Note: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Key Terms, and Questions and Exercises | |
Chemical Foundations | |
Chemistry: An Overview | |
The Scientific Method | |
Units of Measurement | |
Uncertainty in Measurement | |
Significant Figures and Calculations | |
Dimensional Analysis | |
Temperature | |
Density | |
Classification of Matter | |
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions | |
The Early History of Chemistry | |
Fundamental Chemical Laws | |
Dalton's Atomic Theory | |
Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom | |
The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction | |
Molecules and Ions | |
An Introduction to the Periodic Table | |
Naming Simple Compounds | |
Stoichiometry | |
Atomic Masses | |
The Mole | |
Molar Mass | |
Percent Composition of Compounds | |
Determining the Formula of a Compound | |
Chemical Equations | |
Balancing Chemical Equations | |
Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products | |
Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant | |
Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry | |
Water, the Common Solvent | |
The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes | |
The Composition of Solutions | |
Types of Chemical Reactions | |
Precipitation Reactions | |
Describing Reactions in Solution | |
Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions | |
Acid-Base Reactions | |
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations | |
Gases | |
Pressure | |
The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro | |
The Ideal Gas Law | |
Gas Stoichiometry | |
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | |
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases | |
Effusion and Diffusion | |
Real Gases | |
Chemistry in the Atmosphere | |
Thermochemistry | |
The Nature of Energy | |
Enthalpy and Calorimetry | |
Hess's Law | |
Standard Enthalpies of Formation | |
Present Sources of Energy | |
New Energy Sources | |
Atomic Structure and Periodicity | |
Electromagnetic Radiation | |
The Nature of Matter | |
The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen | |
The Bohr Model | |
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom | |
Quantum Numbers | |
Orbital Shapes and Energies | |
Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle | |
Polyelectronic Atoms | |
The History of the Periodic Table | |
The Aufbau Principles and the Periodic Table | |
Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties | |
The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals | |
Bonding: General Concepts | |
Types of Chemical Bonds | |
Electronegativity | |
Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments | |
Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes | |
Formation of Binary Ionic Compounds | |
Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds | |
The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model | |
Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions | |
The Localized Electron Bonding Model | |
Lewis Structures | |
Exceptions to the Octet Rule | |
Resonance | |
Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model | |
Covalent Bonding: Orbitals | |
Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model | |
The Molecular Orbital Model | |
Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models | |
Liquids and Solids | |
Intermolecular Forces | |
The Liquid State | |
An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids | |
Structure and Bonding in Metals | |
Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids | |
Molecular Solids | |
Ionic Solids | |
Vapor Pressure and Changes of State | |
Phase Diagrams | |
Properties of Solutions | |
Solution Composition | |
The Energies of Solution Formation | |
Factors Affecting Solubility | |
The Vapor Pressures of Solutions | |
Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression | |
Osmotic Pressure | |
Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions | |
Colloids | |
Chemical Kinetics | |
Reaction Rates | |
Rate Laws: An Introduction | |
Determining the Form of the Rate Law | |
The Integrated Rate Law | |
Rate Laws: A Summary | |
Reaction Mechanisms | |
A Model for Chemical Kinetics | |
Catalysis | |
Chemical Equilibrium | |
The Equilibrium Condition | |
The Equilibrium Constant | |
Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures | |
Heterogeneous Equilibria | |
Applications of the Equilibrium Constant | |
Solving Equilibrium Problems | |
Le Chacirc;telier's Principle | |
Acids and Bases | |
The Nature of Acids and Bases | |
Acid Strength | |
The pH Scale | |
Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions | |
Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions | |
Bases | |
Polyprotic Acids | |
Acid-Base Properties of Salts | |
The Effect of Structure on Acid-Base Properties | |
Acid-Base Properties of Oxides | |
The Lewis Acid-Base Model | |
Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary | |
Applications of Aqueous Equilibria Acid-Base Equilibria | |
Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion | |
Buffered Solutions | |
Buffer Capacity | |
Titrations and pH Curves | |
Acid-Base Indicators Solubility Equilibria | |
Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product | |
Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis Complex Ion Equilibria | |
Equilibria Involving Complex Ions | |
Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy | |
Spontaneous Processes and Entropy | |
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity | |
Free Energy | |
Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions | |
Free Energy and Chemical Reactions | |
The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure | |
Free Energy and Equilibrium | |
Free Energy and Work | |
Electrochemistry | |
Galvanic Cells | |
Standard Reduction Potential | |
Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy | |
Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration | |
Batteries | |
Corrosion | |
Electrolysis | |
Commercial Electrolytic Processes | |
The Nucleus: A Chemist's View | |
Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay | |
The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay | |
Nuclear Transformations | |
Detection and Uses of Radioactivity | |
Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus | |
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion | |
Effects of Radiation | |
The Representative Elements: Groups 1A Through 4A | |
A Survey of the Representative Elements | |
The Group 1A Elements | |
Hydrogen | |
The Group 2A Elements | |
The Group 3A Elements | |
The Group 4A Elements | |
The Representative Elements: Groups 5A Through 8A | |
The Group 5A Elements | |
The Chemistry of Nitrogen | |
The Chemistry of Phosphorus | |
The Group 6A Elements | |
The Chemistry of Oxygen | |
The Chemistry of Sulfur | |
The Group 7A Elements | |
The Group 8A Elements | |
Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry | |
The Transition Metals: A Survey | |
The First-Row Transition Metals | |
Coordination Compounds | |
Isomerism | |
Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model | |
The Crystal Field Model | |
The Biologic Importance of Coordination Complexes | |
Metallurgy and Iron and Steel Production | |
Organic and Biological Molecules | |
Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons | |
Alkenes and Alkynes | |
Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
Hydrocarbon Derivatives | |
Polymers | |
Natural Polymers | |
Appendix 1 | |
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