Chemistry: An Introduction for Medical and Health Sciences

by Jones, Alan

• ISBN13: 9780470092897
• ISBN10: 0470092890
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-05-27
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Chemistry: An Introduction for Medical and Health Sciences provides students and practitioners with a clear, readable introduction to the chemical terms and concepts that are relevant to their study and practice. Assuming little prior knowledge of the subject the book describes and explains the chemistry underlying many of the most commonly prescribed drugs and medicines. It also includes information on chemical aspects of digestion and nutrition, oxidation, radioactivity and an overview of how chemicals fight disease. Excellent pedagogy including learning objectives, diagnostic tests and questions in each chapter and a comprehensive glossaryExperienced author team with many years experience of teaching chemistry to non-chemists

Author Biography

Professor Alan Jones is a recently retired Academic that is still involved in aspects of chemistry education. For many years Alan Jones taught chemistry to health  students at Nottingham Trent University.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(1)
How to use the book	1	(2)
Starting Chemistry	3	(12)
Terminology and processes used in drug manufacture	4	(5)
Atoms and things	9	(2)
Chemical reactions and the periodic table	11	(4)
Covalent Compounds and Organic Molecules	15	(28)
How to make stable molecules	18	(1)
Covalent compounds	18	(4)
General Properties of Covalent Compounds	22	(1)
Characteristic shapes and bond angles within covalent molecules	23	(1)
Some covalent bonds with slight ionic character	24	(1)
Double-bonded carbon compounds or `unsaturated' carbon bonds	25	(2)
Some further compounds of carbon	27	(1)
The carbon cycle	28	(1)
Isomerism: some different arrangements of atoms within a molecule	29	(4)
Naming organic compounds . . . if you really want to know!	33	(3)
Ring structures	36	(1)
Compounds of carbon containing other groups	37	(1)
Some further examples with explanations	37	(6)
Organic Compounds Containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen: Alcohols and Ethers	43	(12)
Alcohols, CnH2n+, 1OH	45	(1)
Properties of alcohols: monohydric alcohols with one OH group	46	(2)
Other alcohols: di- and tri-hydric alcohols	48	(1)
Aromatic OH compounds: phenol	49	(1)
Ethers are isomers of alcohols	50	(5)
Carbonyl Compounds: Compounds Containing C=O Groups	55	(18)
Simple aldehydes and ketones: carboxylic acids and esters	56	(2)
Carbohydrates, monosaccharides and sugars	58	(2)
Disaccharides	60	(1)
Digestion of sugars	61	(1)
More about sugars -- if you really need to know!	62	(1)
Carboxylic acids: another set of CHO compounds containing C=O groups	63	(1)
Salts and esters	63	(2)
Lipids or fats	65	(2)
Chemical energy in cells	67	(1)
Chemicals in food	68	(1)
Soaps and detergents	69	(4)
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen	73	(12)
Amines and amino acids	75	(1)
Amino acids	76	(1)
Peptide formation and protein synthesis	77	(1)
Hydrolysis (action of water) of peptides	78	(1)
Other properties of amino acids	79	(1)
Protein metabolism	79	(1)
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA	80	(5)
Vitamins, Steroids, Hormones and Enzymes	85	(18)
Vitamins	86	(8)
Steroids and hormones	94	(2)
Enzymes	96	(7)
Ions, Electrolytes, Metals and Ionic Bonding	103	(16)
Introduction to ionic bonding	105	(2)
Some common properties of ions and ionic bonds	107	(2)
Electrolytes and ions of the body	109	(1)
Major cations (positive ions) in the body: sodium, potassium and calcium ions	110	(3)
Balance between fluids	113	(1)
Essential elements present in small quantities: micronutrients and minerals	114	(1)
Cancer treatments and chemotherapies that use metal compounds	115	(4)
Water	119	(16)
Introduction What makes water so unique?	121	(2)
Chemical reactions in aqueous solution	123	(1)
Dissolving and solubility: water is a great solvent	124	(2)
Osmosis	126	(1)
Dialysis	127	(1)
Colloids	128	(1)
Water, washing and detergents	129	(1)
Water vapour	130	(1)
Evaporation from skin	131	(1)
Solid water	132	(1)
Hydrolysis	133	(2)
Acids and Bases	135	(14)
Acids	137	(3)
Bases and alkali	140	(1)
Bases containing nitrogen	141	(1)
Amino acids and zwitterions	142	(1)
Salts	142	(1)
Neutralization	143	(1)
Buffer solutions	143	(1)
Buffers in the body	144	(1)
Digestion and acid attack	145	(1)
Acids in the environment	146	(3)
Oxidation and Reduction	149	(10)
Definitions of oxidation and reduction	150	(3)
Burning and oxidation	153	(1)
Some applications of redox reactions to metabolic processes	153	(1)
Nitric oxide, NO or N(II)O	154	(2)
Oxygen gas	156	(3)
Analytical Techniques	159	(18)
The need for analysis	160	(2)
Mass spectroscopy	162	(3)
Chromatography	165	(3)
Spectroscopy of various types	168	(2)
Electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)	170	(3)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	173	(1)
General conclusions	174	(3)
Radioactivity	177	(14)
Introduction to the effects of radiation	178	(1)
Isotopes and radioactivity	179	(2)
Splitting the nuclei of atoms	181	(1)
Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation	182	(3)
Half-life	185	(1)
Radiation everywhere	186	(2)
Conclusion	188	(3)
Rates of Reaction	191	(14)
Effect of temperature on reactions and metabolism	193	(1)
Why does a chemical reaction slow down on cooling?	194	(3)
Free radicals	197	(1)
Effect of concentration on chemical reactions	197	(1)
Catalysts and enzymes	198	(1)
How catalysts and enzymes work	199	(2)
Application of chemical reactions to drug use	201	(4)
Overview of Chemicals Fighting Diseases	205	(16)
Drugs ancient and modern	205	(5)
Cancer treatments	210	(3)
Pain killers	213	(1)
Stopping attack by `aliens' on our bodies: viruses and bacteria	214	(1)
AIDS and HIV	215	(2)
Gene therapy	217	(1)
Some changes of use of existing drugs	217	(4)
Numbers and Quantities	221	(14)
Standard notation, powers of 10	223	(1)
Moles	223	(1)
Powers of numbers and logs	224	(4)
Moles in formulae and equations	228	(1)
Moles in solution	229	(1)
Concentration in ppm, parts per million	230	(1)
Dilutions	230	(1)
Percentage by mass	231	(4)
Appendix 1: Alphabetical List of the Common Elements	235	(2)
Appendix 2: Periodic Classification of the Common Elements	237	(2)
Glossary	239	(14)
Bibliography	253	(4)
Index	257