Cell Death: The Role of PARP

by Szabo; Csaba

• ISBN13: 9780849322679
• ISBN10: 0849322677
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-22
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), also termed poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) is a nuclear enzyme with a wide range of functions, including regulation of DNA repair, cell differentiation, and gene expression. More than a decade after the identification of PARP-like enzymatic activities in mammalian cells, a novel role was proposed for this enzyme, mediating a suicidal mechanism triggered by DNA strand breakage. This hypothesis has since become a controversial centerpiece of the PARP field, with many experimental systems both confirming and extending the PARP suicide theory.Theoretical and practical implications of the PARP suicide pathway were not extensively exploited until the 1990s. Researchers, for example, discovered a variety of findings; among them, that nitric oxide can activate a pathway leading to cell death (Neuronal cell death and pancreatic cell death), and that peroxynitrite, a reactive oxidant species produced from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide free radicals, is an endogenously produced trigger of DNA single strand breakage and PARP activation.Featuring contributions from researchers in the diverse fields of neuroinjury, myocardial injury, diabetes, shock, and inflammation, this text examines the current status of the field of PARP and cell death. Cell Death: The Role of PARP also explores PARP and apoptosis, PARP and DNA repair, as well as PARP and regulation of gene expression. Separate chapters focus on developments in the areas of pharmacological inhibition of PARP and on novel ways of measuring PARP activation. Furthermore, the emerging field of PARP isoforms is addressed.While tremendous progress has been made in the area of PARP and cell death, many controversies need to be clarified, and recent discoveries and observations require further development. Cell Death: The Role of PARP not only presents a state-of-the-art overview of the field, but serves as a catalyst for further research in this area.

Author Biography

Csaba Szabo, M.D., Ph.D. is Vice President for Research, Inotek Corporation, in addition he has an adjunct full professorship (surgery) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Table of Contents

Introduction Cell Death by Energy Depletion: A Reemerging Concept via the Nitric Oxide Connection	1	(6)
Csaba Szabo
Solomon H. Snyder
Nitric Oxide and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Neuronal Cell Death	7	(16)
Jie Zhang
Solomon H. Snyder
Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Mediating Acute and Chronic Neuronal Injury and Neurodegeneration	23	(18)
Valina L. Dawson
Ted M. Dawson
Importance of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury	41	(20)
Basilia Zingarelli
Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation in Inflammation	61	(20)
Andrew L. Salzman
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation and the Pathogenesis of Circulatory Shock	81	(22)
Csaba Szabo
Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Islet Cell Death and Type 1 Diabetes	103	(28)
Volker Burkart
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Immune System: Focus on Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates and Cell Death	131	(36)
Laszlo Virag
Protective Effect of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors against Cell Damage Induced by Antiviral and Anticancer Drugs	167	(16)
Balazs Sumegi
Gyorgy Rabloczky
Ildiko Racz
Kalman Tory
Sandor Bernath
Gabor Varbiro
Ferenc Gallyas, Jr.
Peter Literati Nagy
Involvement of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Cellular Response to DNA Damage	183	(26)
Claude Niedergang
F. Javier Oliver
Josiane Menissier-de Murcia
Gilbert de Murcia
Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Apoptosis	209	(18)
Marc Germain
A. Ivana Scovassi
Guy G. Poirier
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase is an Active Participant in Programmed Cell Death and Maintenance of Genomic Stability	227	(24)
Dean S. Rosenthal
Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal
William J. Smith
Betty J. Benton
Radharaman Ray
Mark E. Smulson
Pleiotropic Roles of Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation of DNA-Binding Proteins	251	(28)
Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal
Dean S. Rosenthal
Mark E. Smulson
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition by Genetic and Pharmacological Means	279	(26)
Jie Zhang
Jia-He Li
Determination of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation and Cleavage during Cell Death	305	(18)
El Bachir Affar
Stephane Gobeil
Marc Germain
Eric Winstall
Rashmi Shah
Sylvie Bourassa
Jerome St-Cyr
Claudia Boucher
Guy G. Poirier
Isoforms of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase: Potential Roles in Cell Death	323	(8)
Elaine L. Jacobson
Myron K. Jacobson
Index	331