Chemistry of Hazardous Material

by Meyer, Eugene

• ISBN13: 9780893031336
• ISBN10: 089303133X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-06-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	xi
Introduction	1	(32)
Role of Fire Throughout History	2	(3)
Why Study Chemistry?	5	(1)
Characteristics of Hazardous Materials	6	(2)
Classes of Fire	8	(2)
Federal Statutes Affecting Hazardous Materials	10	(15)
NFPA 704 System of Identifying Potential Hazards	25	(3)
CHEMTREC	28	(5)
Review Exercises	30	(3)
Some Features of Matter and Energy	33	(41)
Matter Defined	33	(2)
Units of Measurement	35	(3)
Converting Between Units of the Same Kind	38	(2)
Density of Matter	40	(5)
Energy	45	(1)
Measurement of Temperature	45	(2)
Measurement of Pressure	47	(6)
Transmission of Heat	53	(3)
Calculation of Heat	56	(2)
Expansion of Liquids	58	(2)
Flammability	60	(2)
General Hazards Accompanying the Gaseous State	62	(5)
General Hazards of Cryogens	67	(7)
Review Exercises	69	(5)
Chemical Forms of Matter	74	(28)
Elements and Compounds	74	(3)
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids	77	(1)
Physical and Chemical Changes	77	(2)
Internal Structure of Atoms	79	(2)
Periodic Classification of the Elements	81	(2)
Molecules and Ions	83	(2)
Nature of Chemical Bonding	85	(1)
Lewis Symbols	86	(1)
Ionic Bonding	86	(1)
Covalent Bonding	87	(2)
Ionic and Covalent Compounds	89	(1)
Chemical Formulas	90	(1)
Writing Chemical Formulas and Naming Ionic Compounds	91	(4)
Writing Some Chemical Formulas and Naming Covalent Compounds	95	(1)
Naming Acids	96	(1)
Molecular Weights, Formula Weights, and the Mole	97	(5)
Review Exercises	98	(4)
Principles of Chemical Reactions	102	(32)
Chemical Reactions	102	(1)
Balancing Simple Equations	103	(2)
Types of Chemical Reactions	105	(1)
Oxidation--Reduction Reactions	106	(2)
Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction	108	(4)
Combustion and the Energetics of Chemical Reactions	112	(2)
Spontaneous Combustion	114	(1)
Fire Tetrahedron	115	(3)
Chemistry of Fire Extinguishment	118	(16)
Review Exercises	130	(4)
Some Aspects of the Usdot Hazardous Materials Regulations	134	(34)
Shipping Papers	135	(10)
Location of Shipping Papers During Transit	145	(1)
Location of Hazardous Materials on Board Watercraft	146	(2)
USDOT Labels	148	(1)
USDOT-Required Markings	148	(2)
USDOT Placards	150	(3)
USDOT Classification of Hazardous Materials	153	(9)
The Emergency Response Guidebook	162	(6)
Review Exercises	163	(5)
Chemistry of Some Common Elements	168	(36)
Oxygen	168	(6)
Hydrogen	174	(7)
Fluorine	181	(1)
Chlorine	182	(5)
Bromine	187	(3)
Phosphorus	190	(4)
Sulfur	194	(2)
Carbon	196	(8)
Review Exercises	201	(3)
Chemistry of Some Corrosive Materials	204	(34)
Chemical Nature of Acids and Bases	205	(3)
Corrosivity of Acids and Bases	208	(3)
The pH Scale	211	(1)
Responding to Emergency Incidents Involving Corrosive Materials	212	(4)
Sulfuric Acid	216	(4)
Nitric Acid	220	(3)
Hydrochloric Acid	223	(2)
Perchloric Acid	225	(1)
Hydrofluoric Acid	226	(3)
Phosphoric Acid	229	(1)
Chlorosulfonic Acid	230	(1)
Acetic Acid	231	(1)
Sodium Hydroxide	232	(1)
Potassium Hydroxide	233	(5)
Review Exercises	234	(4)
Chemistry of Some Water-Reactive Materials	238	(36)
Alkali Metals	239	(6)
Magnesium, Zirconium, Titanium, Aluminum, and Zinc	245	(8)
Organometallic Compounds	253	(3)
Metallic Hydrides	256	(4)
Boranes	260	(2)
Metallic Peroxides	262	(2)
Metallic Carbides and Phosphides	264	(1)
Some Water-Reactive Metallic and Nonmetallic Chlorides	265	(4)
Some Water-Reactive Organic Compounds	269	(5)
Review Exercises	270	(4)
Chemistry of Some Toxic Materials	274	(54)
How Toxic Substances Enter the Body	277	(1)
Classification of Toxic Effects	278	(1)
Factors Affecting Toxicity	279	(3)
Measurement of Toxicity	282	(2)
Smoke	284	(1)
Common Oxides of Carbon	284	(8)
Hydrogen Cyanide	292	(3)
Sulfur-Bearing Fire Gases	295	(4)
Oxides of Nitrogen	299	(3)
Ammonia	302	(3)
Toxic Heavy Metals	305	(6)
Asbestos	311	(3)
Organic Pesticides	314	(3)
Chemical Categories of Organic Pesticides	317	(3)
Respiratory Protection from Toxic Substances	320	(8)
Review Exercises	324	(4)
Oxidation--Reduction Phenomena	328	(32)
Oxidation Number	329	(2)
Oxidation--Reduction Reaction	331	(1)
Common Hazardous Features of Oxidizers	332	(3)
Hydrogen Peroxide	335	(3)
Metallic Hypochlorites, Chlorites, Chlorates, and Perchlorates	338	(6)
Ammonium Compounds	344	(5)
Oxidizing Agents Containing Chromium	349	(1)
Metallic Permanganates	350	(1)
Metallic Nitrites and Nitrates	351	(1)
Chemistry of Matches	352	(2)
Hydrazine	354	(6)
Review Exercises	356	(4)
Chemistry of Some Hazardous Organic Compounds	360	(52)
What Are Organic Compounds?	361	(2)
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons	363	(6)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	369	(3)
Functional Groups	372	(2)
Petroleum and Its Products	374	(3)
Simple Hydrocarbons	377	(6)
Halogenated Hydrocarbons	383	(7)
Alcohols	390	(4)
Ethers	394	(4)
Aldehydes and Ketones	398	(1)
Organic Acids	399	(1)
Esters	400	(1)
Peroxo-Organic Compounds	400	(4)
Carbon Disulfide	404	(1)
Fighting Fires Involving Liquid Organic Compounds	405	(7)
Review Exercises	406	(6)
Chemistry of some Common Plastics and Textiles	412	(34)
Polymerization	413	(7)
General Features Regarding the Burning of Synthetic Polymers	420	(3)
Vegetable and Animal Fibers	423	(4)
Polyvinyl Polymers	427	(6)
Polyacetals, Polyethers, and Polyesters	433	(3)
Nitrogenous Polymers: Polyamides and Polyurethanes	436	(2)
Natural and Synthetic Rubber	438	(8)
Review Exercises	442	(4)
Chemical Explosives	446	(26)
Characteristics and Classification of Explosives	447	(4)
Encountering Chemical Explosives When Firefighting	451	(3)
Chemical Explosives and USDOT Regulations	454	(2)
Black Powder	456	(1)
Nitroglycerin	457	(1)
Dynamite	458	(3)
Nitrocellulose	461	(1)
Trinitrotoluene	462	(2)
Cyclonite	464	(1)
Tetryl	465	(1)
PETN	466	(1)
Picric Acid	467	(1)
Primary Explosives	468	(4)
Review Exercises	469	(3)
Radioactive Materials	472	(28)
Some Features of Atomic Nuclei	474	(2)
Types of Radiation	476	(3)
Measurement of Radioactivity	479	(3)
Adverse Health Effects from Radiation Exposure	482	(3)
Fissionable Radioisotopes	485	(5)
USDOT Regulations Regarding Radioactive Materials	490	(3)
Encountering Radioactive Materials While Firefighting	493	(3)
Residential Radon	496	(4)
Review Exercises	497	(3)
Index	500	(10)
Table of the Elements	510