Cellular Solids : Structure and Properties

by Lorna J. Gibson , Michael F. Ashby

• ISBN13: 9780521495608
• ISBN10: 0521495601
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-06-13
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

In this new edition of their classic work on Cellular Solids, the authors have brought the book completely up to date, including new work on processing of metallic and ceramic foams and on the mechanical, electrical and acoustic properties of cellular solids. Data for commercially available foams are presented on material property charts; two new case studies show how the charts are used for selection of foams in engineering design. Over 150 references appearing in the literature since the publication of the first edition are cited. The text summarises current understanding of the structure and mechanical behaviour of cellular materials, and the ways in which they can be exploited in engineering design. Cellular solids include engineering honeycombs and foams (which can now be made from polymers, metals, ceramics and composites) as well as natural materials, such as wood, cork and cancellous bone.

Table of Contents

Preface to the second edition	xi
Preface to the first edition	xiii
Units and conversion tables	xv
Introduction	1	(14)
Introduction and synopsis	1	(1)
What is a cellular solid?	2	(1)
Making cellular solids	3	(3)
Properties of cellular solids	6	(2)
Applications of cellular solids	8	(3)
Outline of the book	11	(1)
The literature	11	(4)
References	13	(2)
The structure of cellular solids	15	(37)
Introduction and synopsis	15	(1)
Cell structure	16	(8)
Shape, size and topology	24	(14)
Calculating relative density	38	(5)
Characterizing cellular materials	43	(4)
Conclusions	47	(5)
References	50	(2)
Material properties	52	(41)
Introduction and synopsis	52	(3)
Polymers and elastomers	55	(19)
Metals	74	(8)
Ceramics and glasses	82	(7)
Summary	89	(4)
References	90	(1)
General references	91	(2)
The mechanics of honeycombs	93	(82)
Introduction and synopsis	93	(1)
Deformation mechanisms in honeycombs	94	(4)
The in-plane properties of honeycombs: uniaxial loading	98	(37)
The in-plane properties of honeycombs: biaxial loading	135	(13)
The out-of-plane properties of honeycombs	148	(10)
Conclusions	158	(17)
Appendix 4A: Elastic moduli of square and triangular honeycombs	159	(1)
Appendix 4B: Small strain calculation of the moduli, including axial and shear deformations	160	(7)
Appendix 4C: The elastic buckling of a honeycomb	167	(2)
Appendix 4D: Mechanical properties of non-uniform commercial honeycombs	169	(4)
References	173	(2)
The mechanics of foams: basic results	175	(60)
Introduction and synopsis	175	(1)
Deformation mechanisms in foams	176	(7)
Mechanical properties of foams: compression	183	(34)
Mechanical properties of foams: tension	217	(7)
Summary of mechanical behaviour of foams: stress--strain maps	224	(7)
Conclusions	231	(4)
References	231	(4)
The mechanics of foams: refinements	235	(48)
Introduction and synopsis	235	(1)
The effect of temperature and strain-rate	236	(21)
Anisotropy of foam properties	257	(7)
Multiaxial loading	264	(15)
Conclusions	279	(4)
References	281	(2)
Thermal, electrical and acoustic properties of foams	283	(26)
Introduction and synopsis	283	(1)
Thermal properties	283	(12)
Electrical properties	295	(5)
Acoustic properties	300	(6)
Conclusions	306	(3)
References	307	(2)
Energy absorption in cellular materials	309	(36)
Introduction and synopsis	309	(2)
Energy-absorption mechanisms	311	(4)
Methods of characterizing energy absorption in foams	315	(4)
Energy-absorption diagrams	319	(12)
The design and selection of foams for packaging	331	(4)
Case studies in the selection of foams for packaging	335	(8)
Conclusions	343	(2)
References	343	(2)
The design of sandwich panels with foam cores	345	(42)
Introduction and synopsis	345	(3)
The stiffness of sandwich structures and its optimization	348	(8)
The strength of sandwich structures	356	(10)
Optimization of sandwich design: stiffness, strength and weight	366	(4)
Case studies in sandwich design	370	(13)
Conclusions	383	(4)
Appendix 9A: Results for stiffness-optimized sandwich structures	383	(2)
References	385	(2)
Wood	387	(42)
Introduction and synopsis	387	(3)
The structure of wood	390	(4)
The mechanical properties of wood	394	(20)
Modelling wood structure and properties	414	(12)
Conclusions	426	(3)
References	428	(1)
Cancellous bone	429	(24)
Introduction and synopsis	429	(3)
The structure of cancellous bone	432	(6)
The mechanical properties of cancellous bone	438	(6)
Modelling the structure and properties of cancellous bone	444	(5)
Conclusions	449	(4)
References	450	(3)
Cork	453	(15)
Introduction and synopsis	453	(1)
The structure of cork	454	(4)
The mechanical properties of cork	458	(5)
Uses of cork	463	(4)
Conclusions	467	(1)
References	467	(1)
Sources, suppliers and property data	468	(28)
Introduction and synopsis	468	(1)
The compilation of materials and suppliers	468	(1)
Property ranges for available cellular materials	469	(8)
Case studies	477	(5)
Conclusions	482	(14)
Appendix 13A: Commercially-available foams and their suppliers	483	(12)
References	495	(1)
Appendix The linear-elasticity of anisotropic cellular solids	496	(7)
The formal description of elastic anisotropy	496	(6)
References	502	(1)
Index	503