The CGRP Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Amylin and Adrenomedullin

by Poyner,David

• ISBN13: 9781587060045
• ISBN10: 1587060043
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Aston Univ., Birmingham, UK. Based on the proceedings of the Third International Meeting on CGRP, CGRP'98, held in Shaftesbury, UK in May 1998. Covers CGRP and related peptides amylin and adrenomedullin. Addresses biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. For researchers. DNLM: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Congresses.

Table of Contents

Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of CGRP Receptors
Multiple Receptors for CGRP and Related Peptides	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
CGRP Receptors: Putative Sub-types	p. 1
Amylin Receptors	p. 6
Adrenomedullin Receptors	p. 6
Conclusion	p. 7
CGRP Receptor Heterogeneity: Use of CGRP8-37	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Classification of CGRP Receptors	p. 13
Limitations to the Usefulness of CGRP8-37 in Subclassifying CGRP Rceptors	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 19
Structure Activity Relationship for CGRP	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Structure and Sequence of CGRP	p. 25
Detailed Structure Activity Relationships	p. 26
Conclusion	p. 30
The Binding of CGRP and Adrenomedullin to a Cloned Receptor	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Isolation of a Rat cDNA Related to the Calcitonin Receptor	p. 34
CRLR	p. 35
CGRP/Adrenomedullin Receptors and Their Associated Proteins	p. 41
CGRP Receptors, Structure and Function	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Molecular Biology	p. 43
Functional Studies	p. 48
Conclusion	p. 52
Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins(RAMPS) and CRLR Define the Receptors for CGRP and Adrenomedullin	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
RAMPS and CRLR	p. 57
RAMPS and Other Receptors/Accessory Factors	p. 63
Future Directions	p. 63
The CGRP-Receptor Component Protein: A Novel Signal Transduction Protein	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Discovery of the CGRP- Receptor Component Protein (RCP)	p. 67
Expression of RCP in Cells and Tissues	p. 69
RCP Function	p. 71
Conclusion	p. 74
Amylin Receptors
What Makes an Amylin Receptor?	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
The Amylin, Calcitonin, CGRP, Adrenomedullin Family of Peptides	p. 79
Amylin Receptors	p. 81
Second Messengers	p. 82
Relationship Between Amylin and Calcitonin Receptors	p. 84
Receptor Associating Proteins	p. 85
Conclusion	p. 85
Neuroendocrine Actions of Amylin	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Amylin and Regulation of Nutrient Load	p. 93
Conclusion	p. 99
Adrenomedullin Receptors
Characterization of Adrenomedullin Receptor Binding in Rat Tissues and Cell Lines	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
Distribution of Adrenomedullin Receptors	p. 103
Affinities of Adrenomedullin and CGRP at Their Respective Receptors	p. 104
Comparison of Adrenomedullin and CGRP Binding in Mammalian Lung	p. 105
Adrenomedullin and CGRP Binding in L6 Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells	p. 107
Adrenomedullin and CGRP Effects on Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in L6 Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells	p. 108
Adrenomedullin Receptor Binding in Rat Soleus Muscle	p. 110
The Effects of Adrenomedullin and CGRP on Insulin Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated Rat Soleus Muscles	p. 111
Conclusion	p. 112
Cardiovascular Actions of Adrenomedullin	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Cardiovascular Responses to ADM	p. 116
Structure Activity Relationships for Adrenomedullin	p. 118
Conclusion	p. 122
General Pathophysiology of CGRP, Amylin and Adrenomedullin
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Expression and Release of CGRP in the Gastrointestinal Tract	p. 125
CGRP and Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology	p. 127
Conclusion	p. 133
CGRP and Neurogenic Vasodilatation: Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Diabetes	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Raynaud's Disease	p. 141
Diabetes	p. 141
Nerve Growth Factor	p. 142
The Rat Saphenous Model of Neurogenic Inflammation	p. 142
Neurogenic Vasoactive Responses in the Diabetic Rat	p. 143
Conclusion	p. 146
Neurogenically-Derived Pathological Hyperaemia in Articular Tissues	p. 149
Introduction	p. 149
Physiological Role for CGRP in Regulating Knee Joint Perfusion	p. 149
Pathophysiological Role for CGRP in Joint Trauma	p. 151
Pathophysiological Role for CGRP in Chronic Joint Inflammation	p. 154
Conclusion	p. 156
CGRP in Migraine and Headache
Evidence of the Involvement of CGRP in Migraine and Cluster Headacher: A Physiological Perspective	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Why Migraine and Cluster Headache?	p. 159
The Trigeminovascular System	p. 159
CGRP In Migraine	p. 161
CGRP In Cluster and Related Headaches	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 163
CGRP, CGRP mRNA and CGRP1 Receptor mRNA and Release from the Human Trigeminovascular System	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Innervation of the Human Intracranial Vessels	p. 167
Receptor mRNA Analysis	p. 168
Neurotransmitter Release	p. 168
What Causes the Release of CGRP in Headache?	p. 170
Short Communications
Investigation of Different Pathways for the Relaxant Responses of Human [alpha]CGRP and [beta]CGRP on Guinea Pig Basilar Artery	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Materials and Methods	p. 173
Results	p. 173
Conclusion	p. 175
CGRP Receptors in Rat Intramural Left Coronary Arteries	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Methods	p. 177
Results and Discussion	p. 177
Discrete Expression of a Putative CGRP Receptor (RDC1) mRNA in the Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues	p. 179
Introduction	p. 179
Materials and Methods	p. 180
Results	p. 180
Discussion	p. 181
Amylin-Immunoreactivity in Monkey Hypothalamus	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Methods	p. 187
Results and Conclusions	p. 187
Analysis of Responses to hAmylin and hCGRP in Isolated Resistance Arteries from the Mesenteric Vascular Bed of the Rat	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Methods	p. 189
Results	p. 190
Discussion	p. 190
Adrenomedullin in the Rat Placenta and Uterus	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Methods	p. 195
Results and Discussion	p. 195
Effects of ADM and CGRP on Erectile Activity in the Cat	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Materials and Methods	p. 199
Results	p. 199
Discussion	p. 201
Evidence for a Specific Endothelial Cell Adrenomedullin Receptor Regulating Endothelin-1 Gene Expression and Synthesis	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Methods	p. 207
Results	p. 207
Discussion	p. 208
Antimicrobial Effects of Adrenomedullin and CGRP	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
Methods and Materials	p. 211
Results and Discussion	p. 212
The Comparative Activity of Adrenomedullin and CGRP to Potentiate Inflammatory Oedema Formation	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
Results	p. 215
Conclusion	p. 216
The Effects of a Selective CGRP1 Receptor Antagonist, and a Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor on Neurogenic Vasodilatation in the Rat	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Methods	p. 217
Results	p. 217
Conclusion	p. 218
CGRP and NO in the Regulation of Blood Flow in Rabbit Knee Joints	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Methods	p. 219
Results	p. 219
Discussion	p. 220
CGRP Modulates LPS- and Cytokine-Induced iNOS/NO Formation	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
Methods	p. 223
Results	p. 224
Discussion and Conclusion	p. 224
Identification and Regulation of CGRP in T Lymphocytes of the Rat	p. 227
CGRP and Pregnancy	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
CGRP and Vascular Adaptations During Pregnancy	p. 229
CGRP and Uterine Quiescence	p. 232
Conclusion	p. 235
Characterization of CGRP Receptors in Human Cranial Arteries	p. 239
Introduction	p. 239
Methods	p. 239
Results	p. 239
Conclusion	p. 244
CGRP-Mediated Dural Vessel Vasodilation Produces Sensitisation of Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Neurones in Rats	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Methods	p. 245
Results	p. 247
Conclusion	p. 247
References	p. 247
Mechanism of CGRP Release from Sensory Nerve Terminals in Isolated Trachea of the Rat	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Methods	p. 249
Results	p. 249
Conclusion	p. 250
Expression and Distribution of CGRP Peptide and Receptor in Human Skin	p. 251
Introduction	p. 251
Materials and Methods	p. 251
Results	p. 252
Discussion	p. 252
The Classification of CGRP, Amylin and Adrenomedullin Receptors: CGRP '98 Consensus View	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Current Nomenclature (1998)	p. 255
Discussion of Current Nomenclature	p. 256
Suggestions for Alterations to Current Nomenclature	p. 257
Conclusion	p. 257
Index	p. 259
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