Challenge of Third World Development

by Handelman; Howard

• ISBN13: 9780205854660
• ISBN10: 0205854664
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-20
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Updated in its 7thedition, The Challenge of Third World Developmentexamines political, economic, and social change in countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Exploring common issues and problems in these regions, this text helps readers grasp the structural dynamics and human stories behind development. Accessibly written for readers of any social science background, The Challenge of Third World Developmentimmerses readers in issues like democratization, global warming, and women's changing roles and encourages them to understand what drives these issues at an individual, national, and global level.

Author Biography

Howard Handelman is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Understanding Underdevelopment	p. 1
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment	p. 4
Economic Underdevelopment	p. 4
Social Underdevelopment	p. 9
Political Underdevelopment	p. 13
Some Relationships between the Components of Development	p. 15
The Causes of Underdevelopment	p. 17
Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values	p. 18
Dependency Theory: The Core and the Periphery	p. 21
Modernization and Dependency Theories Compared	p. 24
Contemporary Perspectives	p. 25
How Much (or How Little) Progress Has Been Made?	p. 28
The Explosion of Third World Democracy	p. 32
Democracy Defined	p. 39
Democratic Transition and Consolidation	p. 40
Authoritarian Beginnings	p. 42
Justifying Authoritarian Rule	p. 42
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World	p. 44
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave	p. 47
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries	p. 48
Social and Economic Modernization	p. 49
Class Structure	p. 50
Political Culture	p. 52
The Curse of Oil Wealth	p. 56
How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared	p. 58
Democratic Consolidation	p. 60
Improving the Quality of Democracy	p. 61
Conclusion	p. 63
Religion and Politics	p. 68
The Meeting of Church and State	p. 70
Great Religions of the Third World	p. 71
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization	p. 73
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations	p. 75
Islam	p. 75
Catholicism	p. 76
Hinduism and Buddhism	p. 77
Religious Fundamentalism and Islamism	p. 78
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism	p. 79
Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative	p. 80
The Iranian Revolution: Radical Islamism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization	p. 82
Al Qaeda and Militant Islamism	p. 84
Islamist Terrorists in Western Europe: A New Frontier	p. 89
Turkey and Moderate Islamism	p. 91
The Strengthening of Moderate Islam	p. 95
The Progressive Catholic Church	p. 95
The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World	p. 98
Conclusion: Religion and Democracy	p. 100
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict	p. 106
Defining Ethnicity	p. 110
Ethnic and State Boundaries	p. 112
Types of Ethnic and Cultural Divisions	p. 113
Nationality	p. 113
Tribe	p. 116
Race	p. 117
Religion	p. 119
Dependency, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict	p. 125
Levels of Interethnic Conflict	p. 126
Minimal Conflict	p. 126
Uneasy Balance	p. 127
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance)	p. 128
Systematic Violence	p. 130
Outcomes and Resolutions	p. 130
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism	p. 131
Secession	p. 132
Outside Intervention	p. 134
Settlement through Exhaustion	p. 137
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict	p. 137
Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy	p. 138
Women and Development	p. 142
The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women	p. 145
Modernization and Women's Economic Status	p. 149
Women in the Economy: Rural and Urban	p. 149
Women and Politics	p. 152
Women's Political Activism at the Grassroots	p. 153
Women as National Political Leaders	p. 156
Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament	p. 159
Women and Revolutionary Change	p. 165
Women as Peacekeepers	p. 168
The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type	p. 169
Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society	p. 171
The Politics of the Rural and Urban Poor	p. 176
The Rural Poor: Third World Peasantry	p. 177
Rural Class Structures	p. 178
Peasant Politics	p. 180
The Politics of Agrarian Reform	p. 183
Patterns of Land Concentration	p. 183
The Case for Agrarian Reform	p. 184
The Decline of Agrarian Reform	p. 186
Crop Pricing: Another Approach to Rural Poverty	p. 188
The Future of the Rural Poor	p. 190
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor	p. 191
The Third World's Urban Explosion	p. 191
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth	p. 195
The Search for Employment	p. 195
The Urban Poor's Struggle for Housing	p. 197
Public Housing and the Role of the State	p. 199
Spontaneous Housing	p. 200
Sites-and-Services Programs	p. 201
The Problem of Urban Crime	p. 202
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images	p. 204
Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor	p. 207
Individual Political Behavior	p. 207
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services	p. 208
Radical Political Behavior	p. 211
Conclusion: The Role of the Rural and Urban Poor in Democratic Change	p. 212
Revolutionary Change	p. 217
Defining Revolution	p. 220
Underlying Causes of Revolution	p. 222
Inexorable Historical Forces	p. 222
Regime Decay	p. 223
Challenges from Below	p. 225
Causes of Revolution: A Summary	p. 229
Levels of Popular Support	p. 230
Peasants as Revolutionaries	p. 233
Why Peasants Rebel	p. 233
Which Peasants Rebel	p. 234
Revolutionary Leadership	p. 235
Revolutionaries in Power	p. 237
Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy	p. 241
Soldiers and Politics	p. 245
The Causes of Military Intervention	p. 249
The Nature of the Armed Forces	p. 249
The Nature of Civil Society	p. 250
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives	p. 253
The Types and Goals of Military Regimes	p. 256
Personalistic Regimes	p. 256
Institutional Military Regimes	p. 257
The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes	p. 262
Combating Corruption	p. 262
Defending Military Interests	p. 263
Patterns in Military Spending	p. 264
Establishing Stability	p. 267
Improving the Economy	p. 269
Military Withdrawal from Politics	p. 271
New Roles for the Armed Forces	p. 273
The Military as the Deciding Factor in the Arab Spring	p. 274
Improving Civil-Military Relationships	p. 275
Conclusion: Democracy and the Military	p. 276
The Political Economy of Third World Development	p. 280
The Role of the State	p. 282
The Command Economy	p. 283
Latin American Statism	p. 286
East Asia's Developmental State	p. 290
The Neoclassical Ideal	p. 292
Finding a Proper Role for the State	p. 295
Industrialization Strategies	p. 295
Import-Substituting Industrialization	p. 296
Export-Oriented Industrialization	p. 298
Growth with Equity	p. 299
Economic Development and the Environment	p. 301
The Costs of Growth	p. 302
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem	p. 303
Third World Environmental Decay and Global Warming: A Global Problem	p. 304
The Search for Sustainable Development	p. 305
Some Signs of Progress	p. 307
Finding the Right Mix	p. 309
The Effects of Globalization on Developing Nations	p. 310
Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development	p. 315
Glossary	p. 319
Index	p. 328
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