The Challenge of Domestic Intelligence in a Free Society A Mulitdisciplinary Look at the Creation of a U.S. Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Agency

by Jackson, Brian A.; Schaefer, Agnes Gereben; Noricks, Darcy; Goldsmith, Benjamin W.; Lester, Genevieve

• ISBN13: 9780833046161
• ISBN10: 0833046160
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-03-16
• Publisher: RAND Corporation

Summary

Whether U.S. terrorism-prevention efforts match the threat continues to be central in policy debate. Part of this debate is whether the United States needs a dedicated domestic counterterrorism intelligence agency. This book examines such an agency's possible capability, comparing its potential effectiveness with that of current efforts, and its acceptability to the public, as well as various balances and trade-offs involved.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. iii
Figures	p. xi
Tables	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Abbreviations	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Defining Domestic Intelligence	p. 3
Arguments for Change in Current Domestic Intelligence Policies	p. 6
About This Study	p. 8
The U.S. Context for Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence	p. 11
The History of Domestic Intelligence in the United States: Lessons for Assessing the Creation of a New Counterterrorism Intelligence Agency	p. 13
Domestic Intelligence Prior to World War I	p. 14
World War I, the Palmer Raids, and the Stone Line	p. 18
World War II and the Institutionalization of Domestic Intelligence Activities	p. 22
Post-World War II Domestic Intelligence	p. 30
Growing Concern About the FBI's Domestic Intelligence Activities	p. 37
Terrorism and a Renewed Call for Expanded Domestic Intelligence Activities	p. 42
Conclusions	p. 44
Current Domestic Intelligence Efforts in the United States	p. 49
Mapping the U.S. Domestic Intelligence Enterprise	p. 50
Describing the Domestic Intelligence Enterprise	p. 55
Discussion	p. 69
Conclusions	p. 77
Societal Acceptability of Domestic Intelligence	p. 79
Public Threat Perception: Terrorism	p. 82
The Balance of Civil Liberties and Security	p. 89
Public Trust and Credibility	p. 96
Public Perception and the Portrayal of Intelligence	p. 100
Conclusions	p. 103
The Law and the Creation of a New Domestic Intelligence Agency in the United States	p. 105
The Legality of Creating a New Federal Agency	p. 108
Specific Legal Considerations	p. 112
Conclusions	p. 119
Exploring Different Approaches for Thinking About Creating a U.S. Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Agency	p. 121
Weighing Organizational Models for a New Domestic Intelligence Agency	p. 123
Organizational Design and Domestic Intelligence	p. 124
Adapting the Status Quo	p. 126
Alternative Models for a Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Agency	p. 132
Conclusions	p. 147
Privacy and Civil Liberties Protections in a New Domestic Intelligence Agency	p. 149
The Privacy-Relevant Nature of Domestic Intelligence	p. 150
Gauging Privacy	p. 152
Elements of a Security/Privacy Trade-Off	p. 157
Caveats	p. 171
Conclusions	p. 176
Exploring Measures of Effectiveness for Domestic Intelligence: Addressing Questions of Capability and Acceptability	p. 179
The Need to Think About Intelligence Activities as a System for Linking Processes to Desired Outcomes	p. 183
Exploring Potential Measures of Effectiveness for Domestic Intelligence Activities	p. 186
Beyond Measures of Effectiveness: Exploring Measures of Acceptability and Factors That Shape the Legitimacy of Intelligence Activities	p. 197
Conclusions	p. 200
Exploring the Utility for Considering Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Domestic Intelligence Policy Change	p. 205
What Types of Benefits and Costs Are Associated with Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Activities?	p. 206
How Can the Benefits of Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Activities Be Estimated?	p. 213
How Can the Costs of Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Activities Be Estimated?	p. 216
An Illustrative Break-Even Analysis of Changes in Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence	p. 226
Conclusions	p. 235
Conclusion	p. 239
Bibliography	p. 241
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