Sandboxing 154
Application Security Framework 154
Standard Libraries 155
Secure Coding Standards 156
Application Exploits 157
Escalation of Privilege 158
Improper Storage of Sensitive Data 159
Cookie Storage and Transmission 159
Process Handling at the Client and Server 160
Ajax 161
JavaScript 161
Buffer Overflow 162
Memory Leaks 163
Integer Overflow 163
Race Conditions (TOC/TOU) 163
Resource Exhaustion 164
Security Assessments and Penetration Testing 165
Test Methods 166
Penetration Testing Steps 166
Assessment Types 167
Assessment Areas 168
Security Assessment and Penetration Test Tools 170
Summary 182
Exam Essentials 182
Review Questions 184
Chapter 6 Risk Management 189
Risk Terminology 191
Identifying Vulnerabilities 192
Operational Risks 195
Risk in Business Models 195
Risk in External and Internal Influences 201
Risks with Data 204
The Risk Assessment Process 210
Asset Identification 210
Information Classification 212
Risk Assessment 213
Risk Analysis Options 217
Implementing Controls 218
Continuous Monitoring 219
Enterprise Security Architecture Frameworks 220
Best Practices for Risk Assessments 220
Summary 221
Exam Essentials 222
Review Questions 224
Chapter 7 Policies, Procedures, and Incident Response 229
A High-Level View of Documentation 231
The Policy Development Process 232
Policies and Procedures 233
Business Documents Used to Support Security 237
Documents and Controls Used for Sensitive Information 239
Why Security? 240
Personally Identifiable Information Controls 240
Data Breach 242
Policies Used to Manage Employees 243
Auditing Requirements and Frequency 247
The Incident Response Framework 248
Digital Forensics 250
The Role of Training and Employee Awareness 254
Summary 255
Exam Essentials 256
Review Questions 258
Chapter 8 Security Research and Analysis 263
Analyzing Industry Trends and Outlining Potential Impact 266
Performing Ongoing Research 266
Best Practices 270
New Technologies 273
Situational Awareness 281
Research Security Implications of New Business Tools 290
Global IA Industry Community 293
Research Security Requirements for Contracts 296
Carrying Out Relevant Analysis to Secure the Enterprise 298
Benchmarking 298
Prototyping and Testing Multiple Solutions 298
Cost-Benefit Analysis 299
Analyzing and Interpreting Trend Data to Anticipate Cyber Defense Aids 299
Reviewing Effectiveness of Existing Security 299
Reverse Engineering or Deconstructing Existing Solutions 301
Analyzing Security Solutions to Ensure They Meet Business Needs 301
Conducting a Lessons Learned/After-Action Review 302
Using Judgment to Solve Difficult Problems 303
Conducting Network Traffic Analysis 303
Summary 304
Exam Essentials 305
Review Questions 306
Chapter 9 Enterprise Security Integration 311
Integrate Enterprise Disciplines to Achieve Secure Solutions 313
The Role of Governance in Achieving Enterprise Security 315
Interpreting Security Requirements and Goals to Communicate with Other Disciplines 317
Guidance to Management 320
Establish Effective Collaboration within Teams to Implement Secure Solutions 322
Disciplines 325
Explain the Security Impact of Interorganizational Change 328
Security Concerns of Interconnecting Multiple Industries 330
Design Considerations During Mergers, Acquisitions, and De-mergers 331
Assuring Third-Party Products Only Introduce Acceptable Risk 332
Network Secure Segmentation and Delegation 334
Integration of Products and Services 336
Summary 337
Exam Essentials 338
Review Questions 339
Chapter 10 Security Controls for Communication and Collaboration 343
Selecting and Distinguishing the Appropriate Security Controls 345
Unified Communication Security 345
VoIP Security 354
VoIP Implementation 356
Remote Access 357
Enterprise Configuration Management of Mobile Devices 358
Secure External Communications 359
Secure Implementation of Collaboration Platforms 360
Prioritizing Traffic with QoS 362
Mobile Devices 363
Advanced Authentication Tools, Techniques, and Concepts 365
Federated Identity Management 365
XACML 366
SOAP 366
SSO 367
Service Provisioning Markup Language 368
Certificate-Based Authentication 369
Carrying Out Security Activities across the Technology Life Cycle 370
End-to-End Solution Ownership 370
Understanding the Results of Solutions in Advance 371
Systems Development Life Cycle 373
Addressing Emerging Threats and Security Trends 375
Validating System Designs 376
Summary 378
Exam Essentials 378
Review Questions 380
Appendix A CASP Lab Manual 385
What You’ll Need 386
Lab A1: Download, Verify, and Install a Virtual Environment 389
Lab A2: Explore Your Virtual Network 392
Lab A3: Port Scanning 396
Lab A4: Introduction to a Protocol Analyzer 400
Lab A5: Web Vulnerabilities 406
Lab A6: Introduction to the Nessus Vulnerability Scanner 408
Lab A7: Verify a Baseline Security Configuration 411
Lab A8: Basic Introduction to Windows Forensic Tools 413
Lab A9: Introduction to Helix 421
Lab A10: Introduction to Hashing 425
Lab A11: File Encryption 428
Lab A12: Cracking Encrypted Files 429
Lab A13: Intrusion Detection 431
Lab A14: An Introduction to Signature-Based Scanning 433
Lab A15: Rootkit Detection 437
Lab A16: Threat Modeling 440
Lab A17: Introduction to the Metasploit Framework 442
Lab A18: Social Engineering 445
Lab A19: Routing, Switching, and Security 449
Lab A20: Further Exploration 460
Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 463
Chapter 1: Cryptographic Tools and Techniques 464
Chapter 2: Comprehensive Security Solutions 465
Chapter 3: Securing Virtualized, Distributed, and Shared Computing 466
Chapter 4: Host Security 467
Chapter 5: Application Security and Penetration Testing 468
Chapter 6: Risk Management 469
Chapter 7: Policies, Procedures, and Incident Response 471
Chapter 8: Security Research and Analysis 472
Chapter 9: Enterprise Security Integration 473
Chapter 10: Security Controls for Communication and Collaboration 474
Appendix C About the Additional Study Tools 475
Additional Study Tools 476
Sybex Test Engine 476
Electronic Flashcards 476
PDF of Glossary of Terms 476
Adobe Reader 476
System Requirements 477
Using the Study Tools 477
Troubleshooting 477
Customer Care 478
Index 479
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