The Central Nervous System Structure and Function

by Brodal, Per

• ISBN13: 9780195117417
• ISBN10: 0195117417
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-11-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This clinically oriented textbook on nervous system structure and function offers medical students a sound basis for clinical thinking. It provides clear, concise descriptions of brain structures and their functional properties, incorporating data from molecular biology, clinical neurology and psychobioloby. Thoroughly revised and updated, the Second Edition goes further than the first in integrating material from all fields of neuroscience and in discussing brain-behavior relationships. There are two new chapters: one on development, aging and plasticity of the nervous system, the other on the general features of sensory receptors. New material covers cortical processing and its imaging, consciousness and sleep, cognitive functions of the cerebellum, the functional organization of the basal forebrain, pain, clinical disturbances of the somatosensory system, color vision, and cerebral lateralization. In addition, the text has been reorganized to improve its clarity within the chapters on the hypothalamus, the peripheral autonomic nervous system, and the cerebral cortex. About 30 new illustrations have been included, and the book's format has been redesigned.

Author Biography

Per Brodal, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor of Anatomy and Dean of Education in the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at the University of Oslo. Dr. Brodal has been working on experimental neuroanatomy, especially the motor system, for over 20 years

Table of Contents

A Brief Survey	x
I Main Features of Structure and Function	1	(176)
1. Cellular Elements of Nervous Tissue	3	(22)
Structure of the Neuron	4	(15)
Glial Cells	19	(6)
2. Functional Properties of Neurons	25	(46)
Basis of Excitability and Impulse Propagation	25	(13)
Synaptic Transmission	38	(12)
Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors	50	(13)
Coupling of Neurons: Pathways for Impulses	63	(8)
3. The Different Parts of the Nervous System	71	(52)
The Spinal Cord	72	(11)
The Brain Stem	83	(12)
The Cerebrum	95	(8)
The Cerebellum	103	(1)
The Coverings of the Brain	104	(4)
The Cerebral Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid	108	(6)
The Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System	114	(9)
4. Development, Aging, and Plasticity of the Nervous System	123	(38)
Development of the Nervous System	124	(24)
The Nervous System and Aging	148	(5)
Restitution of Function	153	(8)
5. How Are the Structure and Function of the Nervous System Studied?	161	(16)
Some General Features of Neurobiological Research	162	(2)
Methods	164	(13)
II Sensory Systems	177	(130)
6. Sensory Receptors in General	179	(6)
7. The Somatosensory System	185	(60)
Exteroceptors: Cutaneous Sensation	185	(9)
Proprioceptors: Deep Sensation	194	(14)
The Sensory Fibers and the Dorsal Roots	208	(9)
Central Somatosensory Pathways	217	(16)
Pain	233	(7)
The Somatosensory Cortical Regions	240	(5)
8. The Visual System	245	(36)
The Eyeball and the Refracting Media	245	(4)
The Retina	249	(14)
Organization of the Visual Pathways	263	(6)
The Visual Cortex and the Final Processing of Visual Information	269	(12)
9. The Auditory System	281	(16)
The Cochlea	281	(8)
The Auditory Pathways	289	(6)
The Auditory Cortex	295	(2)
10. Olfaction and Taste	297	(10)
The Olfactory System	297	(5)
The Sense of Taste	302	(5)
III Motor Systems	307	(112)
11. The Peripheral Motor Neurons	311	(28)
Motoneurons and Muscles	311	(11)
Reflexes	322	(11)
Muscle Tone	333	(2)
Injury of Peripheral Motor Neurons	335	(4)
12. Central Motor Pathways	339	(32)
The Pyramidal Tract (The Corticospinal Tract)	340	(8)
Other Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord	348	(5)
Control of Automatic Movements	353	(6)
Motor Cortical Areas and the Control of Voluntary Movements	359	(5)
Symptoms Caused by Interruption of Central Motor Pathways	364	(7)
13. The Basal Ganglia	371	(22)
Structure and Connections of the Basal Ganglia	373	(12)
Functions of Basal Ganglia	385	(2)
Diseases of the Basal Ganglia	387	(6)
14. The Cerebellum	393	(26)
Subdivisions, Structure, and Connections of the Cerebellum	394	(18)
Cerebellar Functions and Symptoms in Disease	412	(7)
IV The Brain Stem and The Cranial Nerves	419	(72)
15. Reticular Formation	421	(24)
Structure and Connections of the Reticular Formation	422	(10)
Functions of the Reticular Formation	432	(13)
16. Cranial Nerves	445	(46)
General Organization of the Cranial Nerves	445	(6)
The Hypoglossal Nerve	451	(1)
The Accessory Nerve	452	(1)
The Vagus Nerve	453	(5)
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve	458	(1)
The Vestibulocochlear Nerve: The Sense of Equilibrium	459	(11)
The Facial and Intermediate Nerves	470	(3)
The Trigeminal Nerve	473	(4)
The Abducent, Trochlear, and Oculomotor Nerves	477	(7)
Control of Eye Movements	484	(7)
V The Autonomic Nervous System	491	(62)
17. Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System	493	(36)
General Organization of the Autonomic System	494	(5)
Peripheral Parts of the Sympathetic System	499	(7)
Peripheral Parts of the Parasympathetic System	506	(2)
The Enteric Nervous System	508	(2)
Functional Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System	510	(5)
Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System	515	(4)
Sensory Innervation of Visceral Organs	519	(10)
18. Central Autonomic System: Hypothalamus	529	(24)
Autonomic Centers in the Brain Stem	529	(1)
Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus	530	(6)
The Hypothalamus and the Endocrine System	536	(5)
Functional Aspects	541	(5)
The Hypothalamus and the Immune System	546	(1)
The Hypothalamus and Mental Functions	547	(6)
VI The Cerebral Cortex and Limbic Structures	553	(68)
19. Limbic Structures	555	(28)
The Cerebral Cortex and "Limbic Functions": The Cingulate Gyrus	556	(3)
The Amygdala and Emotions	559	(6)
Neuronal Groups in the Basal Parts of the Hemispheres: The Basal Forebrain	565	(3)
The Hippocampal Formation: Learning and Memory	568	(12)
Behavior and the Limbic Structures	580	(3)
20. Cerebral Cortex	583	(38)
Structure of the Cerebral Cortex	584	(10)
Connections of the Cerebral Cortex	594	(8)
Functions of the Cerebral Cortex	602	(19)
Literature	621	(26)
Index	647