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Cisco has announced big changes to its certification program.
As of February 24, 2020, all current certifications will be retired, and Cisco will begin offering new certification programs.
The good news is if you’re working toward any current CCNA certification, keep going. You have until February 24, 2020 to complete your current CCNA. If you already have CCENT/ICND1 certification and would like to earn CCNA, you have until February 23, 2020 to complete your CCNA certification in the current program. Likewise, if you’re thinking of completing the current CCENT/ICND1, ICND2, or CCNA Routing and Switching certification, you can still complete them between now and February 23, 2020.
CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide, 2nd Edition is your comprehensive review for the CCNA exams. Written by the leading authority on networking technology, this guide covers 100% of all objectives for the latest ICND1, ICND2, and CCNA Composite exams. Hands-on labs help you gain experience in critical procedures and practices. Gain access to the Sybex online learning environment, featuring a robust set of study tools including: practice questions, flashcards, video instruction, and an extensive glossary of terms to help you better prepare for exam day. The pre-assessment test helps you prioritize your study time, and bonus practice exams allow you to test your understanding.
The CCNA certification is essential to a career in networking, and the exam can be taken in two parts or as a composite. Whichever you choose, this book is your essential guide for complete review.
Full coverage and expert insight makes CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide your ultimate companion for CCNA prep.
Todd Lammle, Cisco certified in almost every category, is the authority on Cisco networking and certification. His three decades of real-world experience is prevalent in his writing. He is an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest bounded and unbounded networks in the world at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular and bestselling CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide and Cisco Firepower NGIPS. Todd runs an international training company from Texas, and a large scale consulting business out of Colorado. You can reach Todd through his forum and blog at www.lammle.com/ccna.
Introduction xxv
Assessment Test l
Part I ICND1 1
Chapter 1 Internetworking 3
Internetworking Basics 4
Internetworking Models 13
The OSI Reference Model 15
Summary 31
Exam Essentials 31
Written Labs 32
Domains 34
Review Questions 36
Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41
Ethernet Networks in Review 42
Ethernet Cabling 59
Data Encapsulation 66
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model 69
Summary 72
Exam Essentials 73
Written Labs 74
Review Questions 79
Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP 85
Introducing TCP/IP 86
TCP/IP and the DoD Model 87
IP Addressing 116
IPv4 Address Types 123
Summary 127
Exam Essentials 127
Written Labs 129
Review Questions 131
Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting 135
Subnetting Basics 136
Summary 166
Exam Essentials 166
Written Labs 167
Review Questions 170
Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 175
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 176
Summarization 186
Troubleshooting IP Addressing 189
Summary 196
Exam Essentials 197
Written Lab 5 198
Review Questions 199
Chapter 6 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 205
The IOS User Interface 206
Command-Line Interface (CLI) 209
Administrative Configurations 218
Router and Switch Interfaces 231
Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations 240
Summary 255
Exam Essentials 256
Written Lab 6: IOS Understanding 259
Hands-on Labs 259
Review Questions 267
Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 273
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch 274
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration 276
Configuring DHCP 280
Syslog 283
Network Time Protocol (NTP) 288
Exploring Connected Devices Using CDP and LLDP 289
Using Telnet 298
Resolving Hostnames 302
Checking Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting 306
Summary 311
Exam Essentials 311
Written Labs 7 313
Hands-on Labs 314
Review Questions 319
Chapter 8 Managing Cisco Devices 323
Managing the Configuration Register 324
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS 331
Summary 348
Exam Essentials 348
Written Lab 8 349
Hands-on Labs 350
Review Questions 352
Chapter 9 IP Routing 357
Routing Basics 359
The IP Routing Process 361
Configuring IP Routing 372
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network 381
Dynamic Routing 390
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 392
Summary 399
Exam Essentials 399
Written Lab 9 400
Hands-on Labs 401
Review Questions 405
Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching 411
Switching Services 412
Configuring Catalyst Switches 422
Summary 433
Exam Essentials 433
Written Lab 10 434
Hands-on Labs 434
Review Questions 438
Chapter 11 VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing 443
VLAN Basics 444
Identifying VLANs 449
Routing between VLANs 454
Configuring VLANs 456
Summary 472
Exam Essentials 472
Written Lab 11 473
Hands-on Labs 473
Review Questions 477
Chapter 12 Security 483
Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers 484
Introduction to Access Lists 485
Standard Access Lists 489
Extended Access Lists 497
Monitoring Access Lists 508
Summary 510
Exam Essentials 511
Written Lab 12 511
Hands-on Labs 512
Review Questions 517
Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT) 521
When Do We Use NAT? 522
Types of Network Address Translation 524
NAT Names 524
How NAT Works 525
Testing and Troubleshooting NAT 529
Summary 535
Exam Essentials 535
Written Lab 13 535
Hands-on Labs 536
Review Questions 542
Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 547
Why Do We Need IPv6? 549
The Benefits and Uses of IPv6 549
IPv6 Addressing and Expressions 551
How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork 555
IPv6 Routing Protocols 565
Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork 566
Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork 569
Summary 572
Exam Essentials 573
Written Labs 14 573
Hands-on Labs 574
Review Questions 577
Part II ICND2 581
Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies 583
VLAN Review 584
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 593
Configuring VTP 597
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 602
Types of Spanning-tree Protocols 610
Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID 618
Spanning-Tree Failure Consequences 623
PortFast and BPDU Guard 625
EtherChannel 629
Summary 634
Exam Essentials 635
Written Lab 15 635
Hands-on Labs 636
Review Questions 643
Chapter 16 Network Device Management and Security 649
Mitigating Threats at the Access Layer 650
External Authentication Options 653
SNMP 655
Client Redundancy Issues 659
Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs) 661
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 662
Summary 675
Exam Essentials 675
Written Lab 16 676
Review Questions 677
Chapter 17 Enhanced IGRP 681
EIGRP Features and Operations 682
Configuring EIGRP 690
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP 709
EIGRPv6 727
Summary 732
Exam Essentials 733
Written Lab 17 733
Hands-on Labs 734
Review Questions 737
Chapter 18 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 745
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics 746
Configuring OSPF 753
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces 762
Verifying OSPF Configuration 765
Summary 771
Exam Essentials 771
Written Lab 18 772
Hands-on Labs 772
Review Questions 776
Chapter 19 Multi-Area OSPF 783
OSPF Scalability 784
Categories of Multi-area Components 786
Basic Multi-area Configuration 793
Verifying and Troubleshooting Multi-area OSPF Networks 796
Troubleshooting OSPF Scenario 804
OSPFv3 814
Summary 819
Exam Essentials 819
Written Lab 19 820
Hands-on Labs 820
Review Questions 826
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 831
Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity 832
Troubleshooting IPv6 Network Connectivity 850
Troubleshooting VLAN Connectivity 862
Summary 874
Exam Essentials 875
Written Lab 20 875
Review Questions 877
Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks 881
Introduction to Wide Area Networks 882
Cabling the Serial Wide Area Network 894
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 896
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 898
Virtual Private Networks 913
GRE Tunnels 919
Single-Homed EBGP 925
Summary 934
Exam Essentials 934
Written Lab 21 935
Hands-on Labs 935
Review Questions 941
Chapter 22 Evolution of Intelligent Networks 947
Switch Stacking 948
Cloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network 950
Overview of Network Programmability in Enterprise Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 954
Cisco APIC-EM 957
Cisco Intelligent WAN 960
Quality of Service 962
Trust Boundary 964
QoS Mechanisms 965
Summary 971
Exam Essentials 971
Written Lab 22 971
Review Questions 973
Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 977
Chapter 1: Internetworking 978
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 980
Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 983
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 984
Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 986
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 986
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 987
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices 988
Chapter 9: IP Routing 988
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 989
Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 989
Chapter 12: Security 990
Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 991
Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 991
Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies 992
Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security 993
Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP 993
Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 994
Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF 994
Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 995
Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 995
Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks 996
Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 997
Chapter 1: Internetworking 998
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 1000
Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 1002
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 1003
Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 1005
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 1007
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 1009
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices 1010
Chapter 9: IP Routing 1012
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 1013
Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 1015
Chapter 12: Security 1017
Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 1019
Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 1020
Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies 1022
Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security 1024
Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP 1025
Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 1027
Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF 1029
Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 1031
Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 1032
Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks 1033
Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services 1037
Blocking SNMP Packets 1038
Disabling Echo 1038
Turning off BootP and Auto-Config 1039
Disabling the HTTP Interface 1040
Disabling IP Source Routing 1040
Disabling Proxy ARP 1040
Disabling Redirect Messages 1040
Disabling the Generation of ICMP Unreachable Messages 1041
Disabling Multicast Route Caching 1041
Disabling the Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) 1041
Turning Off the X.25 PAD Service 1042
Enabling the Nagle TCP Congestion Algorithm 1042
Logging Every Event 1042
Disabling Cisco Discovery Protocol 1043
Disabling the Default Forwarded UDP Protocols 1043
Cisco’s auto secure 1044
Index 1047
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