Castles and Warfare in the Middle Ages

by Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene-Emmanuel; Macdermott, M.

• ISBN13: 9780486440200
• ISBN10: 0486440206
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-26
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

This profusely illustrated and thoroughly researched book describes in detail the diverse methods used to attack and defend castles during the Middle Ages. In a groundbreaking study-the first to shed light on the purpose, construction techniques, and effectiveness of medieval fortifications, noted nineteenth-century architect and writer Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc discusses such architectural elements as dungeons, keeps, battlements, and drawbridges. In addition to describing a vast number of European structures-among them fortifications at Carcassonne, Paris, Avignon, Vincennes, Lubeck, Milan, and Nuremberg-he examines the use of artillery and trenches, as well as such weapons as battering rams, mines, and the long-bow.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(2)
The Visigoths in the Fifth Century	3	(1)
The Barbarians imitated the Romans	3	(1)
Wooden Ramparts of the Celts	4	(2)
The Roman Testudo	6	(1)
The Roman Camps	7	(1)
Wooden Towers on Roman Walls	8	(1)
Roman Walls of Towns	9	(1)
The Visigoth Fortifications	10	(1)
Towers at Carcassonne	11	(1)
Tower with Outworks	12	(1)
Fortifications of Towns	13	(1)
Roman Towns	14	(2)
Visigoth Towns	16	(1)
Roman Fortifications	17	(6)
The Tower	19	(2)
The Rat	21	(2)
Attacks of the German Tribes	23	(2)
The Battering-ram used in the Tenth Century	25	(1)
The Battering-ram used in the Eleventh Century	26	(1)
Improvements after the First Crusades	27	(1)
Detached Forts introduced in the Twelfth Century	28	(1)
Advantages of Detached Forts	29	(1)
Frequency of Sorties	30	(1)
The Norman Castles	31	(1)
Activity of Defenders Necessary	32	(1)
The Engines of War	33	(4)
The Mine	37	(1)
Siege of Carcassonne in 1240	38	(5)
The Battering-ram in the Thirteenth Century	43	(1)
Siege of Toulouse by Simon de Montfort	44	(3)
Fortifications of Carcassonne	47	(13)
Plan of Carcassonne	56	(1)
Bird's-eye View of Carcassonne	57	(3)
Necessity for Projections from the Walls	60	(1)
The Hoarding	61	(1)
The Hoard, and the Cat	62	(1)
The Lines of Approach	63	(1)
Engines for Attack and Defence	64	(1)
Attack by the Drawbridge from the Wooden Tower	65	(1)
Use of Bastions	66	(1)
Defensive Arrangements	67	(1)
Details of Defence	68	(1)
Means of Defence	69	(1)
Spirit of Feudalism	70	(2)
The Feudal Castle	72	(1)
Paris and the Louvre	73	(1)
Plan of Paris, Thirteenth Century	74	(1)
Plan of Paris, Fourteenth Century	75	(1)
Plan of Couey	76	(1)
Plans of Towns	77	(1)
Anglo-Norman Feudalism	78	(1)
Feudal Castles of France	79	(1)
Richard Coeur-de-Lion a consummate warrior and an able engineer	80	(1)
The Chateau-Gaillard	81	(10)
Keep of the Chateau-Gaillard	91	(1)
Siege of the Chateau-Gaillard by Philip Augustus, defended by Roger de Lacy	92	(3)
Castle of Montargis	95	(2)
The Donjon or Keep	97	(2)
The Donjon or Keep of Etampes	99	(1)
The Donjon or Keep of Provins	100	(5)
The Castle and Keep of Coucy	105	(9)
Enguerrand de Coucy	114	(1)
The Feudal Castles	115	(1)
Improved Modes of Defence	116	(1)
Arrangement of Loopholes	117	(1)
Loopholes and Battlements	118	(1)
Round Bastions	119	(1)
The Curtain-wall	120	(1)
The Pointed Bastion or Horn	121	(1)
Pointed Bastions or Beaks	122	(1)
Bastions at Aigues-Mortes	123	(1)
Plans of Bastions at Carcassonne and Falaise	124	(2)
The Narbonne Gate at Carcassonne	126	(4)
Means of Defence	130	(2)
The Drawbridge	132	(3)
Siege of Aubenton	135	(1)
Timber-hoarding	136	(4)
Battlements and Machicoulis	140	(1)
Hoarding and Machicoulis	141	(1)
Castle of Pierrefonds	142	(3)
The Walls of Avignon	145	(5)
Palace of the Pope at Avignon	150	(1)
The Castle of Vincennes	151	(1)
Plan of Vincennes	152	(1)
Improvement of Defences	153	(1)
Introduction of Infantry	154	(1)
The Battle of Crecy	154	(1)
Changes in Warfare	155	(6)
The Siege of Aiguillon	156	(1)
The Siege of Calais	157	(4)
The Jaquerie or Brigands	161	(1)
Superior Discipline of the English Armies	161	(2)
The Army of Du Guesclin	163	(1)
Feudal Traditions long preserved, except in the Good Towns	164	(2)
Introduction of Artillery	166	(1)
Early Use of Artillery and Trenches	167	(2)
The English Expelled from France by Improved Artillery	169	(1)
Further Improvements in Artillery	170	(2)
Cannons of the Fifteenth Century	172	(1)
An Archer of the Fifteenth Century	173	(1)
The Long-bow and the Cross-bow	174	(2)
Alterations of Castles to receive Cannon	176	(2)
The Castle of Bonaguil	178	(3)
Embrasures for Cannon	181	(1)
Modifications of Towers	182	(1)
Walls of the Town of Langres	183	(4)
Adaptations of Old Works	187	(1)
Tower at Perigueux	188	(2)
Fortress of Schaffhausen	190	(3)
Fortifications of Schaffhausen	193	(6)
Changes in the Art of Defence	199	(1)
Fortifications of Orange under Louis XI	200	(2)
Fortifications of Nuys	202	(1)
Castles of the Close of the Fifteenth Century	203	(1)
Modes of Strengthening Walls	204	(1)
Re-entering Ramparts	205	(1)
Fortifications of Sienna	206	(1)
Effects of Artillery	207	(1)
Use of Discharging-arches	208	(1)
Ramparts for Artillery	209	(1)
Ramparts of Earth and Timber	210	(1)
Ramparts of Timber	211	(1)
Embrasures formed with Gabions	212	(1)
The Trenches with Gabions	213	(1)
Fortifications of Metz	214	(1)
Widening the Area	215	(1)
Enlargement of Barbicans into Boulevards	215	(2)
Fortifications of Hull	217	(2)
Fortifications of Lubeck	219	(1)
Fortifications of Milan	220	(2)
Use of the Cavalier	222	(1)
The Bridge of Marseilles	223	(1)
Cavalier at Verona	224	(1)
Use of Traverses	225	(1)
Use of Bastions	226	(1)
Fortifications of Nuremberg	227	(2)
Fortifications of Augsburg	229	(4)
Frankfort-on-the-Maine	233	(2)
The Orillon	235	(2)
The Italian Engineers	237	(1)
Improved Bastions	238	(1)
Bastions attacked	239	(2)
A Bastion Isolated	241	(1)
Bird's-eye View of a Bastion	242	(1)
Use of Ravelins	243	(1)
Plans of Ravelins	244	(1)
Improvements in Embrasures	245	(1)
Embrasures at Nuremberg	246	(1)
Hoarding at Nuremberg	247	(1)
Improved Embrasures	248	(1)
Crenelles with Shutters	249	(1)
Embrasure with Loopholes	250	(2)
Embrasures at Basle	252	(1)
Complicated Defences	253	(1)
Advice of Machiavelli	254	(1)
Changes caused by the use of Artillery	255	(1)
Effects of Artillery	256	(3)
Mines and Countermines	259	(1)
Countermines---Galleries	260	(1)
Bastions according to De Ville	261	(3)
System of Vauban	264	(1)
Conclusion	265